Adult ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Retrocaval Ureter ; surgery ; Ureterostomy ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To compare the consistency of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in detecting c-erbB-2 status in breast cancer tissues. Methods A total of 50 breast cancer paraffin embedded samples were selected, of which there were 10 cases of c-erbB-2 protein expression (+), 20 cases of (++) and 20 cases of (+++). FISH was used to assess the amplification of c-erbB-2 gene, and SPSS 13.0 software was employed to analyze the difference and consistency between the two methods. Results IHC and FISH methods had a good consistency when detecting c-erbB-2 (+) and (+++) expressions in breast cancer tissues, with the coincidence rate of 89.2%. However, when IHC was used to test c-erbB-2 (++), the result of FISH was quite different, with the coincidence rate of only 35.3%. Conclusion IHC is a preliminary method to detect c-erbB-2 status in breast cancer. IHC and FISH methods have a good consistency in detecting c-erbB-2 (+) and (+++) status in breast cancer tissues. As detection of c-erbB-2 (++) with IHC has a different result from FISH, such patients should receive FISH confirmation for herceptin therapy.

Objective To investigate the pathogen and drug susceptibility in appendical intracavity with appendicitis, and guide clinically the selection of reasonable antibiotics. Methods Germicultures and drug susceptibility tests were conducted for the secretions from appendical intracavity of the 71 patients with appendicitis. Result (1) Totally 9 species (63 cases) of bacterium were isolated from clinical samples, positive rate of isolation was 88.7%. The first one was escherichia coli (49 cases). (2) The positive rates of germiculture were no differences in patients with different types of appendicitis. Age and BMI were associated with the results of germiculture. Gender, temperature, neutrophil, fecalith were not associated with the positive germiculture. (3) The curative effect of the third and the fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems were well. The curative effect of the first generation cephalosporins, quinolones and penicillins were not well. Conclusion (1)In all samples,escherichia coli are the dominant species of bacterium. The distribution of isolation is no difference in patients with different types of appendicitis. (2) The third generation cephalosporins are commonly used in clinical treatment with the obvious anti-bacteria effects, The fourth generation cephalosporins and carbapenems can act as the optimal drug for serious infection. Quinolones is not the optimal antibiotics. Penicillins antibiotic is not proposed to be used.

Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of three types of anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibodies and anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG antibody in children who were immunized with inactivated enterovirus 71 (EV71) vaccine (human diploid cell).Methods Serum samples were collected from the subjects immunized with inactivated EV71 vaccine.Neutralizing antibodies against EV71 and poliovirus were detected by micro-cytopathic effect neutralization test.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect IgG antibody against HAV.Results The geometric mean titers (GMTs) of anti-EV71 neutralizing antibody increased to 4.85 following the first-dose injection of inactivated EV71 vaccine.A significant increase of GMTs (up to 64.37) could be observed 28 days after the second-dose vaccination.Meanwhile, results of the dynamic monitor showed that there were slight fluctuations in the neutralizing antibodies against three types of poliovirus on day 28 (28 days after the first-dose vaccination) compared with those on day 0 (before vaccination) (P<0.05);types Ⅰ and Ⅲ anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibodies on day 56 (28 days after the second-dose vaccination) remained slightly different from those on day 0 (P<0.05), but type Ⅱ anti-poliovirus neutralizing antibody on day 56 had restored to normal level (P>0.05).The level of anti-HAV IgG antibody was stable and no significant difference was found during the observation period (P>0.05).Conclusion This study shows that inactivated EV71 vaccine has no impact on anti-HAV IgG antibody in Children during the two-dose vaccination and in anti-EV71 antibody-producing period, but has slight influence on the anti-poliovirus antibodies.In general, changes in antibody profile do not affect the clinical efficacy of immune response.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of carbachol(CAR) on oxygen dynamic parameters and hyperlactacidemia during oral fluid resuscitation of burn shock.

METHODSTwelve male Beagle dogs were surgically prepared for cannulation of carotid and jugular vein, and enterostomy, 24 hours later they were subjected to a 50% (total body surface area, TBSA) full-thickness flame injury under a 10-15 minute anesthesia by IV injection of propofol. The dogs were randomized to gastric fluid infusion group (GI group)and gastric fluid infusion plus CAR group (GI + CAR). Either a glucose-electrolyte solution(GES) or GES containing CAR (20 microg/kg) were intragastricly given to animals in GI group or GI+ CAR groups. The delivery rate and volume of GES was in accordance with that of Parkland formula. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), intestinal mucosal blood flow (IMBF) and blood lactic acid were determined, and blood gas analysis evaluated for oxygen delivery (DO2), oxygen consumption (VO2) and oxygen uptake (O2ext) at 0, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48 and 72 hours after injury.

RESULTSThe levels of MAP and IMBF markedly reduced, and LAC obviously increased in both groups after burn. MAP returned to 0 h level at 72 h post burn, while IMBF, and LAC were still higher or lower than 0 h levels. The level of MAP of GI + CAR group was significantly higher than that of GI group at 2 h, and those showed no significant differences between two groups after then. Carbochol administration led to a markedly higher levels of IMBF, and significant lower levels of LAC from 8 h after burn compared with those of GI group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The levels of DO2 VO2 and Oext were reduced markedly after burn in both groups. At 72 h after burn, DOQ returned to 0 h level; while VO2 and Oext though still much lower than 0 h levels. The level of DO2. VO2 and Oext of GI + CAR group were significantly higher than those of GI group from 8 h after burn (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Three of six animals died in GI+ CAR group, which was lower than two of six in GI group.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicates that carbachol promotes intragastric fluid resuscitative effect of burn shock by increasing oxygen delivery and decreasing hyperlactacidemia.

Animals ; Burns ; complications ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Carbachol ; pharmacology ; Dogs ; Electrolytes ; administration & dosage ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Glucose ; administration & dosage ; Intestinal Absorption ; drug effects ; Male ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Resuscitation ; methods ; Shock ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase in heart failure rabbits.Methods Rabbit heart failure model was made with aortic regurgitation and abdominal aorta constriction and 40 rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups including:(1) heart failure treated with curcumin;(2) heart failure treated with placebo;(3) healthy control treated with curcumin and (4) healthy control treated with placebo.All rabbits were administrated with curcumin capsules or placebo capsules 100 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1),respectively.All groups were sacrificed after eight weeks.Myocardial ultrastructural organization was detected by transmission electron microscope.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to measure the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase in mRNA and protein levels,respectively.Malachite green colorimetric assay was used to evaluate the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+) -ATPase.Results All detected parameters were similar between control curcumin group and control placebo group.Compared with the control groups (Groups 3 and 4),the heart/body weight ratio was significantly increased in the heart failure-curcumin group (Group 1) and the heart failure-placebo group (Group 2,all P＜0.05),but the ratio was significantly lower in heart failure-curcumin group than in heart failure-placebo group (P＜0.05).The degree of heart failure was decreased by curcumin.Activity and mRNA and protein expression for sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+) -ATPase were significantly reduced in the heart failure-placebo group and which could be significantly attenuated by curcumin (all P＜0.05).Conclusion Curoumin could improve cardiac function via upregulating the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+) -ATPas in this model.

There is growing evidence that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is associated with increased risks of psychiatric sequelae. Depression, anxiety, cognitive impairments, sleep disturbance, and fatigue during and after the acute phase of COVID-19 are prevalent, long-lasting, and exerting negative consequences on well-being and imposing a huge burden on healthcare systems and society. This current review presented timely updates of clinical research findings, particularly focusing on the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the neuropsychiatric sequelae, and identified potential key targets for developing effective treatment strategies for long COVID. In addition, we introduced the Formosa Long COVID Multicenter Study (FOCuS), which aims to apply the inflammation theory to the pathogenesis and the psychosocial and nutrition treatments of post-COVID depression and anxiety.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative delirium (POD) is a highly prevalent complex neuropsychiatric syndrome in elderly patients. However, its pathophysiology is currently unknown. Early detection and prevention of POD is important; therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the link between preoperative insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels in the serum and POD in the Chinese elderly patients. METHODS: One hundred and three patients who were undergoing an orthopedic operation took part in the study. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were measured. POD was determined daily using the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and DSM-IV TR. Baseline serum IGF-1 levels were compared between patients who did and did not develop POD. Correlation coefficients were calculated to evaluate relationship between baseline characteristics and serum IGF-1 levels. The relationship between baseline biomarkers and delirium status was investigated using logistic regression analysis, adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Twenty-three patients developed POD. The POD group had lower MMSE scores and higher CCI scores and proportions of acute admission. Preoperative serum IGF-1 levels were correlated with MMSE scores and age (MMSE: r=0.230, p<0.05; age: r=-0.419, p<0.001). Baseline serum IGF-1 levels did not differ between patients who did and did not develop POD, even after adjusting for potential confounding factors, MMSE score, and age. CONCLUSION: No association was found between preoperative IGF-1 levels and POD, suggesting that they are not direct biomarkers of the incidence of POD among the Chinese elderly population. Further research with larger sample sizes is warranted to clarify the relationship.
Aged* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Biomarkers ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Delirium* ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Humans ; Incidence ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Logistic Models ; Orthopedics ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and prognostic significance of adjuvant tamoxifen in breast cancer patients with various hormone receptor statuses. METHODS: Typically, 1,260 female breast cancer patients were recruited in this study. The correlation between estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) phenotypes and clinical characteristics was investigated, and the survival rate was assessed after 5-year follow-up. RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival (85%) was better in women under the age of 50 years. Patients with ER+/PR+ tumors had a better 5-year survival rate (94%); those with ER-/PR- tumors experienced the worst outcome (74% survival rate); whereas single-positive cases were in between. In 97 out of 128 patients with ER-/PR+ tumors, tamoxifen was given as adjuvant hormonal therapy, and it increased the survival benefit in the lower grade group in terms of overall survival and disease-free survival (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). CONCLUSION: For high-grade tumors with ER-/PR+, adjuvant tamoxifen therapy may have no survival benefit, whereas for the patients with low-grade ER-/PR+ tumors, adjuvant tamoxifen therapy is highly suggestive.
Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Estrogens ; Female ; Humans ; Phenotype ; Progesterone ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Survival Rate ; Tamoxifen

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and intermittent theta-burst stimulation (iTBS) are evidenced-based treatments for patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) who fail to respond to standard first-line therapies. However, although various TMS protocols have been proven to be clinically effective, the response rate varies across clinical applications due to the heterogeneity of real-world psychiatric comorbidities, such as generalized anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, or substance use disorder, which are often observed in patients with MDD. Therefore, individualized treatment approaches are important to increase treatment response by assigning a given patient to the most optimal TMS treatment protocol based on his or her individual profile. This literature review summarizes different rTMS or TBS protocols that have been applied in researches investigating MDD patients with certain psychiatric comorbidities and discusses biomarkers that may be used to predict rTMS treatment response. Furthermore, we highlight the need for the validation of neuroimaging and electrophysiological biomarkers associated with rTMS treatment responses. Finally, we discuss on which directions future efforts should focus for developing the personalization of the treatment of depression with rTMS or iTBS.