Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Craniofacial Dysostosis ; surgery ; Craniotomy ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the variations of gene C in hepatitis B viruses between hepatitis B patients and healthy carriers, and provide experimental evidences for analysis of virus gene mutations acting on the virus material science and response of the body to the virus.

METHODSThe virus DNA load in hepatitis B patients and healthy blood donors was investigated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Gene sequence analysis was taken to detect gene polymorphism, and all the success samples were compaired with standard strain by DNAstar.

RESULTS(1)G Compared with standard strain, C region in all samples had mutations, there were 31 mutations in at least 2 samples (3 mutations in gene PreC and 28 mutations in gene C), including 9 missense mutations, 1 chain termination mutation and 21 synonymous mutation. Mutations nt 1827 c-->a and nt 2221 c-->t existed in all the samples, and most samples had 6 synonymous mutations. Four hepatitis B patients had mutation nt1896 g-->a, and another 4 patients had 2 mutations, namely, S87G and I97F (or 197L) in HBcAg CTL recognition episome. (2) The success ratio of amplification and sequencing of HBV DNA was closely associated with its copy numbers. In the present study, copy numbers of HBV DNA which were successfully amplified and sequenced were almost more than 40 193/ml.

CONCLUSIONSHBV genome were easily affected by nucleotide mutations, 2 residues had mutations in gene of C region, which is firstly reported, suggesting these mutations may be geographical restricted. Mutations in gene of C region may either change the structure and function of HBeAg and HBcAg, which may further induce the escape of immune clearance for HBV or influence the detection of HBsAg or HBeAg, which may creat new problems for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis B.

Female ; Hepatitis B ; virology ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; genetics ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo evaluate therapeutic effects for reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)with hamstring tendon autografts and bioabsorbable interference screws fixation under arthroscopy.

METHODSThirty-one patients with ACL rupture were verified through arthroscopy. There were 27 patients were male and 4 patients were female, ranging in age from 17 to 40 years,with an average of 25 years. Among the patients, 26 patients combined with meniscus injuries, 3 patients with injuries of articular cartilage and 16 patients with I to II degree degeneration of articular cartilage. All the patients were performed ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autografts under arthroscopy and the reconstructed ligaments were fixed with bioabsorbable interference screws.

RESULTSNo severe complications occurred at early stage after operation. Thirty patients were followed up and ranged from 9 to 39 months,with an average of (19 +/- 9.0) months. Lysholm score significantly increased from average of 54.6 +/- 16.6 preoperatively to average of 92.5 +/- 5.7 at the end of follow-up period (t = 11.84, P < 0.01). Twenty-six patients restored to normal activity.

CONCLUSIONACL reconstructed with hamstring tendon autografts under arthroscopy has advantages of minimal trauma and satisfactory outcomes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament ; surgery ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Tendons ; surgery ; transplantation ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVESTo analyze the reason of revisions no more than 5 years after primary hip replacement, and to discuss the methods how to prevent and manage.

METHODSRetrospectively review 11 cases with revision no more than 5 years after primary total hip replacement from January 2002 to June 2007. The reasons for revision were as follows: 2 cases were recurrent dislocation due to malposition of acetabular prosthesis; 5 cases were loosening of acetabular prosthesis; 1 case was abrasion of the native acetabulum by bipolar femoral head; 2 cases were periprosthetic femoral fractures and 1 case was periprosthetic infection. The average follow-up time was 36 months. Each patient was assessed according to Harris hip score. The revision procedures including liner only, acetabular prosthesis only, or both acetabular prosthesis and femoral prosthesis depending on the reasons for revision, two-stage revision was performed on 1 case with periprosthetic infection.

RESULTSThe average of Harris hip score was increased from 46 (28 to 62) preoperatively to 86 (75 to 96) at follow up. The complication occurred in 2 cases: one was postoperative haematoma formation who was performed further surgery for clearance of haematoma, another was slight instability of the hip joint who was accepted skin traction for 3 weeks.

CONCLUSIONSThe main reason for revision after primary total hip replacement is related to uncorrected insert of acetabular prosthesis. Improving surgical technique of insert of acetabular prosthesis is important in primary total hip replacement.

Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; surgery ; Prosthesis Failure ; Reoperation ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo understand the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype distribution in Yantai district of Shandong province, and to explore whether the HCV genotypes was relevant to the injure of liver through the index of liver function.

METHODSUsing specific PCR primers to amplify the HCV RNA 5' UTR/NS5B,then PCR products were sequenced by genetic analyzer. The genotypes were identified by alignment to the GenBank reference sequences and construction the phylogenetic tree of 5' UTR.

RESULTSAmong 9 unpaid blood donors we detected two kinds of genotypes of 1b and 3a, respectively, 8 cases (88.9%) and 1 case (11.1%). Among 33 cases of hepatitis C patients we detected the 1b, 2a and 6a the three kinds of genotypes, respectively, 22 (66.7%), 10 (30.3%) and 1 (3.03%) cases. Subtype 1b is the advantage of popular genotype in HCV carriers from Yantai district, and the distribution of 1b was no significant difference in the different population (chi2 = 0.796, P = 0.373); The difference of indicator of liver damage in the different genotypes of subjects were significant (P < 0.05), the mean of ALT, AST of 2a-subtype carriers was significantly higher than the 1b-subtype population.

CONCLUSIONSThe genetic diversity of HCV in Shandong Yantai district was presented. The main genotypes were 1b-subtype, and 3a and 6a-subtype was detected firstly. The genotype of HCV were relevant to the liver damage indicators, 2a-subtype hepatitis C virus infection in the liver cells may play an important role in the disease process.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phylogeny ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo treat complicated midface deficiencies with external distraction device.

METHODSFour patients (one with acquired midface hypoplasia, two with Crouzon syndrome and one with Parry Romberg) with severe midface deficiencies underwent external distraction osteogenesis. After Le Fort III or Le Fort III plus I osteotomies were performed, the external distraction devices were activated on the 7th postoperative day with a rate of 1 mm per day. The distraction devices were removed after consolidation for 3 months.

RESULTSAll patients completed the distraction treatment. The distraction distance ranged from 10 to 14 mm. The appearance of all patients was significantly improved.

CONCLUSIONSExternal distraction osteogenesis provides an effectively treatment for patients with severe and complicated midface deficiencies.

Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Craniofacial Dysostosis ; surgery ; Face ; abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Osteogenesis, Distraction ; instrumentation ; Stents ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo analyse related risk factors of classic Kaposi' s sarcoma in Xinjiang.

METHODSA 1:4 case-control study was used and the conditional logistic regression model was performed in this study. Cases were followed up in Xinjiang while controls were selected by the same sex, nation and age within 5 years with cases.

RESULTSInterleukin-6,vascular endothelial growth factor, beta-MG, neopterin, human herpevirus 8, were found to be associated with Kaposi's sarcoma risk in one-way variance model while beta2 -MG and human herpevirus 8 entered the multiple conditional logistic regression model, and their ORs were 1.002(95%CI: 1.000-1.003), 81.041 (95%CI: 1.790-3669.620).

CONCLUSIONThere was a correlate relationship between beta2 -MG and classic Kaposi's sarcoma being found that human herpevirus 8 exposure related factors seemed to have played important roles on classic Kaposi's sarcoma in Xinjiang.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Female ; Herpesviridae Infections ; complications ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Sarcoma, Kaposi ; complications ; epidemiology ; metabolism

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of 3D printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage in the treatment of a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia.Methods:The clinical data of 42 patients with a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia who received treatment with 3D printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage in Dazhu Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2016 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. In the traditional puncture group, there were 19 patients who received traditional punctures according to preoperative cranial CT findings (traditional puncture group). In the 3D printed guide plate puncture group, there were 23 patients who received hematoma puncture and catheter drainage assisted by a 3D printed guide plate. Preoperative preparation time (from admission to operation), operative time, the number of hematoma punctures, hematoma clearance rate, postoperative indwelling time of drainage tube, residual hematoma rate, the occurrence of puncture canal bleeding, intracranial infection, Glasgow Coma Scale score measured at 3 and 7 days after surgery, and Glasgow Outcome Scale score measured at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery were compared between the two groups.Results:There were no significant differences in preoperative preparation time and operative time between the two groups ( t = 0.25, 0.40, both P > 0.05). 3D-printed guide plate-assisted hematoma puncture reduced the probability of reveiving one more hematoma puncture during the surgery. There was no significant difference in the number of hematoma puncture between the two groups ( χ2= 0.48, P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the probabilities of puncture canal bleeding and intracranial infection between the two groups ( χ2 = 0.05, 0.03, both P > 0.05). Postoperative indwelling time of the drainage tube in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was significantly shorter than that in the traditional puncture group [(3.10 ± 0.38) vs. (3.46 ± 0.52) days, t = 2.65, P < 0.05]. The residual hematoma rate in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was significantly lower than that in the traditional puncture group [(32.04 ± 5.33)% vs. (37.37 ± 5.51)%, χ2 = 3.20, P < 0.05]. There were significant differences in Glasgow Coma Scale score measured at 3 and 7 days after surgery between the two groups [(12.04 ± 1.19) points vs. (11.26 ± 0.93) points, (13.65 ± 0.88) points vs. (12.94 ± 0.97) points, t = 2.33, 2.46, both P < 0.05]. Glasgow Outcome Scale score measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery in the 3D printed guide plate puncture group was 18, 21, and 22 points, respectively, which was significantly higher than 9, 11, and 12 points in the traditional puncture group ( χ2 = 4.34, 4.69, 5.17, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:3D printed guide plate assisted hematoma puncture and catheter drainage for treatment of a moderate volume of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage in the basal ganglia can increase the accuracy of puncture, decrease hematoma residual rate, improve short- and long-term prognosis, does not prolong preoperative preparation time. Moreover, it costs low, is safe, and is easy to learn.

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is changing the world like never before. This crisis is unlikely contained in the absence of effective therapeutics or vaccine. The papain-like protease (PLpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) plays essential roles in virus replication and immune evasion, presenting a charming drug target. Given the PLpro proteases of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV share significant homology, inhibitor developed for SARS-CoV PLpro is a promising starting point of therapeutic development. In this study, we sought to provide structural frameworks for PLpro inhibitor design. We determined the unliganded structure of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro mutant C111S, which shares many structural features of SARS-CoV PLpro. This crystal form has unique packing, high solvent content and reasonable resolution 2.5 Å, hence provides a good possibility for fragment-based screening using crystallographic approach. We characterized the protease activity of PLpro in cleaving synthetic peptide harboring nsp2/nsp3 juncture. We demonstrate that a potent SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitor GRL0617 is highly effective in inhibiting protease activity of SARS-CoV-2 with the IC

The transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes and the initiation of meiosis are key steps in spermatogenesis and are precisely regulated by a plethora of proteins. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we report that Src homology domain tyrosine phosphatase 2 (Shp2; encoded by the protein tyrosine phosphatase, nonreceptor type 11 [Ptpn11] gene) is abundant in spermatogonia but markedly decreases in meiotic spermatocytes. Conditional knockout of Shp2 in spermatogonia in mice using stimulated by retinoic acid gene 8 (Stra8)-cre enhanced spermatogonial differentiation and disturbed the meiotic process. Depletion of Shp2 in spermatogonia caused many meiotic spermatocytes to die; moreover, the surviving spermatocytes reached the leptotene stage early at postnatal day 9 (PN9) and the pachytene stage at PN11-13. In preleptotene spermatocytes, Shp2 deletion disrupted the expression of meiotic genes, such as disrupted meiotic cDNA 1 (Dmc1), DNA repair recombinase rad51 (Rad51), and structural maintenance of chromosome 3 (Smc3), and these deficiencies interrupted spermatocyte meiosis. In GC-1 cells cultured in vitro, Shp2 knockdown suppressed the retinoic acid (RA)-induced phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (Erk) and protein kinase B (Akt/PKB) and the expression of target genes such as synaptonemal complex protein 3 (Sycp3) and Dmc1. Together, these data suggest that Shp2 plays a crucial role in spermatogenesis by governing the transition from spermatogonia to spermatocytes and by mediating meiotic progression through regulating gene transcription, thus providing a potential treatment target for male infertility.
Animals ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics* ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics* ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics* ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Meiosis/genetics* ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Transgenic ; Phosphate-Binding Proteins/genetics* ; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11/genetics* ; Rad51 Recombinase/genetics* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spermatocytes/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/genetics* ; Spermatogonia/metabolism*