Objective To explore the effect of interferon-?(IFN-?)on phenotypic transition of human Tenon’s conjunctival capsular fibroblast(HTCF). Methods Cultured HTCF derived from 4 operated human cataracts was induced for 48 hours in absence or presence of IFN-? and/or transforming growth factor-?1(TGF-?1). Then immunocytochemistry and Western blot technology were used to detect the ?-smooth muscle actin(?-SMA)expression and identificate the cell phenotype. Results In contrast to normal HTCF, IFN-?(10 ng/mL) inhibited the expression of ?-SMA(P

Objective To explore the characteristics of ischemia-reperfusion induced infant lung damage and the potential mechanisms of the injuried.Methods Both infant (15-21 days old) and adult (5-6 months old) rabbits were subjected to either ischemia-reperfusion or sham operation.Ischemia-reperfusion was induced by clamping the right pulmonary hilum for 1 hour and then removal of the clamp for 4 hours under anesthesia.The lung tissue were sampled for histological examination by light and electron microcopies and for biological evaluation of mitochondrial alterations.Production and expression of free radical species-hydroxyl radical (ROS-HR),malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX),myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD-88),and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the lung tissue were also examined.In addition,circulating levels of interleukin-β and tumor necrosis factor-α were measured during the ischemia-reperfusion process.Results In comparison to adult lungs,the infant lungs had more increased neutrophil infiltration,edema,swelled alveolar epithelial and endothelial cells,and severer mitochondrial impairment reflected by damage of the inner membrane as well as decrease in the membrane potential after ischemia-reperfusion.The lungs in infant animals subjected to sham operation displayed higher levels of ROS-HR and MDA and lower levels of SOD and GSH-PX than those in adult controls.The lungs in infants with ischemia-reperfusion were found to further produce more ROS-HR,and MDA,and less SOD and GSH-PX than the ischemia-reperfused adult lungs.Moreover,the circulating levels of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α were elevated during the period of ischemia-reperfusion,particularly in the infant animals,which appeared to be associated with the expression of MyD-88 and NF-κB in the lungs.Conclusion Lung ischemia-reperfusion causes more severe lung damage in infants than in adults,probably due to combination of low antioxidant capacity and overproduction of ROS in infants.

Objective To investigate the correlation between genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) and ulcerative colitis (UC) in Hubei Han population. Methods Genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 of 270 patients with UC (UC group) who were admitted to the Zhongnan Hospital, People's Hospital of Wuhan University, Tongji Hospital and Union Hospital of Huazhong University of Science and Technology from August 2002 to December 2009 and 623 healthy people ( control group) were detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction. All UC patients were allocated to distal UC group (n= 229) and extensive UC group (n =41 ) according to the location of the lesions; and all UC patients were also allocated to mild-moderate group (n = 237) and severe group (n = 33 ). The genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 of these patients and healthy people were detected by polymerase chain reaction. The genotypes of GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were also detected. GSTM1 and GSTT1 containing small DNA segments ( 157 bp and 480 bp) were defined as GSTM1 (+) and GSTT1 (+), otherwise, GSTM(-) and GSTT1 (-), respectively. All data were analyzed by chisquare test. Results The frequencies of GSTM1(-), GSTT1(-) and GSTP1 (Val/Val) were 70.7% (191/270),64.8% (175/270) and 48.9% (132/270) in the UC group, and 41.7% (260/623), 47.2% ( 294/623 ) and 34.3% (214/623) in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (x2 = 63. 404,22. 320, 25. 384, P ＜0.05 ). The frequencies of GSTT1 (-) and GSTP1 (Val/Val) were 71.6% (164/229) and 57.6% (132/229) in the distal UC group, which were significantly higher than 31.7% (13/41) and 29.3%( 12/41 ) in the extensive UC group ( x2 = 24.528, 9.609, P ＜ 0.05 ). The frequencies of GSTM1 (-) were 65.1%(149/229) in the distal UC group and 56.1% (23/41) in the extensive UC group, with no significant difference between the two groups ( x2 = 1. 210, P ＞ 0.05 ). The frequencies of GSTT1 (-) and GSTP1 ( Val/Val ) were 71.6%(164/229), 31.7% ( 13/41 ) in the distal UC group and 57.6% ( 132/229), 29.3% ( 12/41 ) in the extensive UC group, with a significant difference between the two groups ( x2 = 24. 528, 9. 609, P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no significant difference in the frequencies of GSTM1 (-), GSTT1 (-), GSTP1 (Val/Val) in the mild-moderate group and the severe group( x2 = 0. 623, 1. 884, 3. 403, P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusions Variant genotypes of GSTs are significantly correlated with UC in Hubei Han population. The severity of UC may not be correlated with variant genotypes of GSTs.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the dynamic changes of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and severity and complications of patients with multiple trauma at the early stage.Methods Among 97 patients with multiple trauma in Emergency Department of Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital between August 2015 and May 2016,12 patients were excluded as follows,(1) with burns or chemical injuries;(2) pregnancy or menopausal women;(3) had bacterial infection a week ago;(4) with chronic diseases.The other 85 patients with multiple traumas were classified into three categories according to the injury severity score (ISS).That is,the slight group (22 cases,9≤ ISS ＜ 15),moderate group (35 cases,15 ≤ ISS ＜ 25) and severe group (28 cases,ISS ≥ 25).Their venous blood samples were collected at 6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after trauma respectively,and the serum IL-1 β levels were measured using a specific immunoluminometric assays.The basal conditions including age,the hospitalization days and so on among these three groups were compared via ANOVA.The mean IL-1 β levels at above time intervals among three groups were compared.Finally,the relationship between the peak concentration of IL-1β and injury severity and complications was analyzed by multiple Logistic regression.Results (1) As the increasing severity of trauma,the patients with longer days of hospitalization and higher rate of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) The levels of IL-1 β in the moderate and severe groups were remarkably higher than those in the slight group (P ＜ 0.02).(3) The IL-1β levels in each group peaked at 6 hours after trauma and began to decline.(4) Multivariate logistic analysis showed that peak concentration of IL-1 β was still an independent predictor for injury severity (moderate group:odds ratio,1.21;95％ confidence interval:1.05-1.39,P =0.007;severe group:odds ratio,1.20;95％ confidence interval:1.03-1.40,P =0.019) and sepsis (odds ratio,1.28;95％ confidence interval:1.10-1.50,P =0.001),but had no significant association with MODS and trauma mortality even after controlling other risk factors.Conclusions The serum IL-1β at 6 hours after injury could be used as an early effective indicator to evaluate the injury severity and infectionrelated complications in patients with multiple trauma.

COVID-19 epidemic continues to spread around the world till these days, and it is urgent to develop more safe and effective new drugs. Due to the limited P3 biosafety laboratories for directly screening inhibitors of virulent viruses with high infectivity, it is necessary to develop rapid and efficient screening methods for viral proteases and other related targets. The main protease (M^pro), which plays a key role in the replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2, is highly conserved and has no homologous proteases in humans, making it an ideal target for drug development. From two different levels, namely, molecular level and cellular level, this paper summarizes the reported screening methods of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors through a variety of representative examples, expecting to provide references for further development of SARS-CoV-2 M^pro inhibitors.

As a common protease with high similarity among coronavirus species, the main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the catalytic hydrolysis of viral precursor proteins into functional proteins, which is essential for coronavirus replication and is one of the ideal targets for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral drugs. This paper reviews the main protease inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2, including their molecular structures, potencies and drug-like profiles, binding modes and structure-activity relationships, etc.

OBJECTIVETo explore operative clinical outcomes of proximal humeral fracture with rotator cuff tear in elderly patients.

METHODSFrom March 2010 to August 2014,54 elderly patients with proximal humeral fractures with rotator cuff tear were performed operation, including 30 males and 24 females aged from 68 to 83 years old with an average of 71.5 years old. Thirty patients were caused by falling down, 24 cases were caused by traffic accident. According to Neer classification, 3 cases were part I, 11 cases were part II, 21 cases were part III and 19 cases were part IV. All patients were operated with open reduction and plate internal fixation, 46 cases suffered from rotator cuff tear and carried out repair of rotator cuff; 8 cases were not suffered from rotator cuff tear. Postoperative Neer evaluation of shoulder's function were used to assess clinical results.

RESULTSForty-six patients with rotator cuff tear were followed up from 8 to 21 months with an average of 11 months. All fractures were obtained bone union. No incision infection, axillary nerve injury,loosening screw, plate breakage, shoulder joint dislocation and humeral head osteonecrosis were occurred. According to Neer evaluation of shoulder's function, total score was 88.60 ± 5.12, and 30 cases got excellent results, 7 cases good, 7 cases moderate and 2 cases poor.

CONCLUSIONFor osteoporotic proximal humeral fractures with rotator cuff tear in elderly patients' plate with rivet repair at stage I is an effective stable method, and provide advantages for earlier exercise of shoulder joint, then receive good clinical effects in further.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Rotator Cuff Injuries ; Shoulder Fractures ; diagnosis ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the nuclear ribosome DNA (nrDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of 4 Leonurus species, and the possibility of using them for molecular authentication of the crude drugs from the genus.

METHODSThe nrDNA ITS sequence (including ITS1, 5.8S rDNA, ITS2, and partial 18S rDNA and 26S rDNA) of L. japonicus and its 3 adulterant species were amplified and sequenced, and CLUSTRAL X and MEGA software was employed for analysis.

RESULTSThe variation of ITS1 and ITS2 between L. japonicus and its adulterant species ranged between 7.2% and 18.8% and between 14.2% and 27%, respectively. The phylogenic tree derived from the dendrograms based on the ITS sequence data contained some discrepancy from the traditional classification.

CONCLUSIONThe nrDNA ITS sequences can be used potentially as efficient markers for identification of L. japonicus and its adulterants, and further study is needed for studying the phylogeny of Leonurus.

DNA, Plant ; chemistry ; genetics ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; chemistry ; genetics ; Leonurus ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Species Specificity

Objective To summarize the surgical experience in robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,and to investigate the efficacy and safety of this surgery.Methods The clinical data of 12 patients who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in Changhai Hospital from March to July in 2012 were analyzed.All the patients were male and the age range was 43-66 years.In 4 cases the tumors were in the left kidney,and 8 in the right.In 7 cases the tumors were in the dorsal part of the kidney,and 2 in the ventral part.There were 3,5 and 4 cases in the upper,middle and lower pole of the kidney respectively.Preoperative GFR test was normal in all cases.Kidney CT scan showed the maximum diameters of the tumors were 2.0-5.8 cm,with an average of 3.3 cm.The pre-operative stages in all cases were T1N0M0.Results The surgery was successfully completed in all cases.The mean duration of the surgery was 160-310 min,with an average of 242 min.The blood loss was 30-300 ml,with an average of 135 ml,and the intraoperative blood transfusion was unnecessary.The warm ischemia time was 20-49 min,with an average of 31 min.There was no intraoperative morbidity,and no conversion to open surgery.The postoperative length of hospitalization was 9-31 d,with an average of 14 d.Gross hematuria arose in 1 patient at 1 week after the surgery.The post-operative pathology showed renal clear cell carcinoma with Furhman Grade Ⅱ in 11 cases,and renal angiomyolipoma in 1 case.The maximum diameters of the tumors were 2.0-5.0 cm,with an average of 3.5 cm.The tumor resection margin was negative in all cases.Conclusions Robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy is safe and effective for local renal tumors.This surgery has significant advantage over traditional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy,in terms of the resection of the renal tumors and the reconstruction of the kidney.

AIM:To investigate the expression and localization of autophagy related protein microtublule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) at various stages of follicular development and atresia in the mice.METHODS:On 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG),expression and positioning situation of autophagy related protein LC3 and apoptosis related protein cleaved caspase-3 were examined by the method of immunohistochemical staining.The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3 were determined by Western blot in cultured mouse granulosa cells after incubation under serum-free conditions in the absence or presence of FSH.LC3 subcellular localization in granulosa cells were studied by the method of immunofluorescence.RESULTS:The LC3 protein expressed in granulosa cells during all developmental stages mainly.Granulosa cells of atretic follicles that showed intense staining of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3.The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3 and LC3-Ⅱ in the granulosa cells significantly decreased at 1 d and 2 d after intraperitoneal injection of PMSG (P ＜ 0.05).The protein levels of cleaved caspase3 and LC3-Ⅱ in the granulosa cells increased in turn on 3,4 and 5 day after intraperitoneal injection of PMSG.The positive correlation between LC3-Ⅱ and cleaved caspase-3 protein levels was observed (r2 =0.8299,P ＜ 0.05).The LC3-Ⅱ protein expressed with punctuate structures in granulosa cell cytoplasm cultured under serum-free conditions in the presence of FSH.CONCLUSION:LC3 is expressed in the follicular granulosa cells with cell specificity and regional specificity.Autophagy is induced mainly in granulosa cells during folliculogenesis and shows positive correlation with apoptosis.Ovarian granulosa cell autophagy and apoptosis are gonadotropic hormone dependent.