AIM AND METHODSUsing double immunohistochemical method for Fos and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) to examine the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of adrenomedullin (AM) on catecholaminergic neurons and the expression of c-fos gene in rat brain nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation in order to define whether the effects of central administration of adrenomedullin (AM) were induced by activating the catecholaminergic neurons.

RESULTS(1) Following icy administration of AM (3 nmol/kg), Fos-like immunoreactivity neurons were markedly increased in several brain areas of the rat, including the brainstem, the hypothalamus and the forebrain. (2) Following icy administration of AM (3 nmol/kg), double-labeled neurons for Fos and TH increased significantly in the area postrema (AP), the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (PGL) and the locus coeruleus (LC). (3) Pretreatment with calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonism CGRP (8-37) (30 nmol/kg) significantly reduced the action of AM (3 nmol/kg) in the brain.

CONCLUSIONAM activates the nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation in the forebrain, the hypothalamus and the brainstem, and that the central actions of AM are induced by activating the catecholaminergic neurons of brainstem nuclei involved in cardiovascular regulation. CGRP receptor can mediate the effects of AM in brain.

Adrenomedullin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Brain Stem ; drug effects ; Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; Male ; Neurons ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Peptide Fragments ; metabolism ; Prosencephalon ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; metabolism

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Capsules ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hepatocytes ; pathology ; Liver ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

AIMTo investigate the effects of exogenous NO donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) on automaticity of the rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro and the action mechanism.

METHODSThe intracellular microelectrode technique is used to record the action potentials of rabbit sino-atrial node and APA (amplitude of AP), V(max) (maximal rate of depolarization), VDD (velocity of diastolic depolarization), RPF (rate of pacemaker firing) are analyzed.

RESULTSSNP(10(-5) - 10(-2) mol/L) increased its RPF and VDD dose-dependently. 10(-3) mol/L SNP increased RPF (beats/min) from 163 +/- 10.8 to 195.0 +/- 13.1 increased VDD (mV/s) from 50.3 +/- 9.6 to 70.2 +/- 12.1 (P < 0.01). SIN-1(10(-3) - 10(-2) mol/L) also increased RPF and VDD (P < 0.01).10(-4) mo/L Methylene blue (MB), a blocker of GMP cyclase, prevented the positive chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD induced by 10(-3) mol/L SNP totally (P < 0.01). 2. CsCl (2 mmol/L), a blocker of I(f) prevented the increasement of RPF and VDD in part (P < 0.05). 3. NIF (0.46 micromol/L), a blocker of I(Ca-L, had no significant effects on chronotropic effect and increasement of VDD (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExogenous NO can increase the automaticity of rabbit sino-atrial node in vitro. The chronotropic effect is involved in NO-cGMP pathway and results from increasement of I(f) in the sino-atrial node at least in part; I(ca-L) is unlikely to play a major role in this effect.

Action Potentials ; Animals ; Heart Rate ; Molsidomine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Sinoatrial Node ; drug effects ; physiology

Objective To study the effect of early care intervention on the myocarditis patients suffering from acute upper respiratory tract infection.Methods Totals of 78 patients were randomly divided into two groups,each with 39 cases.The control group received conventional care,while the intervention group received early nursing intervention on the basis of routine care.Results After two weeks,the total effective rate of the intervention group was 97.4％,higher than 87.2％ in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (Z =2.434,P ＜ 0.05).The cTnI and myocardial enzymes of the two groups were significantly decreased compared with before (P ＜ 0.05).And indicators of intervention group decreased significantly compared with that of the control group (t =4.189,3.289,3.260,3.488,respectively ; P ＜ 0.05).On the care evaluation,the total satisfaction of the control group was 84.6％ (33/39),which was lower the intervention group that was 97.4％ (Z =3.017,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early care intervention on the myocarditis patients suffering from acute upper respiratory tract infection has positive clinical value.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic efficiency of antiviral treatment with pegylated-interferon (Peg-IFN) for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and to explore whether liver histopathological features or other factors influence the HBeAg seroconversion treatment response.

METHODSEighty HBeAg-positive CHB patients with diagnosis confirmed by liver puncture were treated with Peg-IFN(2a or 2b)body weight dose, once weekly). At treatment week 48, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion was determined and used to analyze the influence of liver histopathological features (liver biopsy assessment of: inflammation, graded G0 to G4; fibrosis stage, graded S0 to S4), sex, age, differential levels (pre-treatment baseline vs. week 48 post-treatment) of serum alanine transferase (ALT), and HBV DNA, by binary logistic analysis.

RESULTSAt week 48, the overall rate of HBeAg seroconversion was 30.0%. The rate of HBeAg seroconversion gradually advanced with increased liver inflammation (X2 = 8.435, P = 0.015): 9.09% of the 22 patients with G1; 31.58% of the 38 patients with G2; 47.30% of the 19 patients with G3; the one patient with G4. In contrast, the rate of HBeAg seroconversion showed a much weaker association with liver fibrosis (X2 = 5.917, P = 0.116). Only baseline HBeAg level, and no other baseline index, was significantly different between the patients who achieved HBeAg seroconversion and those who did not. Liver inflammation and baseline HBeAg level were identified as influencing factors of HbeAg seroconversion in response to Peg-IFN treatment.

CONCLUSIONPeg-IFN therapy induces a higher rate of HBeAg seroconversion in HBeAg-positive CHB patients with severe liver inflammation; histological analysis of pre-treatment liver biopsies may help to identify patients most likely to benefit from the antiviral regimen.

Adult ; Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Polyethylene Glycols ; therapeutic use ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Serologic Tests

OBJECTIVETo explore whether PI3K/Akt/mdm2 signalling pathway affect the sensitivity of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cells to doxorubicin.

METHODSGastric cancer cell line SGC7901 cells were exposed to doxorubicin and specific PI3K inhibitor wortmannin. Cell apoptosis was detected using flow cytometry. PI3K activity was detected by radioactive immunoprecipitation-kinase assay. Western blotting was employed to evaluate the expressions of PI3K-p85, pAkt-S473, Akt, pmdm2-S166 and p53.

RESULTSThe level of apoptosis in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells treated with doxorubicin was gradually increasing. wortmannin enhanced its effects significantly. PI3K activity and the expression of pAkt-S473 increased in a time-dependent manner, pmdm2-S166, p53 were also increased wortmannin inhibited phosphorylation of mdm2 and improved the p53 expression.

CONCLUSIONPI3K/Akt/mdm2 signalling pathway can be activated by doxorubicin and suppress apoptosis by promoting phosphorylation of mdm2. PI3K inhibitor wortmannin can enhance sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy.

Androstadienes ; pharmacology ; Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Doxorubicin ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relation between body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (PBF) in Chinese adolescent, and to compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity using BMI or PBF standards.

METHODSBMI from 757 girls with an average aged of 10.1 years in the rural areas, 165 girls average aged 13.5 years in suburbs and 172 boys average aged 13.7 years in suburb of Beijing, were measured. Their body compositions were also measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).

RESULTSBMI was found closely correlated with PBF in each age group of rural and suburb girls and suburb boys with the correlation coefficient(r) of 0.59 - 0.83. When age, height and pubertal development were controlled, r became 0.54 - 0.88. The prevalence rates of obesity in rural girls, suburb girls and suburb boys were 33.1%, 21.8% and 21.5%, when PBF cutoff values (girls: PBF >or= 35%, boys: PBF >or= 25%) were used. However, the rates became 2.4%, 3.0% and 4.0% when BMI cutoff values of International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) were used. Compared with PBF cutoff values for obesity, the IOTF recommended BMI cutoff values had relatively lower sensitivity (7.3% - 18.9%) and higher specificity (100%).

CONCLUSIONBMI correlated well with PBF in Beijing adolescent. IOTF-BMI cutoff values showed low sensitivity and high specificity to Chinese adolescent which might be suitable for identifying obesity but not for the purpose of screening.

Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; physiology ; Age Factors ; Body Composition ; physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Multivariate Analysis ; Obesity ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Rural Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Suburban Population ; statistics & numerical data ; Urban Population ; statistics & numerical data

OBJECTIVETo explore immunoregulatory mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in H-2 haploidentical bone marrow cells transplantation mice.

METHODSBALB/c female mice irradiated with 8Gy 60Co gamma-rays were divided into two groups: MSCs group, infused cm-DiI labeled MSCs from female CB6F1 mice and monocytes from the bone marrow and spleen of male CB6F1; Control group, only infused monocytes from the bone marrow and spleen of male CB6F1. T-lymphocyte subpopulation of peripheral blood cells, T and B cells proliferation stimulated by ConA and LPS, mixed lymphocyte reaction between donor and recipient and third part, the sry-gene chimerism of bone marrow, spleen and thymus of the recipient, the distribution of MSCs in the recipient, the incidence rate of GVHD and survival were observed.

RESULTSThe CD3 at +90 d the percent of CD3+ CD4+ cells, and CD4/CD8 at +30 d in the MSCs group were higher than that in control post-transplantation, respectively (P < 0.05). The proliferation activity of B cells recovered more rapidly and that of T cells recovered comparably in MSCs group as compared with that in control group. The result of MLR between donor and recipient was lower in MSCs group than that in the control; and that between recipient and the third part had no difference. The sry-gene chimerism of bone marrow and spleen of the recipient was higher in MSCs group than in control at +30 d. The MSCs mainly distributed in intestine, thymus, bone marrow, liver, heart of the recipient after transplantation. The incidence of acute GVHD was higher and the survival rate was lower in MSCs group than that in control group (P < 0.05). Chronic GVHD occurred in the control group at +90 d, while in the MSCs group at +120 d.

CONCLUSIONSMSCs might improve stem cell engraftment, promote lymphocyte and humoral immunity recovery, decrease incidence of GVHD and increase survival by inducing specific immunologic tolerance and repairing organs injuries.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; immunology ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; immunology ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; immunology ; Male ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C

OBJECTIVETo establish a recombinant plasmid of CFP32 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in E. coli, and to analyze its antigenicity.

METHODSRv0577 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction from genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and then cloned into vector pMD18-T followed by the subclone into the expression vector pET21a. Recombinant CFP32 was expressed and purified. The antigenicity of the recombinant protein was analyzed by using Western-blot. The purified recombinant CFP32 protein was used as an antigen to screen the sera of 7 pulmonary TB patients (n = 97), as well as the other pulmonary disease patients (n = 25), and the clinically healthy controls (n = 38) by ELISA.

RESULTSRecombinant plasmid of CFP32 was established, and be expressed efficiently in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The relative molecular mass of the protein was about 300,000 by SDS-PAGE analysis. The protein purified by Ni-NTA was in a purity over 90%, which was confirmed by Western-blot analysis. ELISA analysis showed its sensitivity and specificity were 63.9% (62/97) and 96.8% (2/63) respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe recombinant expression plasmid pET21a CFP32 has been constructed and CFP32 proteins has been successfully expressed and be purified in E. coli and, ELISA analysis has identified the recombinant CFP32 as a candidate antigen for TB serodiagnosis.

Antigens, Bacterial ; blood ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Plasmids ; Recombinant Proteins ; Serologic Tests ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; diagnosis ; microbiology

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF) on murine thymocyte emigration and cell cycle alteration after a sublethal dose of gamma-irradiation. Female BALB/c mice were given 6.0 Gy γ-ray total body irradiation and then randomly divided into G-CSF and control groups. Mice in the G-CSF group were injected recombinant human G-CSF 100 µg/(kg·d) subcutaneously once daily for 14 consecutive days and mice in the control group were given the same volume of phosphate buffered solution. Thymocyte cycle alteration and the proportion of apoptosis cells were detected by flow cytometry within 72 hours after irradiation. Real-time PCR was used for detection and quantitation of murine T cell receptor rearrangement excision circles (sjTREC) of the thymic cells at 30 and 60 day after the irradiation. The results showed that at 6 hour after irradiation G-CSF could significantly increase the thymic cells in G(0)/G(1) phase, G-CSF vs control: (82.0 ± 5.0)% vs (75.9 ± 2.8)% (p < 0.05), and decrease the thymic cells in S phase, G-CSF vs control: (10.2 ± 4.8)% vs (15.7 ± 2.3)% (p < 0.05), but G-CSF seemed have no evident effects on the percentage of thymic cells in G(2)/M phase. G-CSF could also protect thymocytes from apoptosis at 6 hour and 12 hour after irradiation the percentages of apoptosis cells in G-CSF group were (11.5 ± 2.4)% and (15.5 ± 3.3)%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control group (16.5 ± 2.2)% and (22.6 ± 0.7)%, respectively (p < 0.05). The sjTREC copy amount was conspicuously higher in G-CSF group than that in the control at 30 day after irradiation (p < 0.01), but the preponderance disappeared 60 days later. It is concluded that G-CSF has a positive effect on the thymic cell cycle alteration to protect thymocytes from apoptosis and enhance the recent thymocyte emigration, which may contribute to the central immune reconstitution after irradiation.
Animals ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; Female ; Gamma Rays ; adverse effects ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Thymocytes ; drug effects ; radiation effects