BACKGROUND:Open reduction is general y not advocated for the treatment of children clavicle fracture, because the thick and tough periosteum remains intact and attached by the ligament attachment. In clinic, twin-ring external fixation and simple suspension are commonly used, but there is no reliable basis on which method can get better effect.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the stability of twin-ring external fixation and simple suspension for the treatment of children clavicle fracture.
METHODS:The patients with children clavicle fracture and treated by twin-ring external fixation and simple suspension were selected from June 2008 to December 2012, including 17 patients treated with simple suspension and 22 patients treated with twin-ring external fixation. The X-ray film examination was performed regularly to observe the fracture healing and shoulder function.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 17 patients treated with simple suspension had good healing;three cases had gap between fracture ends at 1 week after treatment, and re-suspension to increase the height and final y two fracture ends contacted in one case;for the other two cases, there was stil gap between fracture ends, and changed for twin-ring external fixation, the fracture ends contacted. Al the 22 patients in the twin-ring external fixation group obtained healing;five cases had performance of upper extremity neurovascular compression on the fracture side after fixation;after releasing, three cases had recovery, and two cases were treated with simple suspension, the fracture ends began to contact;six cases had armpit redness;four cases had early sleep difficulties;two cases had gap between fracture ends at 1 week after treatment, and after re-adjust, the fracture ends contacted in two cases. The results showed both two methods could not cause appearance deformity, and both could get healing. The simple suspension fixation is easy to operate with reliable effect, and it is comfortable which make it easy to accept by the children, it has the advantages of early for functional exercise, less tissue damage, does not affect the blood supply;the twin-ring external fixation is easy to compress the axil ary arteries and nerves on both sides, thus resulting in upper extremity swel ing, numbness and skin redness, and it can cause discomfort night sleeping and poor comfort which is not easy for children to accept. But, no matter what method we take, the review after 1 week, as wel as the line between proximal and distal part and the contact between fracture ends is stil important.

This device is composed of dissolving bucket,magnetic pump,four-passage valve,heater, stirrer,filter,speed-changing equipment,dividedfilling controller and etc.It can be used for preparing and filling various liquid medicament,such as oral or external-use solution,colloid,emulsion and suspension. The proposed device is highly automatic and efficient.Time and labour saving,simple and safe.Moreover, its performance is reliable and stable,and the working capacity is large.

The assessments of oocyte quality were usually needed in assisted reproductive technology and reproduction science.Based upon the changes of structure and biochemistry in the development of oocyte,assessments of oocyte quality mainly comprised the oocyte morphology and its maturity.The assessment method of oocyte quality from nondestructive manner and invasive technique to provide multi-pathway for evaluating the oocyte quality reasonable was discussed.

Objective To investigate the changes of interleukin(IL)-2 and interferon(IFN)-γin serum and synovial fluid of patients with joint injure with Kashin-Beck disease(KBD), and study the roles of IL-2 and IFN-γ in KBD joint injure. Methods In accordance with the "Diagnostic Criteria of Kashin-Beck disease"(GB16003-1995),48 cases of KBD patients and 26 healthy people(control group) from KBD endemic area in Long county Shaanxi province were enrolled in the study. KBD patient were 24 males and 24 females, respectively, aged 40 to 65 years (mean age 51 years). Forty-eight serum specimens and 28 synovial fluid specimens of patients(14 males and 14 females,respectively) were collected. Healthy control group were 13 males and 13 females, respectively. Twenty-six serum specimens of healthy controls were collected. Serum and synovial fluid IL-2 and IFN-γ levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results In healthy controls and KBD patients, the midian of serum IL-2 were 46.8 ng/L and 55.7 ng/L, respectively, and IFN-γ were 52.3 ng/L and 48.8 ng/L, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant between healthy controls and KBD patients(t = 0.62, 0.70, all P ＞ 0.05).In synovial fluid of KBD patient, the midian of IL-2 and IFN-γwere 48.3 ng/L and 44.1 ng/L, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant between serum and synovial fluid in KBD patients(t = 0.69, 1.72, all P ＞0.05). Conclusion Serum and synovial fluid IL-2 and IFN-γare not significantly increased in KBD patients with articular damage, indicating that IL-2 and IFN-γare not involved in KBD joint injury.

Ferula sinkiangensis K.M. Shen is a kind of endangered national plant medicine in the northern of Xinjiang,China. It mainly contains sesquiterpene coumarins,sulfides,polysaccharides,aromatic compounds and other effective chemical constitu-tions;Chromatography is used to build the fingerprint and to control the medicine quality in most cases. Both raw plant medicine and specific compounds possess pharmacologic activities such as antibacterial,insecticidal,anti-allergic,and antitumor properties. The present paper summarizes the resource distribution,chemical constituents,fingerprints and pharmacological activities of F. sinkian-gensis,to provide reference for its systematic research,effective quality control and efficient development and utilization.

Background It is determined that riboflavin/ultraviolet A (UVA)-induced corneal collagen crosslinking is able to increase resistance of cornea against enzymatic digestion and has antimicrobial efficacy for various kinds of bacteria in vitro.However,its in vivo study is less now.Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of iontophoresis-mediated corneal collagen crosslinking combined with or without drugs for Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.Methods Bacterial keratitis models were induced by the interstromaly injection of Staphylococcus aureus suspension with concentration 2× 109/ml in the right eyes of 40 rabbits,and then the rabbits were randomly classified into the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group,riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group and drugs+ crosslinking group.The smearing of corneal surface was performed for the identification of bacteria 24 hours after injection.Iontophoresis-mediated riboflavin/UVA crosslinking was applied on the eyes of the riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group and drugs+crosslinking group,and gatifloxacin eye drops was topically used 7 times per day on the eyes of the gatifloxacin eye drops group and drugs+crosslinking group.The corneal inflammation was examined and graded under the slit lamp biomicroscope before and after treatment.Ocular anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT),corneal histopathology and ultrastructure were examined 14 days after treatment.The living environment of the experimental animals was maintained at 21 ℃ with a 12-hour light and dark cycle.Animals used in this study were treated in accordance with the Weifang Medical College Animal Experimentation Ethic Committee (AEEC) guidelines.The study protocol was approved by the AEEC.Results Corneal inflammation and ulcer were observed,but no significant difference was found in the inflammatory grade among the 4 groups 24 hours after injection (x2=0.293,P＞0.05).In the 14th day after injection,the corneal ulcer area was smaller and corneal edema was milder in the drugs+crosslinking group compared with the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group and riboflavin/ UVA corneal crosslinking group,showing a significant difference in the inflammatory grade among them (x2 =38.710,P＜0.001).The cornea thickness values of ulcer zone were (428.1 ± 146.2) μm on the 14th postinjected day in the drugs+crosslinking group,which was evidently higher than those in the model group,gatifloxacin eye drops group and riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking group,with a significant difference among the 4 groups (F =8.310,P＜0.001).A lower degree of destruction of cornea collagen and less inflammatory cells were seen in the cornea tissue of the drugs+ crosslinking group by haematoxylin and eosin staining in comparison with other 3 groups,and normal keratocytes were much more in the drugs + crosslinking group than those in other treated groups.Conclusions Iontophoresismediated corneal collagen crosslinking can alleviate Staphylococcus aureus keratitis.The combination of crosslinking with drugs has a better effectiveness than the administration of gatifloxacin eye drops only or riboflavin/UVA corneal crosslinking only.

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Objective To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia induced by endovascular cooling with heating exchange catheters on severe traumatic brain injury in patients. Methods Twenty patients with severe traumatic brain injury aged 18-60 yr were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10 each):ice bay cooling group (group IBC) and endovascular cooling group (group EVC).The state of consciousness was scored on a Glasgow coma scale (GCS).The patients had GCS scores of 3-8. The patients underwent emergency surgery.A probe of intracranial pressure monitor was placed during operation.In group EVC intravascular heat exchange catheters were inserted via femoral vein and connected to intravascular heat exchange system (CoolGard 3000, Alsius, USA). In group EVC body temperature was reduced to 34℃ and maintained at this level for 48 h. MAP, HR, body temperature and intracranial pressure (ICP) were continuously monitored and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated. Blood samples were taken from peripheral vein for determination of serum concentrations of neuron specific enolase (NSE), myelin basic protein (MBP) and S-100B (by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and GCS scores were assessed at 10 min before (baseline) and 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after operation. The state of consciousness was again assessed 3 months after operation and scored on Glasgrow outcome scale(GOS). Results ICP was significantly lower and CPP was higher after operation in group EVC than in group IBC. Serum concentrations of NSE, MBP and S-100B were significantly lower after operation in group EVC than in group IBC. Conclusion Mild hypothermia induced by endovascular cooling with heating exchange catheters can effectively reduce severe traumatic brain injury in patients.

Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) , a chronic progres-sive disease, threatens human health seriously. An increasing number of studies have shown that gut flora dysbiosis plays an important role in the development of ALD. Intestinal microbiota maintains a steady state under normal conditions, regulating gut flora normal physiological function. However, chronic alcohol consumption produces intestinal bacteria overgrowth and dysbio-sis, including the alteration of the composition of intestinal mi-croflora, the increment of gut permeability and bacterial translo-cation. Subsequently, the host immune is activated, promoting the production of inflammatory cytokines in liver, which plays a central role in the development of ALD. Notably, the supple-ment of prebiotics or probiotics reverses the intestinal flora disor-der,ameliorating the clinical symptoms effectively in ALD pa-tients. The evidence impies that the modulation of dysbiosis may be effective in the prevention and treatment of ALD. This review summarizes the research progress on the mechanism of the devel-opment of dysbiosis-mediated ALD, to provide a theoretical basis for the research on intestinal flora and ALD.

Objective To investigate the effects of different BIS values on postoperative cogni-tive dysfunction (POCD)and S100βprotein(S100β)in the early stage of postoperation.Methods Fifty patients who were scheduled for selective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia (male 34 cases, female 1 6 cases,aged 65 to 75 years,ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ)were randomly divided into two groups:light anesthesia group (group L,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 50 to 59)and deep anesthesia group (group D,n =25,BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39).BP,HR,SpO 2 ,ECG,PET CO 2 ,inhaled anes-thetic concentration and BIS values were recorded on time points of 5 minutes after the patients ente-ring the operating room (T0 ),before endotracheal (T1 ),intubation (T2 ),incision (T3 ),two hours after incision (T4 ),three hours after incision (T5 )and at the end of surgery (T6 ).The procedure du-ration,anesthesia time,dosages of propofol,fentanyl,midazolam and VAS scores on 1 d after sur-gery were also recorded.Blood samples were collected on time points of 10 min before anesthesia,im-mediately after surgery and 24,48 h after operation.S100β concentration were detected.Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE)score and Trail Making Test (TMT)completion time were recorded on 1 d before surgery and 1,3,7 d after surgery.Results BIS value of group D were lower than group L on T2 ,T3 and T4 .The propofol dosage of group D was significantly greater than that in group L (P <0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100βincreased significantly immediate and 48 h after operation in both groups compared with 10 min before anesthesia(P < 0.05).It was still higher 24 hours after op-eration than before anesthesia.But there was no statistic difference.Compared with the end of surger-y,the concentration of serum S100βin two groups on 24 h after surgery were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 ).The concentration of serum S100β in group L on the end of surgery and 24 h after surgery were higher than that in group D significantly (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery, postoperative 1 d MMSE scores in two groups and postoperative 3 d MMSE score in group L de-creased significantly (P <0.01).Compared with postoperative 3 d,postoperative 7 d MMSE score in group L increased significantly (P <0.01).Postoperative 1,3 d MMSE score in group D were signifi-cantly higher than group L (P <0.05).Compared with 1 d before surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 1 d after surgery were significantly prolonged (P <0.01 ).Compared with 1 d after surgery,TMT completion time in two groups on 3 d after surgery were significantly shortened (P <0.01).Compared with 3 d after surgery,TMT completion time in group L on 7 d after surgery was significantly shortened (P <0.01 ).TMT completion time in group D on 1,3 d postoperative were significantly shorter than group L (P <0.05).POCD incidence of group D on 1 d after surgery was lower than that in group L (P < 0.05).Conclusion Different depth of anesthesia can ensure hemo-dynamic balance in old patients during surgery and after surgery.When BIS value was maintained at 30 to 39,it had lower S100βprotein levels,lower incidence of early POCD and a lesser degree of post-operative cognitive dysfunction.