Although premature ejaculation (PE) is a common type of male sexual dysfunction, to date we lack a unified definition of PE. The multidimensional definition of PE has been accepted by more and more clinicians. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) is one of the three important dimensions (time to ejaculation, inability to control or delay ejaculation, and negative consequences) for defining PE. Rapid ejaculation is one of the core symptoms of PE and IELT is an objective measurement as well as an important tool for the evaluation of PE. This article reviews estimated IELT, stopwatch-measured IELT, the correlation between estimated and stopwatch-measured IELT, and the factors affecting IELT in the general male population, PE patients, and those complaining of PE.
Coitus ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Reaction Time ; physiology ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the employment status of higher vocational medical col-lege graduates in Hainan province, analyze the existing employment problems, and put forward some effective suggestions. Methods A questionnaire was applied to survey the employment problems of 1 048 medical graduate in 11 medical related field of Grade 2012. A total of 989 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaires covered six aspects including graduates' basic information, their employment intention, access to employment information channel, service and satisfaction about school employment agencies, and employment psychology etc. SPSS 13.0 was used to analyze the statistical numbers in each option and the percentage was calculated. Results Only 22.9%(227/989) of the graduates were willing to accept the provincial employment, 49.1%(486/989) of the graduates obtained employment information channels through the school employment sector; 10.6%(105/989) of gradu-ates expressed dissatisfaction with employment services; graduates' entrepreneurial intention reached 26.9%(267/989); only 19.8% of graduates signed employment agreement, and 25.1%(248/989) of gradu-ates face the employment with anxiety and confusion. Conclusion The higher vocational medi-cal graduates in Hainan provinces need to change their employment concept and school employment guidance needs strengthening to link up the employer position requirements and expectations of grad-uates employment. Besides, the school enrollment professional settings and employment market demand also need to be linked up, to guarantee the system interface between career guidance, internship and training base.

Objective To discuss the newrborn ARDS first time blood gas analysis characteristic.and the clinical significance. Methods Application blood gas analysis and PaO2/PAO2,QS/QT,PaO2/FiO2,A-ac-DO2,RI and so on many indexes of blood gas analysis,to 2001～2005 year period were hospitalized in my courtyard NICU makes clear diagnoses the ARDS parallel breath machine treatment 20 examples trouble carries on monitors. Results First time when blood gas analysis 60% trouble prompt low oxygen blood sickness (PaO2＜50 mm Hg).Parameter the and so on RI,QS/QT,A-acDO2,PaCO2/FiCO2,PaCO2/PaO2 values separately were:3.32±4.18,10±9.85,149.06±159.54,94.96±50.47,0.12±0.05. 72 hours ventilation after the breath machine. Conclusion Carries on the clinical appraisal using these targets to ARDS, to early strives for the breath machine treatment,the judgement condition and estimates pre-after has the vital significance.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of antibiotics in patients with AECOPD. METHODS:The patho-gen distribution and antibiotics use of AECOPD patients was analyzed in respiratory department of our hospital during 2014-2015. The infection site,pathogen distribution and antibiotics use(including medication purpose,drug name,usage,dosage,medication duration,route of administration,drug combination),infection and compliance were investigated and analyzed statistically. RE-SULTS:Among 967 AECOPD patients,there were 619 cases of positive sputum culture(64.01%). A total of 774 strains were iso-lated,including 542 strains of Gram-negative bacterial (70.03%) and 232 strains of Gram-positive bacterial (29.97%);most of them were Pseudomonas aeruginosa(207 strains,26.72%). 765 patients were treated with antibiotics,and utilization ratio of an-tibiotics was 79.11%. 276 cases were treated with one kinds of antibiotics (36.08%),435 treated with 2 kinds of antibiotics (56.86%)and 54 treated with 3 kinds of antibiotics and above(7.06%). Top 3 drugs in the list of frequency were Levofloxacin injection(455 cases/times,47.05%),Moxifloxacin injection(241 cases/times,24.92%)and Cefmetazole for injection(192 cas-es/times,19.86%). Top 3 drug combination regimen were Cefmetazole for injection+Levofloxacin injection (107 cases/times, 21.88%),Cefoxitin for injection+Levofloxacin injection(96 cases/times,19.63%)and Moxalactam for injection+Levofloxacin in-jection(65 cases/times,13.29%). CONCLUSIONS:Anti-infective therapy regimen of AECOPD patients should be formulated ac-cording to relevant guideline,and pathogenic factors of infection are analyzed. Great importance should be attached to reasonable, scientific,safe and standard use of antibiotics,etiological examination;pathogenic bacteria culture and drug sensitivity test should be conducted as soon as possible. So as to obtain better therapeutic efficacy and reduce the generation of drug-resistant strain.

Objective To study the contents and distribution characteristics of trace elements in Chrysanthemum morifolium from different areas. Methods The contents of 13 trace elements in six samples of Chrysanthemum morifolium were determined by ICP-OES. The principal component analysis combined with SPSS 19. 0 software was applied to evaluate charac-teristics of elements Results Curves of trace element content of Chrysanthemum morifolium from different origins had a certain similarity. The contents of Fe, Zn and Mn were higher than others. The results of principal component analysis showed that five principal components were extracted from six samples of Chrysanthemum morifolium, and Cd, Cu, Zn, Ba and Co was the characteristic trace elements. Conclusion The contents and distribution of trace elements can reflect the characteristics of Chrysanthemum morifolium from different areas, which could be used for Chrysanthemum morifolium quality assessment and classification.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and cortex activation of fMRI in the aged volunteers during the performance of visuospatial tasks. Methods Visuospatial tasks were conducted in 11 normal aged volunteers. The fMRI data was postprocessed using SPM99 to reveal the activated cortex.Results The visuospatial tasks were fulfilled satisfactorily in all aged subjects. Cortex around the left intraparietal sulcus, dorsolateral cortex in the left prefrontal lobe and bilateral occipital lobes showed activation. We found a selective enhancement of fMRI signal in the left superior parietal lobule. Conclusion FMRI tasks are feasible in the aged people and the left superior parietal lobule is the specific in the visuospatial information processing.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical and MRI features of multiple sclerosis in children,including the clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) and relapse.MethodsIn total,16 cases of pediatric multiple sclerosis were included in this study.Of them,11 patients were female and 5 were male,with the mean onset age of 10.1 years.They were followed up for 4 months to 7 years and found to have 1-5 relapses.The clinical manifestations of CIS and relapse were analyzed by a pediatric neurologist.An experienced neuroradiologist reviewed the MRI images of CIS and relapse.Information on the location,size,and pattern of the lesions was gathered.The location of lesions included subcortical,central,and periventricular white matter,cortex,deep gray matter,brain stem,and cerebellum.ResultsCIS episode presented acute onsets in 13/16 cases,with symptoms of cortice in 10 cases and visual impairment in 6 cases.Relapse occurred in 14/16 cases within one year.The incidence of symptoms of cortice was less frequent and severe in the second episode of MS,whereas the visual impairment had a high incidence.All patients had full recovery after the last episode.MRI of CIS showed confluent subcortical white matter lesions in 13/16 cases,abutting on central white matter lesions.The most frequently involved brain part was the frontal lobe,followed by the parietal lobe.Cortical involvement was observed in 9/16 cases.In 6 cases,periventricular white matter lesions were detected.Bilateral deep gray matter was abnormal in 4 cases.Other abnormalities included brain stem lesions in 5 cases,cerebellum lesions in 3 cases,optic nerve involvement in 3 cases,and pyramidal tract lesions in 2 cases.MRI of relapse revealed more small lesions in the subcortial and periventricular white matter in the patients.In the second episode,only 2 cases presented cortical involvement.Lesions were found in the brain stem in 4 cases and in the cerebellum in 5 cases.Pyramidal tract involvement was identified in 6 cases,serving as “railway track sign”.ConclusionsCIS in children is characterized by large confluent lesions in subcortical white matter coalescing with central white matter.MRI of relapse showed distinctive “railway track sign”.It is important to integrate MRI and clinical features in the diagnosis of pediatric multiple sclerosis.

Study on sepia effect on NK cells killing activity and inhibit tumor growth in the load tumor mice, normal and load tumor mice were poured into sepia through mouth, examining on activity of NK cells and lasted time of it . Through pathological diagnosis of tumor tissues and NK cells killing activity for load tumor mice judge effect on sepia . The results showed that the sepia can increase spleen cells function of natural killer cells and it can last 7 days , and prompt tumor tissues large area necrosis and inflammatory cells infiltration. To compared them with control groups, it is obvious that the sepia can inhibit tumor growth and to increase activity of NK cells.

ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 ; metabolism ; Aged ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Interferon Regulatory Factors ; metabolism ; Ki-67 Antigen ; metabolism ; Male ; Nasal Cavity ; Nose Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology ; Plasmacytoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; virology

Objective:To know the situation of continuing education for the hospital pharmacists in partial medical institutions of Guizhou province. Methods:An acquired questionnaire was designed and the investigation on partial hospital pharmacists in 91 medi-cal institutions was obtained, the times of participating in different medical conferences and continuing education programs in a year were recorded, and the interested continuing education programs were analyzed. Results:Totally 121 copies of questionnaires showed that 85. 95% hospital pharmacists had less than 5 times of participating in different kinds of medical conferences in a year, and less than 5 continuing education programs were held in 76. 03% medical institutions. The continuing education programs pharmacists inter-ested in were clinical pharmacy, clinical pharmacist training, pharmaceutical affairs management, basic knowledge, technology and practice training, and at the same time, 60 copies of questionnaire showed that there was a clinical pharmacist training plan in their hospital. Conclusion:The level of continuing education for the hospital pharmacists in Guizhou province is still low, and further edu-cation chances for the pharmacists are lacking. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the continuing education chances for the hospital pharmacists in Guizhou province and enhance the education level in order to improve the level of pharmaceutical care.