Although premature ejaculation (PE) is a common type of male sexual dysfunction, to date we lack a unified definition of PE. The multidimensional definition of PE has been accepted by more and more clinicians. Intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT) is one of the three important dimensions (time to ejaculation, inability to control or delay ejaculation, and negative consequences) for defining PE. Rapid ejaculation is one of the core symptoms of PE and IELT is an objective measurement as well as an important tool for the evaluation of PE. This article reviews estimated IELT, stopwatch-measured IELT, the correlation between estimated and stopwatch-measured IELT, and the factors affecting IELT in the general male population, PE patients, and those complaining of PE.
Coitus ; Ejaculation ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Premature Ejaculation ; etiology ; physiopathology ; Reaction Time ; physiology ; Time Factors

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome

Objective To study the changes of pulmonary function in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Sixty patients with active RA were divided into low lung function group and normal lung function group by detecting their pulmonary function.The clinical symptoms and signs,laboratory indicators,health index(HAQ) score,disease activity score(DAS-28) and regulate T-cells(Treg) were observed.Results In 60 patients with active RA,42 cases(70%) were lower lung function and 18 cases(30%) were normal lung function.Compared with normal lung function group,Hb of low lung function group significantly lowered(P

OBJECTIVE:To compare therapeutic efficacy and safety of lobaplatin or cisplatin combined with tegafur,gimeracil and oteracil potassium in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer.METHODS:A total of 160 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer were randomly divided into observation group and control group,with 80 cases in each group.Control group was given Cisplatin injection 30 mg/m2 intravenously,every 3 weeks Tegafur,Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium capsules 50 mg orally after meal,twice a day,for consecutive 14 days.Observation group was given Lobaplatin for injection 30 mg/m2 intravenously,every 3 weeks+Tegafur,Gimeracil and Oteracil Potassium capsules (same usage and dosage as control group),every 3 weeks.A treatment course lasted for 3 weeks,and both groups received 2 courses.Short-term efficacies (ORR、DCR),chemotherapy effects of lymph node,lung,bone and liver,ADR and long-term efficacy were compared between 2 groups.RESULTS:After treatment,ORR(67.50％ vs.46.25％),DCR(85.00％ vs.66.25％),ORR of lymph node metastasis (71.43％ vs.47.83％),ORR of lung metastasis (60.71％ vs.40.00％),DCR of lung metastasis (78.57％ vs.56.00％),ORR of bone metastasis (28.57％ vs.16.67％),1-year survival rates (75.00％ vs.52.50％) and 2-years survival rates (42.50％ vs.17.50％) of observation group were significantly higher than control group;the incidence of chemotherapy ADR in observation group was significantly lower than control group (43.75％ vs.70.00％),with statistical significance (P＜0.05).There was no statistical significance in lymph node metastasis DCR,bone tissue metastasis DCR,liver metastasis ORR and DCR,or half year sarvival rate between 2 groups (P＞0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Compared to cisplatin combined with tegafur,gimeracil and oteracil potassium,lobaplatin combined with tegafur,gimeracil and oteracil potassium show better short-term therapeutic efficacy,therapeutic efficacy of lymph node metastasis,bone metastasis and lung metastasis,more than 1-year long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety in the treatment of advanced metastatic breast cancer.

Objective To detect the level of nitric oxide (NO) and amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of epilepsy children in different time. Methods The level of NO and amino acids in cerebrospinal fluid and serum of epilepsy children in different time were determined with nitrate reductase and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorimetric detection. Results The level of NO2 - increased 30 min, 60 min, 120 min after seizures (P<0.01), but dropped to normal 180 min after seizures (P>0.05). The level of glutamate (Glu) significantly increased in all epilepsy groups (P<0.05). The level of glycine (Gly) dropped gradually in all epilepsy groups (P<0.05).Conclusion NO may participate in the generation of seizures and the injury process to brain. The imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory amino acids may play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The toxicity of excitatory amino acids may be the main injury to the brain.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of nickel-titanium(Ni-Ti) shape memory alloy embracing internal fixer on oblique or spiral fracture.Methods23 cases with spiral or oblique fracture accepted internal fixation with Ni-Ti shape memory alloy embracing.The time of bone healing,articular function,the appearance and function of the wound extremity were evaluated after 9～34 months follow-up.ResultsAll fractures healed in 4～16 weeks after operation.None infection,nonunion,embracing emersion or break had been found. The fine rate was 91.3%.ConclusionThe effect of Ni-Ti shape memory alloy embracing internal fixer on long spiral or long oblique fracture is satisfactory.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Graft vs Host Disease ; etiology ; prevention & control ; HLA Antigens ; immunology ; Haplotypes ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects ; methods ; Histocompatibility Testing ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; therapy ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; therapy ; Male ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; therapy ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetics of L-asparaginase loaded hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin liposome (AHL) in rats. Methods AHL was prepared by reverse evaporation method, and the entrapment rate, particle size, zeta potential and morphology of AHL were observed. Twelve SD rats were randomly divided into two groups. One group was injected with AHL, and the other group was injected with L-asparaginase (L-ASN). The blood samples were taken from infraorbital venous plexus, and the activity of L-ASN in the samples were determined and the activity-time curve was plotted. Main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by software DAS2.1.1. Results The average entrapment efficiency of AHL was (53.53±0.58)%, with an average particle size of (388.99±2.02) nm and an average zeta potential of (－8.56±0.75) mV. The pharmacokinetic parameters for AHL and L-ASN were: 0-48 h area under curve (198.79±9.15) U/(mL • h), (57.78±2.90) U/(mL • h); 0-48 h mean resident time (4.61±0.09) h, (2.09±0.05) h; peak concentration (32.32±1.33) U/mL, (26.82±1.38) U/mL; and time to peak (1.08±0.20) h, (0.10±0.04) h, respectively. The relative bioavailability of AHL was 344.05%. Conclusion AHL can improve the pharmacokinetics and enhance the bioavailability of L-ASN.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemopneumothorax ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paracentesis ; Thoracoscopy

Objective To assess the influence of atrial fibrillation on post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic transformation and functional prognosis in acute ischemic stroke patients within different time window.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and imaging data of patients of acute ischemic stroke with intravenous thrombolysis admitted from June 2009 to October 2013.According to onset-to-needle time,we divided patients into 3 groups and then assessed the effect of the comorbidity with atrial fibrillation on the occurrence of hemorrhagic transformation and favorable outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score≤2 at 90 days) after thrombolysis within different time window.Results A total of 345 patients were included in this study,among whom 101 (29.3％) were treated by intravenous thrombolysis within 3.0 h (≤3.0 h),157(45.5％) ＞3.0 h and≤4.5 h,87(25.2％) over 4.5 h(＞4.5 h).Atrial fibrillation was observed in 50.5％ (51/101) patients in ≤3.0 h group,37.6％ (59/157) in ＞3.0 h and≤4.5 h group and 40.2％ (35/87) in ＞ 4.5 h group (x2 =4.362,P =0.113).There were no statistically significant differences among these three groups about the rate of hemorrhagic transformation (hemorrhagic infarction:16.8％ (17/101),22.3％ (35/157),20.7％ (18/87),and parenchymal hematoma:5.0％ (5/101),10.2％ (16/157),10.3％ (9/87),x2 =4.278,P =0.370) and favorable outcome (51.5％ (52/101),53.5％ (84/ 157),47.1％ (41/87),x2 =0.913,P =0.633).Multivariate analysis demonstrated that atrial fibrillation was associated with hemorrhagic infarction for patients in ＞ 4.5 h group (OR =3.637,95％ CI 1.101-12.013,P =0.034),and the presence of atrial fibrillation independently predicted parenchymal hematoma for patients in ＞ 3.0 h and ≤4.5 h group (OR =3.757,95％ CI 1.133-12.457,P =0.030).There was no significant association between atrial fibrillation and favorable outcome at 90 days.Conclusions The presence of atrial fibrillation is not associated with the prognosis in thrombolytic patients.However,it enhanced the risk of parenchymal hematoma if patients were treated within the time window ＞ 3.0 h and ≤4.5h.