Objective To explore the feasibility and outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as a primary treatment modality long femoro-popliteal arterial occlusions in critical limb ischemia.Methods Ten cases with 10 lesions in their femoro-popliteal arterial occlusions were treated with PTA, and the symptoms, intraoperative and postoperative DSA characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Short-term follow-up were obtained in 8 cases. Results The technical success rate related to procedure was 90% and 12 stents were placed after PTA in femoro-popliteal arterial occlusions. One case was suffered fromamputa-lion due to development of compartment syndrome. The primary patency rate and recurrence rate of 12 months after procedure were 70% and 30% respectively. Conclusion Patients with critical limb ischemia could be beneficial from PTA in long femoro-popliteal arterial occlusions.

Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN)is a group of heterogeneous tumors originated from the peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. A revised system of classification, nomenclature and grading of NEN was proposed by the fourth edition of“World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system”in 2010. It apparently contributes to unify the method of classification, put an end of the confusion in nomenclature, standardize the grading system and predict the outcomes more accurately. With the combination of the results by immunohistochemical studies, pathologists should be in accordance with the requirements to make a diagnosis of NEN with accurate classification, grading and the pathological parameters essential to staging. Recently, new advances in NEN study put forward a new view in the classification and grading system that will lead to the updates of the diagnostic system after further studies on a large scale of samples.

Currently, some students place more emphasis on the pursuit of their individual values, but less on their social responsibilities. This can be attributed to the students themselves and the society as well. In order to develop their sense of social responsibilities, the article suggests that we should maintain proper guidance on their values,convert our concept of intellectual fostering and direct college students to participate in social practice.

Objective:To observe the effect of epalrestat on the heart rate variability in diabetes patients with silent myocardial is-chemia. Methods:Totally 60 patients were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group with 30 cases in each. The two groups were given insulin or other routine drugs to keep blood sugar under control, ARB or ACEI and CCB to bring high blood pres-sure down, and statins to regulate lipid and anti-platelet aggregation, and both groups were without the use of beta blockers. The treat-ment group was given epalrestat 50mg three times a day for 4 weeks additionally. The indices of FPG, 2hPG, HbA1c, SBP, DBP, T-CHOL, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and heart rate variability were observed after the treatment. Results: Compared with those before the treatment, the values of FPG, 2HPG, HbA1C, SBP, DBP, T-CHOL and LDL-c were decreased after the treatment in the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant (P <0.05), while the differences between the two groups were not obvious(P >0. 05). After the treatment, SDNN, SDANN, SDNNI, RMSSD, PNN50 and Mean HR in the treatment group were obviously im-proved, which were better than those in the control group (P<0.05). The adverse reactions in the two groups were similar (P<0. 05). Conclusion:Epalrestat can significantly improve HRV-related indicators in the diabetes patients with silent myocardial ischemi-a, which can reduce the risk of sudden death without significant adverse reactions in the combination with other drugs.

A new body surface projection method and a method of mapping with the H-C lead, based on the wave array transmission hypothesis of electrocardial solid field, are proposed. The results of mapping with the H-C lead in 31 cases of established chronic myocardial infarction were compared with those made synchronously with Wilson's lead and other limb leads.The present study demonstrated that mapping with the H-C lead had following three advantages: (1) the patterns of the left ventricular infarction were consistent with those of the Wilson's lead mapping; (2) the right border of the infarction outline was quite clear; (3) the configuration of the surface projection of the upper wall and diaphragmatic wall of both ventricular infarction, and the anterior, lateral and posterior wall of right ventricular infarction could be satisfactorily defined. Re-cults of the mapping with H-C lead in 31 cases also showed pseudo-infarction 12.9%, infarction involving right ventricle 35.5%, involving diaphragmatic wall 41.9%, and involving upper wall 45.2%. There were twenty two different patterns of surface mapping in 27 cases in this series.

Quality education calls for high quality teachers. The solemn mission of teachers requires them to possessgeneral inner qualities that meet the needs of the development of the era and the society. This paper first analyses thequality of the teacher from four aspects:ideal, personality, doing scholarly research and sentiment. And then analysesthe powerful educational function of the teacher's personality charm,its potential profoundness and characteristics. Thispaper uses vivid personal educational experience to illustrate the argument.

Objective In the study,the effect of berberine on Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) via oxidative stress was studied.Methods The DN model mice was administered with metformin (0.2g/kg),low-dose berberine (0.036 g/kg),middle-dose berberine (0.072g/kg) and high-dose berberine (0.144g/kg) for 8 weeks.After that,the fasting glucose,insulin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS),Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) 、Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4),24h urine protein,etc were measured.Results Berberine could significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose levels,increase the insulin production,and reduce the levels of 24 h urine protein,serum urea nitrogen,creatinine,improve SOD and Nrf2,decrease ROS,Keap1and NOX4.Conclusion Berberine has the protactive effects in DN mice via the Keap-Nrf2/ARE pathway,and middle/high-dose berberine was much better.The mechanism may be related to the alleviated of the oxidative stress.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the international drug registration for Chinese pharmaceutical enterprises.METHODS:Based on the requirements on drug registration in Europe and the USA,we expounded the validation on analytical procedures and put forward some concrete methods.RESULT & CONCLUSION:Validation of analytical procedures plays an important role both in quality control and international drug registrations,to which Chinese enterprises should given great attention.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the demands of medical staff for relevant medication knowledge in order to provide more targeted pharmaceutical service.METHODS:The consultation records in 2006 were collected and reviewed for an analysis in respect of classification of drugs and contents of consultation.RESULTS:Antimicrobials were most frequently consulted(27.87%).The chief contents in the drug consultation included common name and price of drugs,therapeutic regimen,dosage and administration,adverse reactions etc.CONCLUSION:Retrospective analysis of drug consultation revealed that medical staff should have the knowledge about therapeutic regimen and individuation treatment.Clinical pharmacists are expected to improve their rational drug use level by carrying out the corresponding work.

Objective: To discuss the better processing method of Cornu Cerrvi. Methods : We measured the content of water-soluble lixivium by means of sand-scorch. Results : The water-soluble components were not destroyed at the sand temperature of 170 to 180℃, the calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate and nitride were all in salt forms, and they could be solved in water and not be destroyed at high temperature. Conclusion : The assay of water-soluble lixivium and clinical experiment indicated that Cornu Cervi by sand-scorch was better than the raw one.