Objective To review the study on the risk factors and prognosis of laparoscopic cholecystectomy remedied by laparotomy. Methods Five hundred cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients in our hospital were collected as a research object ,using univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen and analyze laparotomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy ,and its prognosis. Results 500 cases of cholecys-tectomy patients were converted to laparotomy in a ratio of 4.2%. The independent risk factors contained BMI index,patients with history of abdominal surgery,patients with cholecystitis episodes,doctors clinical experience , patients with gallbladder wall thickness during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Twenty-one patients undergone laparotomy during laparoscopic cholecystectomy without severe complications. Conclusion Before laparoscopic cholecystectomy,physicians should analyze the following factors comprehensively in obesity,abdominal surgery, recurrent cholecystitis,gallbladder wall thickness,in order to determine the operating method and reduce the the rate from laparoscopic cholecystectomy to laparotomy.

11 plant pathogenic strains were isolated from the crown gall of Japanese cherry (Prunus xyroloensis)in Japanese cherry growing areas, such as Chixing. fenhua and Shenzhou counties of Zhejiang province. Ten ofthem were identified as Agrobacterium tumefaciens biotype 1 based on their morphological. physiological andbiochemical characterizations and bacterial protein SDS-PAGE test. The plate antagonistic assay and the potbiocontrol test indicated that the isolated strains of A tumefaciens biotype 1 were sensitive to the well-knownantagonistic bacterium , K84 strain. The K84 strain could inhabit the tumor production by the pathogenic satins.

Objective　To survey about the health status, the activity of daily living conditions and their influencing factors among the elderly in Anhui province, to provide the reference for the current health service system reform of China. Methods　1 424 older persons were selected by Cluster sampling and random sampling methods. The chronic diseases prevalence rate, the damage of ADL among the elderly were investigated. The main influencing factors related to the damage of ADL was analyzed by single and multiple variable logistic regression model. Results　The older persons with aging, lose fare or divorce, multiple chronic disease and smoking habit were at high risk to ADL damage, but physical exercise, high income and well health knowledge may be protective factors which can reduce the ADL damage rate. Different kind of chronic diseases played the different role in the ADL damage among the elderly. Conclusion　The conditions of ADL damage remains serious among the elderly and there are a lot of affected factors. How to find the effective preventive intervention for the elderly and put it into practice, improve their quality of health living are new social problems in china.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of naringin in Gongning Granule, Methods The sample was extracted with methyl and the chromatographic conditions were as follows: Kromasil C18 chromatographic column(250 mm?4.6 mm ,5 ?m)with a mobile phase of methyl and 1 %acetic acid (35.5 ∶64.5),the detection wavelength at 283 nm and the flow rate being 1.0mL?min-1. Results A linearity of naringin in Gongning Granule was obtained in the range of 0.0980 ?g to 0.980 ?g,r=0.9997 (n=6).The average recovery was 98.7 %and RSD=1.96 %(n=6). Conclusion This method is easy,sensitive and accurate for the determination of naringin in Gongning Granule.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin and ?-schizandrin in Jiangtang soft capsule. Methods The sample was extracted by methanol. The chromatographic conditions were: a gradient mobile phase of methanol-water(65: 35)within 0～20 rain and methanol-water(70: 30)within 20～80 min, the wavelength at 250 nm. Results A linear range of schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin and ?-schizandrin was within 0.71 ?g～3.53 ?g(r=0.99998, n=5), 0.19?g～0.95 ?g(r=0.99993, n=5)and 0.36?g～1.80?g(r=0.99997, n=5) and the average recoveries were 100.44%, 98.06% and 101.14% respectively. Conclusion This method is easy, sensitive, specific and accurate for the determination of schizandrin, deoxyschizandrin and ?-schizandrin in Jiangtang soft capsule.

AIM:To put forward the suggestions for standardizing the pharmacoeconomic research.METHODS:The background of formulation and main points of Canadian Guidelines for the Pharmacoeconomic Evaluation were introduced and its recent development was described.At the same time,we put forward our tentative plan about establishing Chinese guidelines for the pharmacoeconomic evaluation.RESULTS ＆ CONCLUSION:A series of guidelines for the pharmacoeconomic evaluation should be established,which is approved by departments of social safeguard,drug supervision and public health administration,to standardize the pharmacoeconomic research.The goverment should make corresponding policy publicized and make pharmacoeconomic evaluation connect with drug price,clinically rational drug use,catalog of classified management of drugs and catalog of drugs in medical insurance.A pharmacoeconomic framework,which conforms China's national conditions and is controlled by goverment,will established.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anthracosis ; blood ; Erythrocyte Indices ; Erythrocytes ; Hemoglobinometry ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Catfishes ; Ciguatera Poisoning ; Eggs ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery. Methods Thirty-six patients undergoing cervical spine surgery were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 18 each): propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia group (group C) and dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia group (group D). Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol and iv injection of fentanyl.After the consciousness disappeared, a laryngeal mask airway was placed and the patients were ventilated. In group D, dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg was injected over 10 min after the consciousness disappeared, followed by an infusion at a rate of 0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 until the end of surgery. In group C, the equal volume of normal saline was administered instead of dexmedetomidine. SEPs (P15-N20) amplitudes and latency were measured and recorded before dexmedetomidine administration and at 10 min of dexmedetomidine infusion. The no-elicitation of MEPs was recorded. Results Compared with group C, there was no significant difference in P15-N20 amplitudes and latency in group D. The no-elicitation rate of MEPs in two groups was 0. Conclusion Dexmedetomidine-propofol-fentanyl combined anesthesia does not affect SEPs and MEPs in patients undergoing cervical spine surgery.

Objective To investigate.the survival rates in a follow-up group of patient with primary liver cancer.Methods The follow-up data of new primary liver cancer cases between year 2001-2004 in Xuhui district was investigated.The age distribution of patients was described.Survival rate was analyzed with single and multiple Cox proportional hazards regression model,respectively.Results The age proportion distribution of patients showed double apexes with one in age 45～50 and another in age 70～75.The arithmetic mean of survival month was 16.4 with 95%CI 14.8～18.1 and median month was 6.9.It was no significance between male and female.Patients who had liver operation owned longer survival time,RR=0.315 5(95%CI 0.243 2～ 0.4093).The sutdy showed 5-year survival rate was 40.90%and 3.95%for patients with or without operation,respectively.It had no significant effect on survival time by gender,age and family history.Conclusion The screening test and intervention in high-risk people shall be done preferentially before peak age,so as to find primary liver cancer earlier,and the more patients can accept a suitable surgery care,the more they can obtain longer survival time.