ObjectiveTo observe the hereditary types and clinical characteristics of 137 patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) in Ningxia.MethodsOne hundred and thirty-seven patients with RP who diagnosed by the examinations of visual acuity, optometry, direct or indirect ophthalmoscope, visual field,optical coherence tomography (OCT) and electroretinogram were enrolled. The hereditary types and clinical characteristics were analyzed according to the family history and the results of ophthalmologic examinations.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-seven patients included 29 autosomal dominant RP (ADRP) patients from 8 families (7.4％), 16 autosomal recessive RP (ARRP) patients from 15 families (13. 9％), 10 X-linked RP (XLRP) from 3 families (2.8％), and 82 simplex RP (SRP) patients (75.9％).There were 15consanguineous marriage families out of 26 families with RP history (57.7 ％). The patients were classified as typical RP (102 patients, 74.5％) and atypical RP (35 patients, 25.5％). All the ADRP and XLRP patients showed typical clinical features of RP. Ten (62.5％) of ARRP patients and 53 (64.6％) of SRP patients had typical features of RP. Six (37.5％) of ARRP patients and 29 (35.4％) of SRP patients had atypical features of RP. Among atypical RP patients, 17 (48. 6％) patients were non-pigmented RP which including 3 patients were misdiagnosed as amblyopia during childhood. The logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (logMAR) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of ADRP patients was 1.04±0.51 at the age older than 51 years, while the BCVA of ARRP and XLRP patients were 0. 92+0. 61 and 1. 70±0. 02 respectively at 21 to 30 years of age. One hundred and twenty-three (89. 8%) patients suffered from varying degrees of myopia. OCT showed that the average thickness of macular fovea in ADRP patients was ( 185. 73 + 1. 23) μm at the age older than 51 years, while in ARRP and XLRP patients were (173. 21 ± 0. 98) and (170. 49+1. 15) μm respectively at 21 to 30 years of age. Conclusions ADRP and XLRP are typical RP. All atypical RP are ARRP and SRP. Non-pigmented RP are mainly seen in atypical RP which often misdiagnosed as amblyopia during childhood. The photoreceptors in macula are damaged in the early stage and the decline of visual acuity occurred at 21 to 30 years of age in patients with ARRP and XLRP. The ADRP patients has late slower decline of visual acuity and retain some visual acuity at the age older than 51 years.

Aim To study the effects of 9-(4-ethoxycarbonylphenoxy)-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro acridine (EDT) on free radical induced injury in primary cultured rat cortical neuron and cerebral ischemia in mice. Methods In primary rat cortical neuron, free radical injury model was established by 10 μmol*L-1 H2O2. The content of malondiadehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in cells were investigated. Chronic cerebral ischemia model was produced by occlusion of one carotid artery and pneumogastric nerve in mice. The step down test was adopted to investigate the effect of EDT on the memory impairment. The cerebra morphology and MDA, NO content and SOD activity in mice cerebra were detected. Results In primary rat cortical culture, 0.01-3 μmol*L-1 EDT concentration-dependently inhibited the formation of MDA and reduction of SOD activity induced by 10 μmol*L-1 H2O2. In chronic cerebral ischemia, EDT 2.5, 5 and 10 mg*kg-1 ig for 5 d greatly improved the memory impairment, reduced NO efflux and MDA content, while increased SOD activity in mice cerebra. Conclusion EDT was found to protect neurons from H2O2-induced neurotoxicity and inhibit chronic cerebral ischemia mediated injury and memory impairment in mice.

The use ofYang transforming Qi, Yin constituting the bodycan be used in the treatment of metastasis of breast cancer from pathogenesis transformation view. Based on literature, this article analyzed the theory of Yang transforming Qi, Yin constituting the body and its possible guidance to clinical practice. Then the article illustrated the application cases of this theory in the treatment of breast cancer metastasis.

Objective To investigate the expression of uPAR and VEGF-C in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its effect on the biological behavior of HCC. Methods The expression of uPAR and VEGF-C in liver tissue specimen of 33 patients with HCC was detected by immunohistochemical staining. Results The positive expression of uPAR and VEGF-C in HCC tissues was located in cytoplasma of cancer cells. The positive rates of uPAR and VEGF-C were 69.7 %(23/33) and 78.8 %(26/33) respectively in 33 cases of HCC. The expression rates of uPAR and VEGF-C were significantly higher in HCC with metastasis than in HCC without metastasis(P<0.05). But there were not significant correlation between the expression of uPAR or VEGF-C and tumor size, tumor grade, AFP level, hepatic cirrhosis. There was a close correlation between uPAR and VEGF-C in HCC(r=0.676, P<0.01). Conclusion The expression of uPAR and VEGF-C is correlated with metastasis, uPAR and VEGF-C may be signs of aggressive phenotype for evaluating treatment and prognosis of HCC. Examination of these two proteins may be helpful to .judge biological behavior of HCC.

Objective] Summarize the experience of diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis by Gu ’s surgery department. [Method] By collecting medical records, from the teachers, pathogenesis, to summarize the inheritance and development of diagnosis and treatment of plasma cell mastitis by Gu ’s surgery department three generations, according to the present situation, analysis of the problems existing in the treatment of the disease. [Results] The disease was first discovered and reported by Dr.Gu Bohua in the domestic.Gu’s surgery department gradually gropes for a set of solution method in treatment of plasma cell mastitis after three generations from the treatment based on the external therapies in the initial, to later, internal and external therapies, at present based on the internal therapies. Clinical studies have found that the internal and external therapies have advantages of high cure rate, short treatment time, but the scar is larger, while the internal therapies in the long treatment cycle achieve the same cure rate, but the scar is smaller, less expensive. But the exploration of the cause of the disease, diagnosis and standardized treatment is still fraught with problems. [Conclusion]Developing by three generations, Gu ’s surgery department provides a more complete mentality and pragmatic value in treating plasma cell mastitis.

Objective To review the advancement of heat shock protein 70(HSP70) vaccine in alimentary canal cancer.Methods Related articles were reviewed.Results HSP70 can integrate with tumor special antigen to form HSP70 polypeptide compound.To activate the special and nonspecial immune response of body,HSP70 can participate in the process of tumor immunity as a "molecular partner".Conclusion HSP70 has shown alluring perspective in the precaution and treatment of alimentary canal cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the manifestation characteristics of shenmai injection-induced ADRs.METHODS:Shenmai injection-induced ADR cases reported in the internal pharmaceutical journals retrieved from1994to2004were collected and analyzed statistically.RESULTS:The ADRs induced by shenmai injection were independent of patient's sex and age;Its chief clinical manifestation was allergic reactions,of which,the serious cases would involve anaphylactic shock;The onset of ADRs in44cases(73%of the total)occurred within30min after injection,50cases(83%of the total)occur in their first time of medication,which suggest that the major ADRs types were the first-using immediate type and the speedy outbreak type.CONCLUSION:Clinical physicians and pharmacists should be alert to the ADRs of shenmai injection,meanwhile they should follow rational use of drugs.

Hyperplastic disease of the breast (HDB) is caused by a hormone imbalance experienced among women at a certain age. Slight breast pain is common in women before menstruation without need of treatment; however, if the pain becomes severe, it can cause physical and mental suffering. Therefore, it is of great clinical significance to control this disease.

Objective To understand the blood glucose level and snacking habits in both healthy pregnant women and those with abnormal glucose tolerance during their mid pregnancy,for the purpose of providing reference for implementing nutrition education and intervention programs.Methods A questionnaire interview on snack habits,physical activity,sleep quality was conducted among 166 pregnant women in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital.Subjects were then divided into normal group (n=97) and abnormal group (n=69) according to the results of blood glucose screening.Results There were no differences in snack intake and the energy generated from the three major nutrients between the two groups of women.However comparing to the normal group,women in abnormal group were more likely to choose the glutinous rice (17.4％ vs.4.1％),cake (37.7％ vs.20.6％) and dried fruit (13.0％ vs.4.1％),while comparing with women in abnormal group,women in normal group tend to choose vegetables (28.9％ vs.11.6％) and nuts (64.5％ vs.47.8％) as between-meal snacks.Conclusion The study suggested that pregnant women may continue the principle of frequent meal at reduced volume everyday,while starting to learn how to make good selection of high-nutrient-density snakes.