Antibodies, Monoclonal ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; drug therapy ; Cetuximab ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; immunology

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cell Cycle ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To evaluate the effects of combined detection of sputum and serum procalcitonin (PCT) to identify the etiology of community acquired pneumonia(CAP) in infants.Methods Retrospective analysis from August 2010 to September 2012 enrolled 435 patients with definitely etiological diagnosis of CAP.The all cases were divided into three groups according to the etiological diagnosis:243 cases of bacterial infection group(including mixed bacterial infection),106 cases of viral infection group,and 86 cases of mycoplasma infection group.Sputum and serum PCT levels in all cases were detected,with simultaneous detection of blood leukocytes,C-reactive protein levels.Results Sputum PCT level of bacterial infection group [(8.44 ± 1.08) ng/ml] was significantly higher than viral infection group [(0.32 ±0.12) ng/ml] and mycoplasma infection group [(0.24 ± 0.17) ng/ml],which showed statistically significant difference (F =765.03,P ＜0.01).Serum PCT level of bacterial infection group [(6.69 ± 1.36) ng/ml] was also higher than viral infection group [(0.37 ± 0.22) ng/ml] and mycoplasma infection group [(0.42 ± 0.28) ng/ml],the difference of which was statistically significant (F =240.46,P ＜ 0.01).Meanwhile between the viral infection group and mycoplasma infection group,sputum PCT and serum PCT showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The levels of blood leukocytes and C-reactive protein among 3 groups showed no statistically significant difference(P ＞ 0.05).As the critical value of the PCT ＞ 0.5ng/ml,the positive rates of sputum and serum PCT were significant difference in bacterial infection group (86.83％ vs 73.66％,x2 =13.92,P ＜0.05).The sensitivity of diagnosing bacterial CAP by sputum and serum PCT levels were 86.83％ and 73.66％,the specificity were 86.98％ and 88.54％,respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of combined detection sputum and serum PCT were 72.02％ and 94.27％.Conclusion Combined detection of sputum and serum PCT has clinical value and efficiency in pathogen identification of CAP.

Objective To identify the role of autopahgy in the protective mechanism of heme oxygenase 1(HO-1) against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly (random number table) divided into five groups (n =8 in each group),namely sham group,model group,cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP) group,zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) group and 6-amino-3-methylpurine (3-MA) group.Partial hepatic I/R model was established by clamping the pedicles of left and median lobes for 1 hour and reopening for 6 hours in rats,and the rats in sham group were only received celiotomp without hepatic I/R.In the CoPP group,CoPP (a HO-1 inducer,5 mg/kg) was administered i.p 24 hours before I/R.In the ZnPP or 3-MA group,besides pretreatment with CoPP,the rats were given ZnPP (a HO-1 inhibitor,25 mg/kg) or 3-MA (an autophagy inhibitor,30 mg/kg) i.p 1 hour before I/R.Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was determined with automatic biochemistry analyzer.The hepatic pathological scores (PS) were determined under light microscope using hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining.The hepatocyte apoptosis index (AI) was assessed with terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.Autophagosomes in liver tissue were counted under electron microscope.The mRNA expressions of HO-1,caspase-3,Beclin-1 and Atg-5 in the liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The HO-1 activity was also measured by the generation of bilirubin with the method of double-wave spectrophotometry.Results Compared with the sham group,the level of serum ALT significantly increased in the I/R group (U/L:560.3±73.6 vs.49.1 ± 13.8,P ＜ 0.01),HE staining showed a severe hepatic injury (PS:12.0±2.0 vs.1.3±0.9,P ＜ 0.01),TUNEL staining showed a higher hepatocytes apoptosis and the expression of caspase-3 significantly increased [AI:(19.38±3.07)％ vs.(3.25±1.28)％,caspase-3 mRNA (2-△△CT):4.62±0.40 vs.1.05±0.15,both P ＜ 0.01].However,there was no significant difference in the expression of HO-1 and the genes associated with autophagy between the two groups.In the CoPP group,the hepatic injury was blunted compared with that in the I/R group [ALT (U/L):223.3 ± 34.4 vs.560.3 ± 73.6,PS:5.6 ± 2.3 vs.12.0 ± 2.0,AI:(11.38± 2.39)％ vs.(19.38 ± 3.07)％,caspase-3mRNA (2-△△CT):2.42±0.33 vs.4.62±0.40,all P ＜ 0.01].HO-1 was induced in the CoPP group and autophagy was also increased significantly after I/R when compared with those in the I/R group [HO-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):3.01 ±0.71vs.1.14 ± 0.20,HO-1 activity (pmol ·mg-1 · h-1):259 ± 37 vs.113 ± 26,the number of autophagosomes:8.75 ± 0.87 vs.1.25±0.71,Beclin-1 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.85±0.28 vs.1.15±0.11,Atg-5 mRNA (2-△△CT):2.44±0.25 vs.1.14±0.12,all P ＜ 0.01].In the ZnPP group,the activity of HO-1 was much lower than that in the CoPP group,and as a result autophagy was decreased and liver injury was increased.In the 3-MA group,although there was no difference in the activity of HO-1 compared with that in the CoPP group,autophagy was inhibited,and the protective effect of CoPP was eliminated.Conclusion HO-1 could regulate the level of autophagy during liver I/R,and in turn autophagy might mediate the protective effects of HO-1 against liver I/R injury.

Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a combination of factors caused abnormal pulmonary hemodynamics.Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) progressive as clinical features of PAH.In recent years,studies had shown that pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell membrane potassium channels at the time of PAH and pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) and vascular remodeling were closely related to potassium channel in the article on the role of PAH in progress of the study review.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of rehabilitation time on the motor function and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods76 patients were randomly divided into the early rehabilitation group (40 cases) and late rehabilitation group (36 cases). The patients of two groups were treated with Bobaths method. The starting times of rehabilitation were 48 h～7 d (early rehabilitation group) and 3～4 weeks (late rehabilitation group) after onset. The therapeutic effect was assessed with Fugl-Meyer Motor Assessment Scale (FMA), modified Barthel index (MBI) and neurological deficit evaluation (ND).ResultsThe scores of the FMA, MBI and ND were not different between two groups before treatment. After one month treatment, the scores of patients in two groups improved significantly, but the early rehabilitation group had a greater improvement compared with the late rehabilitation group. Conclusion Early rehabilitation and late rehabilitation can also facilitate the motor function and ADL of patients with intracerebral hemorrhage recovery, and the therapeutic effect of early rehabilitation is better than late rehabilitation significantly.

Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; China ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

Integrative Medicine ; education ; Internal Medicine ; education

Adult ; Ammonia ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; Poisoning ; complications ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Respiratory System ; drug effects ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Time Factors

Bacterial Infections ; transmission ; Drug Resistance, Microbial