Nutritional therapy constitutes the basis for the integrated treatment of diabetes.It is essential for diabetic dietary management to be an individualized and balanced diet pattern based on total calorie control Carbohydrates is the main dietary ingredient to affect postprandial blood glucose levels.Dietary structure,way of eating,and physical exercise all contribute to the control of postprandial blood glucose levels.

Objective To understand the blood glucose level and snacking habits in both healthy pregnant women and those with abnormal glucose tolerance during their mid pregnancy,for the purpose of providing reference for implementing nutrition education and intervention programs.Methods A questionnaire interview on snack habits,physical activity,sleep quality was conducted among 166 pregnant women in Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital.Subjects were then divided into normal group (n=97) and abnormal group (n=69) according to the results of blood glucose screening.Results There were no differences in snack intake and the energy generated from the three major nutrients between the two groups of women.However comparing to the normal group,women in abnormal group were more likely to choose the glutinous rice (17.4％ vs.4.1％),cake (37.7％ vs.20.6％) and dried fruit (13.0％ vs.4.1％),while comparing with women in abnormal group,women in normal group tend to choose vegetables (28.9％ vs.11.6％) and nuts (64.5％ vs.47.8％) as between-meal snacks.Conclusion The study suggested that pregnant women may continue the principle of frequent meal at reduced volume everyday,while starting to learn how to make good selection of high-nutrient-density snakes.

Autogenous vein graft is one of the frequent methods to treat ischemia in Vascular Surgery.However, the patency rate of vein grafts is unhappy because of the injury, the difference structure between arteries and veins, and the change of hemedynamics after grafted. The restenosis of vein graft contains three syntrophic component elements-thrombosis, intima hyperplasia, and scleratheroma. In this article, we will discuss the relationship between the changed hemodynamics and the restenosis of the vein grafts.

Barium ; poisoning ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans

Long-term use of systemic or topical glucocorticoid can cause posterior subcapsular opacities ( PSO ) , named glucocorticoid-induced cataract ( GIC ) . There are many hypotheses on the pathogenesis of GIC. However, no one has well explained the formation of PSO, which leads to no effective approaches in the prevention and/or treatment. A new opinion is that hormones might affect lens epithelial cells through GR - mediated vimentin changes, which eventually result in the formation of GIC. Therefore, the association between vimentin and lens epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation, maybe a new direction for further studies in the pathogenesis of GIC.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) guided interstitial chemotherapy for the pancreas in canine model. Methods A therapeutic 19gauge needle was inserted into the pancreas with EUS guidance,and seeds with sustained release of 5-iluorouracil were implanted into the tissue. After 14 days of clinical observation,the animals were sacrificed and the tissue response to local chemotherapy was examined. Results All the seeds were implanted successfuUy and no migration was observed. Chemotherapy induced tissue fibrous necrosis was localized in the pancreas without significant complications. The apoptotic index of tissue within 1 cm of the seeds increased.Biochemical parameters were normal in all the dogs. Conclusion EUS-guided implantation of seeds is a safe,simple and minimally invasive technique for interstitial chemotherapy in the pancreas.

Objective To study the correlativity of laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectrum on the same specimen of colorectal carcinoma both in vivo and in vitro and to obtain the best diagnostic parameter in detecting colorectal carcinoma. Methods LIF spectra were analyzed from 10 patients with colorectal carcinoma during colonoscopy, and then analyzed again after resection. The cancer foci and normal mucosa more than 5 cm apart from the foci were excited by a nitrogen laser (337 nm)using a quartz optical fiber in gentle contact with the area of interest, and then the fluorescence emission was collected by the same quartz optical fiber. The LIF spectrum was analyzed using an optical multichannel analyzer (OMAⅢ). Results (1)The LIF spectrum from cancer tissues was same as that of normal tissues, both showed the main and the second peak respectively located at about 460 nm and 390 nm in vivo and in vitro. The main peak intensities in vivo from both cancer and normal tissue were significantly lower than these in vitro. The main peak intensities in vivo and in vitro from cancer tissue were decreased about 1 time to those from normal tissue.(2) The integrated spectral intensity in vivo and in vitro of cancer tissue from each patient was significantly lower than that from the corresponding normal tissue respectively, P

Objective: To investigate the values of CECT (contrast-enhanced computed tomogramphy) and CEUS (contrast-enhanced ultrasonography) in the diagnosis of cancerous lesions in the liver before and after RFA (radiofrequency ablation) for liver cancer. Methods: The clinical records of 90 patients with liver cancer (65 primary liver cancer and 25 metastatic liver cancer) undergoing RFA between May 2008 and September 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 104 cancerous lesions in the liver were treated with CT- or ultrasound-guided RFA. Each patient underwent CEUS and CECT one week before RFA and one month after RFA. The diagnostic abilities of CEUS and CECT before RFA and the values of CEUS and CECT in the evaluation of therapeutic effect of RFA were assessed. Results: Before RFA, 93 and 96 cancerous lesions in the liver were detected by CECT and CEUS, respectively. However, CECT combined with CEUS found 104 lesions. One month after RFA, 90 lesions showed no enhancement on CECT, and 91 lesions showed no enhancement on CEUS. CECT combined with CEUS found that 86 lesions showed no enhancement. CECT, CEUS and the CECT combined with CEUS found 5, 8 and 11 recurrent lesions in the liver, respectively. Conclusion: CECT combined with CEUS can increase the detection rates of cancerous lesions in the liver before RFA and the residual lesions and recurrent lesions after RFA. © 2012 by Tumor.

Objective:To study the change rule of decocting quantity of the effective components in Amomi fructus and Amomi fructus rotundus with decocting time to determine whether or not decocted later and optimal decocting time. Methods:The herbs were extracted by the traditional water decoction, and at different time points, sampling was carried out. Using camphor and eucalyptol as the index components, the change rule of decocting quantity of the effective components with the decoction time under the condition of single and combined decoction was investigated. Results:When the decoction time of Amomi fructus was within the range of 3-6 min, the total amount of camphor in the decoction reached relatively high value, and the total amount lost more than 45% when the decoction time exceeded 10 min. Amomi fructus rotundus boiled for a short time below 2 min, and when the decoction time was more than 5 min, more than 50% eucalyptol lost. Conclusion:Amomi fructus and Amomi fructus rotundus should be decocted later with decocting time within 3-6min and below 2 min, respectively. The analytical method is reliable and precise in the quality control of relative decoction.

Cardiac Catheterization ; methods ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Wounds and Injuries ; complications