Objective To explore the role of genistein (genistcin, GEN) on human breast cancer cell proliferation and its mecha-nism. Method GEN MTT method was used to detect the proliferation of GEN on estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells MCF-7 and non-es-trogen-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation of MDA-MB231. Estrogen receptor.antagonist IC1182780 was used to observe the effect of GEN. FACS was used to analyze the cell cycle of breast cancer cells. Results GEN promote MCF-7 cell proliferation, and make G1/S transition. Estrogen receptor antagonist can block the proliferation effect on MCF-7 cells but no effect on MDA MB231. Conclusion GEN has estrogen-like activity, which was mediated by estrogen receptor (ER).

Neuroendocrine neoplasm (NEN)is a group of heterogeneous tumors originated from the peptidergic neurons and neuroendocrine cells. A revised system of classification, nomenclature and grading of NEN was proposed by the fourth edition of“World Health Organization classification of tumours of the digestive system”in 2010. It apparently contributes to unify the method of classification, put an end of the confusion in nomenclature, standardize the grading system and predict the outcomes more accurately. With the combination of the results by immunohistochemical studies, pathologists should be in accordance with the requirements to make a diagnosis of NEN with accurate classification, grading and the pathological parameters essential to staging. Recently, new advances in NEN study put forward a new view in the classification and grading system that will lead to the updates of the diagnostic system after further studies on a large scale of samples.

Burnout, Professional ; Humans

Aim] To summarize and introduce the clinical experience of Chang Qing in the treatment of refractory asthma. [Method] To analyze the clinical experience and academic views of Chang Qing in the treatment of refractory asthma from the perspective of etiology and pathogenesis; and to discuss his basic prescription compatibility and flexible drug-applying characteristics. [Result] According to Chang Qing's clinical experience, while addressing the symptoms, treating the root is badly needed. He insists that in the period of acute exacerbation the adjustment of traditional Chinese medicine dosage should be used to rapidly bring the asthma under control until the symptoms disappear or obviously ease, then nourishing spleen and kidney to reduce the relapse of asthma. [Conclusion] In the aspect of treating the refractory asthma, Chang Qing has got rich clinical experience and effective. methods to relieve the asthma,his clinical dialectic thinking and the originality of prescription are greatly worth learning.

With several new and effective antiviral agents had been evaluated and licensed in past ten years,natural history of chronic hepatitis B(CHB)has being affected fiercely.But up to now,chronic hepatitis B virus infection is still the most important etiopathogenisis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Chronic heaptitis B is a dynamic process.The natural history of CHB can be schematically divided into five phases:immune tolerant phase,immune reactive phase,inactive HBV carrier state,HBeAg-nagative CHB,and HBsAg-nagative phase,which are not necessarily sequential.So correct prehension of the natural history of CHB is significant for the prevention,monitoring and appropriate treatment of CHB patients.

Objective In the study,the effect of berberine on Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) via oxidative stress was studied.Methods The DN model mice was administered with metformin (0.2g/kg),low-dose berberine (0.036 g/kg),middle-dose berberine (0.072g/kg) and high-dose berberine (0.144g/kg) for 8 weeks.After that,the fasting glucose,insulin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,Reactive Oxidative Species (ROS),Superoxide Dismutase (SOD),Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) 、Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4),24h urine protein,etc were measured.Results Berberine could significantly decrease the fasting blood glucose levels,increase the insulin production,and reduce the levels of 24 h urine protein,serum urea nitrogen,creatinine,improve SOD and Nrf2,decrease ROS,Keap1and NOX4.Conclusion Berberine has the protactive effects in DN mice via the Keap-Nrf2/ARE pathway,and middle/high-dose berberine was much better.The mechanism may be related to the alleviated of the oxidative stress.

The process of unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen termed endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), which can result in a variety of prevalent disease, such as autoimmune diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders and cancer.In order to alleviate the pressure of ERS, eukaryotic cells produce a kind of adaptive intracellular signaling pathway which we called unfolded protein response (UPR, which main role is to remove misfolded proteins and restore endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis.However, apoptosis will be trigger if ERS increases continuously.There are many endoplasmic reticulum in Liver cells, the development of liver cancer is closely related to ERS and apoptosis.Therefore, finding a new method for the treatment of liver cancer in theory from the ERS induced apoptosis pathway seems so meaningful.

The highly down-loaded 175 papers from 7 journals of ophthalmology covered in Scopus database in 2011 were analyzed,showing that the most concerned subjects were rintinopathy,macular edema,glaucoma, neovasculariza-tion,Ranibizumab, retinal blood vessel obstruction, OCT,cornea, artificial lens, diabetic retinopathy, nanometer medicine and technology,the research has extended to retro-ocular segment from anterior-ocular segment,the papers of multiple authors accounted for 92%, the reviews accounted for 51.42%and were highly down-loaded.

Twenty-four rabbits' patellar ligaments were elongated 3 mm surgically, which decreased the pressure of the patellar articular cartilage. The pathological changes of cartilage and subchondral bone of the patellar were examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope sequentially. 4 weeks after the surgery, proliferation of blood vessels in the subchondral bone and their invasion into the calcafied cartilage were seen, without abnormality in the patellar articular cartilage. After 8 weeks, irregularity of the tide mark and cartilage cells column, and peripheral part of the cartilage showed cluster formation. After 12 weeks, degeneration extended to the superficial layer of the cartilage, producing blister formation, fibrillation and a decrease in the thickness of the cartilage. These findings were similar to the histological changes of chondromalacia patellae. It was further suggested that decrease of pressure on the cartilage could be considered to be one of the causes for articular cartilage injury, and patella alta be correlated with chondromalacia of the patella.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of action of PSS on the treatment of patients with early DN. Methods 76 patients with early DN were given PSS 100mg(iv gtt, qd) for 14 days. ET-1, TXB_2, 6-Keto-PGF_(1a), blood viscosity TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and urine protein quantity(24h UPQ) were determined and compared between before and after treatment. Results All indexes above were improved significantly after therapy. Conclusion PSS may modulate ET-1 secretion and the ratio of TXB_2/6-Keto-PGF_(1a), reduce blood lipid content and viscosity, improve hemorrheology in patients with early DN.