Objective:To investigate epidemic status of avian influenza virus (AIV) in live poultry market (LPM) and evaluate its potential public health threat and develop control measures in Nanchang city.Methods:Forty-seven LPM in 10 counties/districts of Nanchang city were selected as surveillance sites by using cluster random sampling. Poultry swabs and environmental samples were obtained from LPM. Real time RT-PCR was used for AIV typing and subtyping. Excel 2016, SPSS 24.0 and Prism Version 7 (GraphPad) software were used for statistical analysis.Results:Total of 9 248 poultry swabs and environmental samples were collected. 1 525 specimens(16.49%) were positive for AIV. H7 and H9 were the dominant subtypes, and H9 positive rate was highest (17.44%). Sewage (21.46%) and throat swabs (20.46%) had higher positive rates than the other types of samples. Chicken and duck were dominant hosts for AIV, the corresponding positive rates were 22.80% and 13.95%. The positive rates of Honggutan district, Anyi county and Xinjian district were 25.52%, 24.31% and 22.35%, which were higher than that of the other counties/districts. Each county/district had its unique subtype composition of AIV.Conclusions:The coexistence of H7, H9 and other subtypes of AIV in LMP was identified in Nanchang city. Continuing active surveillance and comprehensive control measures should be taken to reduce the potential risk of human infection.