Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics of diabetes mellitus and to provide effective prevention and intervention methods in rural area in Kunming.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 3 440 permanent residents aged 20～74 years in kunming rural districts.Results The general prevalence rate of diabetes was 4.01% and the standardized rate was 2.90%.The standardized prevalent rate for male(3.55%) was higher than that for female(2.61%),and the prevalence rates varied among different groups of rural inhabitants.Conclusion It is necessary to take effective methods to prevent and control diabetes in rural area.

Objective The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of bumetanide on elderly type 2 diabetic patients with middle and advanced stages nephropathy. Methods Forty cases with diabetic nephropathy (DN) were divided into two groups:control group (20 cases) and treatment group (20 cases) . The control group accepted furosemide (20 mg, once a day) and the bumetanide was orally administrated at the dose of 1.0 mg, twice a day to the treatment group for 3 months. The assessment of transferrin (TRF) and urine microalbumin (UALB) was performed at the time points at the end of 1, 4, 8, 12 weeks after treatment. Results (1) The levels of BUN, SCr and UA after treatment were lower than before treatment, but there were no significant differences. (2) In the treatment group, the levels of TRF and UALB have decreased after treatment for 1 week, with no statistically significant. But at the end of 4, 8 and 12 weeks,the differences were statistically significant ( <0.05) . Especially, during the three months follow-up,the levels of TRF and UALB at 12 weeks have decreased obviously. Conclusion The therapeutic effect of bumetanide on DN might be better than that of furosemide.

Objective To estimate the value of diffusion weighted imaging with background body signal suppression(DWIBS)in tumors of intestinal tract and metastasis.Methods 15 cass with tumors of intestinal tract underwent MRI and DWIBS examinations.Four of them underwent CT scan.Results All primary tumors were showed by conventional MR sequences and DWIBS.DWIBS showed that 4 cases had the invasion of placenta percreta,5 cases had transcoelomic metastasis in abdominal cavity and 5 cases had lymphatic metastasis,while the conventional MR sequences showed the invasion of placenta percreta in 10 cases,the invasion of fat interspace in 8 cases,transcoelomic metastasis in abdominal cavity in 3 cases and lymphatic metastasis in 3 cases.Conclusion DWIBS is better than the conventional MR sequences and CT in detecting the primary tumor of intestinal tract,transcoelomic metastasis in abdominal cavity and lymphatic metastasis.However,the conventional MR sequences and CT is better than DWIBS in detecting the invasion of placenta percreta and fat interspace.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effect of brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia in children. Methods Forty-five children undergone upper extremity surgery were randomly divided into three groups (n = 15) , ie, Croup A (brachial plexus block with ropivacaine), Croup B (brachial plexus block with ropivacaine and subcutaneous injection of morphine) and Croup C (brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine). The analgesic effect and the analgesia maintenance time were recorded by FLACC method at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours after operation. The adverse reactions were observed 48 hours after operation. Results There was no statistical difference between Croup A and Croup B in the analgesia maintenance time and the number of cases without analgesic therapy at each time point (P > 0. 05). Compared with Croup A or Croup B, the analgesia maintenance time in Croup C were significantly extended and the number of cases without analgesic therapy at 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours after operation were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The adverse effect was fairly light in three groups. Conclusion Brachial plexus block with morphine and ropivacaine may extend analgesia maintenance time effectively and safely in children undergone upper extremity surgery.

The development and influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials were explored. According to literature review, a hypothetical model of development of compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trials was established, and the influencing factors of compliance behavior of investigators and their interrelationships were studied based on questionnaire survey of five hundred investigators sampled randomly from one hundred clinical trial institutions in China. Cronbach's alpha coefficient and structural equation modeling were adopted to empirically analyze the results. Six variables in the hypothetical model were included: compliance behavior of investigators, credibility of clinical trial, capability of government regulation, quality control of sponsor, quality control of clinical institution and compliance intention of investigators. Empirical analysis showed that the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial was directly affected by compliance intention of investigators, quality control of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. In addition, credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation indirectly affected the compliance behavior of investigators in clinical trial through influencing the compliance intention of investigators, quality control of sponsor and quality control of clinical institution. Quality control of sponsor was affected by credibility of clinical trial and capability of government regulation while quality control of clinical institution was only influenced by capability of government regulation.

Objective To isolate and identify the causative agent in an incident with crowd fever of adults in Henan province.Methods The cells was inoculated by the throat swabs of the patients and followed by neutralization assay and other molecular methods.Then indirect immunofluorescence assay was performed to detect the specific IgM/IgG antibodies against virus in the serum of the patients.Results We have isolated 2 strain adenoviruses from 10 swab samples,which were both identified as Ad11 by sequence analysis and neutralization test.6 of 10 samples were positive fer IgM specific for adenovirus and 3 positive for IgG.The remaining sample was negative for both.Conclusion The causative agent in this incident with crowd fever of adults was Ad11 in group B.

AIM: To study the influence of injection agent of pidotimod on function of the immune-system in normal and immune-depressed mice, and to investigate the mechanisms of the immunomodulating action of pidotimod. METHODS: The expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 in mice spleen was detected by RT-PCR method. The effects of pidotimod on phagocytosis functions of mice peritoneal exudate cells was investigated by neutral red phagocytosis. The lymphocyte proliferations induced by Con A or LPS were detected by MTT method. Adopt the serum haemolysis to measure the production of serum antibody. RESULTS: The normal and immune-depressed mice were treated for 14 days with different dosages of pidotimod by injection. Pidotimod can significantly increase the expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen, potentiate phagocytosis of the peritoneal exudate cells, potentiate the lymphocyte proliferations ability induced by Con A or LPS. CONCLUSION: Pidotimod can potentiate amelioration normal and immune-depressed mice immunesystem function and increase expressions of TNF-? and IL-6 of spleen.

Objective To evaluate the indications and intraoperative management of nephron-spar- ing surgery (NSS) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC).Methods A total of 53 patients (32 men and 21 women;age range,21 -76 years) with unilateral RCC and a normal contralateral kidney underwent NSS.The disease course ranged from 1 week to 13 months.The unilateral RCCs were detected by B-uhrasonography. Partial nephrectomy was performed on 38 cases of polar RCC and wedge nephrectomy was performed on 15 cases of central RCC.Both renal vein and artery were blocked for 10 - 15 min,and unclamped for 1 -2 min if necessary.The resections were finished within 7 -21 min (mean,12 min).No inosine and regional hypo- thermia were used during operation.Absorbable hemostatic gauze and terylene flake were used to suture renal wound surface.After operation all patients were treated with interferon hypodermic injection of 5 000 000 U every other day for 3 months.Results The diagnosis of RCC with negative cutting margin was confirmed by pathological examination in all patients.The greatest dimension of the renal cancers were＜4 cm except for one of 6 cm.The clinical stage was T_1N_0M_0 in all patients.During the follow-up of 6 -48 months,all pa- tients were alive without recurrence and had normal renal function.Conclusions NSS can be rapidly per- formed for T_1 stage renal cancer＜4 cm or single clearly localized cancer＞4 cm in diameter.The follow-up results are satisfactory.

Objective To understand the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and its associated factors among rural resi-dents in Chongqing ,in order to provide the evidence for conducting non-communicable disease prevention and control in rural area . Methods Rural residents aged above 18 years old were sampled by multi-stage stratified random sampling .The resident sampled was interviewed with the structured questionnaire by face-to-face and examined body weight ,height ,blood pressure ,waist circum-ference .The blood sample was taken to test fasting glucose ,2 h glucose .The associated factors of hypertension and diabetes were i-dentified by Chi-square test and the independent factors of hypertension and diabetes were identified by Logistic regression .Results A total of 2 406 rural residents were interviewed .The amount of salt in taking and oil in taking per person per day self-reported was 6 .7 g and 44 .4 g .The proportion of smoking among rural residents was 21 .0% .The proportion of alcohol use in the past 12 months was 22 .4% .32 .6% of interviewees participated in the regular physical activity .The proportion of overweight and obesity a-mong rural residents was 25 .4% and 6 .2% .The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 22 .0% and 9 .4% .The independent factor of hypertension was age(OR = 1 .83 ,95% CI :1 .68 - 1 .98) ,education level(OR = 0 .67 ,95% CI :0 .55 - 0 .82) ,body index(OR= 1 .68 ,95% CI :1 .44 - 1 .96) ,blood glucose(OR = 0 .60 ,95% CI :0 .51 - 0 .70) .The independent factor of diabetes was age(OR =1 .33 ,95% CI :1 .20 - 1 .48) ,gender(OR = 1 .48 ,95% CI :1 .11 - 1 .98) ,education level(OR = 0 .77 ,95% CI :0 .60 - 0 .98) ,body in-dex(OR = 1 .40 ,95% CI :1 .16 - 1 .70) and blood pressure(OR = 0 .77 ,95% CI :0 .64 - 0 .93) .Conclusion The prevalence of hyper-tension and diabetes was high .The risk factors such as unhealthy diet ,physical inactivity ,smoking ,harmful alcohol use ,overweight and obesity is common among rural residents .It should be attached an importance on non-communicable disease prevention and con-trol in rural area .

ObjectiveTo study the MR Imaging features of breast phyllodes tumor (PT),and to correlate it with pathological results.MethodClinical and MRI findings were retrospectively reviewed in twenty-seven women with 28 PTs lesions confirmed by surgical pathology.Statistical analyses were one-way ANOVA for size analysis,Fisher exact test for analysis of MR appearances and Spearman correlation to study the relationship between MRI findings and BI-RADS categories.Results( 1 ) The histologic findings were benign,borderline and malignant PTs in 14.3％ (4/28),53.6％ (15/28) and 32.1％ (9/28) of lesions,respectively.(2) The mean maximum-diameter were (6.4 ± 3.9) cm,(5.7 ± 2.2) cm in borderline type and (4.8 ± 1.8)cm in benign type respectively.The results showed differences in lesion's size among the three type (F = 287.541,P =0.000),especially between malignant and benign type (P = 0.033 ).(3)Internal non-enhanced septations and silt-like changes on enhanced images,as well as time-signal curve on MRI correlated significantly with the histological grade ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 4 ) If the category BI-RADS ≥ 4a was considered to be a suspicious sign for malignant lesion,the diagnostic accuracy of MRI would be 96.4％ (27/28),and the BI-RADS category of the MRI could reflect the PT's histological grade with a low correlation coefficient ( r = 0.382,P = 0.045 ).Conclusion The findings of PT on MRI have some characteristics,with tumor size and several MRI features correlating with the histological grade of breast PT.