Objective To study the probability safety assessment to analyze and evaluate radiation error risk in the external beam radiotherapy,so as to establish and strengthen the control and management of the radiotherapy process,continuous improvement of quality control and quality management.Methods To build the whole of radiotherapy flow chart and process tree,using the decision tree model to determine critical control points in the whole process,making risk assessment chart and analyzing 4 patients with potential safety hazards error.Results The whole process is divided into 22 missions in 3 functional areas,the entire cover 15 branches and 59 key and 11 key control point.The enumeration of error as risks and critical control points has certain correlation.Conclusions Probabilistic safety assessment method have strengthened manage,analyze and control to risk,and all these provide the basis for developing and improving radiotherapy process control management.Radiotherapy quality management for future multidisciplinary and high-level management personnel who take up provides a prospective study.

【Objective】 To identify the main factor or factors w hich contribute to recurrent early spontaneous abortion for clinical diagnosis a nd treatment. 【Methods】 69 cases received the screening examination including inherent, endocrine, anatomical, infective, immunological and contamination hist ory poison metabolic factors, then analyses all factors. 【Results】 Analysing the single factor effecting th e recurrent early spontaneous abortion in the above 7 factors, we found the immun ological factor was 86.2%. Furthermore the immunological factor had significant difference in the various aged groups. 【Conclusion】 Immunological factor is a main factor in recurrent early spontaneous abortion. The immunological factor b ecomes significantly important as the times of spontaneous abortion increasing.

Objective To investigate the effect of sufentanil postconditioning on cardiomyocyte apoptosis during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250-280 g were randomly divided into 3 groups ( n =12 each):sham operation group (group S),I/R group and sufentanil postconditioning group (group SP).Myocardial I/R was induced by occlusion of the left coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion.Sufentanil 3.0μg/kg was injected iv at the beginning of reperfusion in group SP.HR and MAP were recorded during I/R.The rats were sacrificed at 120 min of reperfusion and their hearts were removed for determination of infarct size,number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes,and the expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA,and apoptotic index was caculated.Results There was no significant difference in HR among the 3 groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Compared with group S,MAP and Bcl-2 mRNA expression were significantly decreased,apoptotic index and Bax mRNA expression increased in group I/R,and apoptotic index,and the expression of Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA were increased in group SP (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group I/R,the infarct size,apoptotic index and Bax mRNA expression were decreased,and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was increased in group SP (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Sufentanil postconditioning can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in rats by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression,down-regulating Bax expression and inhibitting cardiomyocyte apoptosis.

Objective To provide the nurse care evidence of nutritional intervention in patients with lung cancer during radiotherapy and chemotherapy by analyzing the nutritional status of these patients.Methods 55 patients with lung cancer who received chemotherapy and radiotherapy were selected.The nutritional status of these patients were evaluated by laboratory examination data at the time of hospitalized,ongoing and the end of radiotherapy. Results The hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),body mass and body mass index(BMI)were (130.50 ±17.80)g/L, (41.02 ±5.68)g/L,(61.29 ±8.75)kg,(22.36 ±2.78)kg/m2 respectively at admission;(115.90 ±19.00)g/L, (37.94 ±5.55)g/L,(59.95 ±9.05 )kg,(21.86 ±2.86)kg/m2 respectively during the course of radiotherapy;(110.40 ±19.40)g/L,(36.91 ±5.30)g/L,(58.91 ±9.30)kg,(21.48 ±2.99)kg/m2 respectively at the end of radiotherapy.At different stages of radiotherapy,the nutritional index gradually decreased,the Hb was lower in the middle of the radiotherapy than on admission,the difference was significant(t =8.611,P <0.05).The Hb in the late stage of radiotherapy was lower than the middle,the difference was significant(t =2.492,P <0.05).Although the ALB in the latter stage of radiotherapy was lower than the middle,but the difference was not statistically significant (t =1.464,P >0.05),and the difference was significant compared with on admission(t =4.815,P <0.05).The weight of the patients in the middle period of radiotherapy was less than the time of admission,but the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.781,P >0.05).The weight of patients in the late stage of radiotherapy was lower than the medium term,but the difference was not statistically significant as well(t =0.601,P >0.05),and there was no significant difference compared with on admission(t =1.382,P >0.05).The BMI of the patients with radiotherapy was lower than that at the time of admission,the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.091,P >0.05).The BMI of patients with radiotherapy was lower than that in the medium term,whereas the difference was not statistically significant(t =0.690,P >0.05),and the difference was not statistically significant compared with on admission(t =1.599,P >0.05).The Hb (F =16.643,P =0.000)and ALB(F =7.736,P =0.001)decreased significantly in particular.Conclusion The risk of malnutrition in patients with lung cancer is exist during radiotherapy and chemo-therapy,and it is obvious in the middle -late stage,the changes of physical and biochemical indexes have been appeared,and among them,Hb and ALB are the most obvious,so should be monitored and managed cause these data varied significantly.

Objective To evaluate obstetrics and gynecology training quality by analysis of clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores for long-term graduates.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores was performed in obstetrics and gynecology training for 134 long-term graduates.Results The clinical knowledge and clinical skills scores of obstetrics and gynecology training were 82.27?7.68,87.69?7.24.There was no,P﹥0.05.Only the scores of clinical skills judged by one teacher in interview was correlated with clinical knowledge scores,while there were no correlation between clinical knowledge judged by other five teachers and scores of clinical skills.Conclusion There was no correlation between clinical knowledge and the scores of clinical skills scores.Culturing students’practical ability and communication ability is worth strengthening,while the consistency of teachers’evaluation standard should be improved.

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated protein 1 (TRAP1),as one of the main members of the heat shock protein 90 family, resists oxidative stress-induced apoptosis as well as predominantly maintains the integrity of mitochondria and cellu-lar homeostasis. Abnormal expression of TRAP1 was herein closely related to the onset and progression of a wide variety of tumors. As a key regulatory factor mediating energy metabolism within tumor cells, TRAP1 may be able to kill them by interfer-ing with such metabolism. More importantly, the abnormal ex-pression of TRAP1 played a less important role in normal cells, allowing TRAP1 to be a particularly attractive target as it can be used in tumor treatment or interference. The relationship be-tween abnormal expression of TRAP1 protein and tumor onset was reviewed. Besides, the mechanism by which disordered TRAP1 protein expression induced tumor formation was postula-ted, which may provide references for future research and clini-cal treatment.

This paper analyzed current problems and challenges facing hospitals in alarm management both abroad and at home. Based on a survey conducted on alarm management in hospitals, plus an analysis on different kinds of data interfaces and data exchange protocols of the medical equipment used in ICUs, a solution of alarm management is put forwarded which is based on alarm information integration and processing. It aims at improving medical equipment alarm management and reducing relevant adverse events.
Automatic Data Processing ; Clinical Alarms ; Intensive Care Units

Objective The aim of this study was to establish a rat model of blood hypercoagulable state by intra?venous injection of thrombin and to provide a model for researches on hypercoagulable state. Methods Rats were divided into six groups and were injected with normal saline and 2?5, 5, 10, 20, 40 U/kg thrombin solution through the femoral vein, respectively. Then, blood was drawn to test the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time ( PT) and fibrinogen ( FIB) , and to observe the death rate of rats in these groups to verify the optimal dosage. On this ba?sis, rats were injected thrombin of the best dose through the femoral vein, and blood samples were collected at 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, 180, 300 (s) to test APTT and PT and FIB for determining the best time for blood sampling. At last, the rats were divided into control group and thrombin group to inject normal saline or thrombin solution in the best dose via the fem?oral vein, and blood was taken at the best time to test APTT, PT, FIB and whole blood viscosity. Results APTT and PT values of the 10 U/kg thrombin group were the shortest, and FIB value of this group was the highest among these groups. APTT and PT values of blood sample collected at about 60 s after thrombin injection were the shortest, and FIB value was the highest. Compared with the control group, PT and APTT values of the thrombin group were shorter (P<0?05), and blood viscosity and FIB were higher ( P<0?05 ) . Conclusions Injecting thrombin solution into the femoral vein can be used to establish a rat model of hypercoagulable state. The best dose of thrombin solution is 10 U/kg in a concentration of 2 U/mL. The best time to collect blood sample is 60 s.

Objective To investigate the morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum under an optical microscope.Methods Adult schistosomes were obtained from infected mice with cercariae shedding from Oncomelania snails.The adult worms fixed with 10% formalin,dehydrated,imbedded in paraffin,cut at 3 ?m thick,stained by HE staining and then observed under an optical microscope.Results The reproductive organs of adult Schistosoma japonicum such as testicle,ovary,fallopian tube,vitellarium,yolk duct and hystera were displayed distinctly and typically.Conclusions The morphological features of reproductive system of adult Schistosoma japonicum are distinct and typical by using routine pathological techniques preparing and HE staining,which establishes a morphological foundation for the morphological teaching of schistosomes and reproductive biology research.

Objective:To observe the co-antitumor effect and hepatic protection of melatonin on unresectable advanced primary liver cancer treated by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods:One hundred and forty patients with unresectable advanced primary liver cancer were divided into 2 groups at random, seventy patients received TACE alone while the other 70 patients were treated by TACE+Mel (20 mg/d at 8:00 P.M orally, 7 d before each TACE and lasted for 21 d). Results: The partly resolution rate of TACE and TACE+Mel were 12.86% and 22.86% respectively( P