Computer simulation cardiac function values were calculated at different heart rate level, including left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO) and so on, which was aimed to observe the effects of heart rate on cardiac function. It showed that the simulation results of LVEF, SV and CO were reliable at a low heart rate with linear regression model, but unreliable at a high heart rate. CO reached its maximum value when heart rate was 100 times per minute. Heart function values varied with heart rate. The effect of heart rate should be paid much attention to when heart function report was read.

Objective To explore the feelings of the caregivers of dementia patients,and find the resource of the caregiver's abuse tendency to dementia patients in community.Methods The data of 10 caregivers were collected through deep interviews,and the Colaizzi analysis method was used to analyze the data.Results Through repeatedly reading,arranging,analysis,separation,and theme refining,five themes were drawn:lack of related knowledge and care skills,care tasks making caregivers tired,the economic burden,lack of social support,low sense of worth.Conclusions When concerning the problems caused by dementia patients,it's necessary to appeal the society and government to provide feasible service and assistance on the issue of abuse tendency,which is produced by the caregivers during the process of taking care of them.

[Objective]To summarize Pro.YangJiguo’s experience in using PingchuanⅠ for treating three periods of asthma in children .[Method] Accord-ing to the analysis of three clinical features and diagnosis and treatment of pediatric asthma, namely attack period(not the control period), duration peri-od(part of the control period) and remission period(control period), it concluded Professor Yang Jiguo's how to use PingchuanⅠto treat pediatric asthma. [Result] For pediatric asthma episodes in smooth wheezing, we join the medicine of freeing lung to relieve exterior syndrome on the basis of Pingchuan I;in duration, join yupinfeng for nourishing Qi and supporting essence; in remission, join the dragon negundo ginseng and astragalus mixture to improve children's physique, and improve the body's immune function. [Conclusion] Pingchuan I for treating three periods of asthma in children has a significant effect, unique advantages and is worth promotion.

Objective To investigate the application value of the Mini-Nutritional Assessment (MNA) in assessing the nutritional status in middle-aged women with diabetes.Methods Using the normal range of traditional nutritional index as the reference standard,two hundred and forty middle-aged women with diabetes were recruited and their nutritional status were assessed by MNA and laboratory test (including PAB,Fib,TLC,CHOL),respectively.Finally,the results were analyzed and compared.Results The correlation coefficient of MNA value and BMI、PAB,Hb,TLC,CHOL were 0.571,0.614,0.781,0.568,0.218.MNA had good correlations with several traditional laboratory indicators regarding with nutritional status,with signifi-cant difference.In this study,the results of investigation by MNA showed that:the rates of malnutrition,potential malnutrition,and normal nutritional were 30％(72 cases),65％(156 cases),and 5％(12 cases),respectively.The sensitivity and specificity of MNA were 96.1％ and 98.2％ respectively.Laboratory testing resuits:malnutrition and normal nutrition were 31％ (74 cases) and 4％ (10 cases).Kappa test(Kappa=0.922):the results of MNA and laboratory testing had strong consistency.Conclusions MNA is feasible in assessing nutritional status in the domestic middle-aged women with diabetes.

Objective To observe the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHCD) combined with mechanical ventilation on inflammatory response in rats with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)induced by hydrochloric acid(HCl)inhalation. Methods 32 adult healthy male Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were randomly divided into four groups:sham operation group,ARDS model group,PHCD group(intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg/kg PHCD at 30 minutes before HCl instillation)and mechanical ventilation group〔mechanical ventilation was given after PHCD treatment,ventilator settings were as follows:tidal volume(VT)=4 mL/kg,respiratory rate(RR)= 70 beats/min,the time ratio of inspiration to expiration(I:E)=1:2,fraction of inspired oxygen concentration(FiO2)=0.21〕,8 rats in each group. The rat ARDS model was created by HCl(0.1 mol/L,1.2 mL/kg) intratracheal instillation. After mechanical ventilation for 4 hours,the experiment was stopped. Arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)was measured,and the oxygenation index as well as lung wet/dry weight ratio(W/D)were calculated respectively. The pathological changes in lung tissues were observed under light microscope,and the pathological score was evaluated. The levels of myeloperoxidase(MPO),interlukin-8(IL-8)and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)in homogenate of lung tissues were all measured respectively by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In rats of ARDS model group, there were significant infiltration of inflammatory cells, collapse of extensive pulmonary alveoli and hyaline membrane formation in lung tissues,but the edema in pulmonary mesenchymal tissue and congestion of micro vessels were not obvious. Compared with sham operation group,the lung tissue pathological score(9.88±2.03 vs. 1.38±0.92),lung W/D ratio(7.67±0.96 vs. 4.08±0.65)were significantly increased(both P<0.01),while oxygenation index〔mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):213±29 vs. 428±28〕was markedly decreased in model group(P<0.01);and the concentrations of MPO(μg/L:34.18±3.99 vs. 20.92±1.40), IL-8(ng/L:864±53 vs. 583±91)and NF-κB(ng/L:1 229±133 vs. 803±130)in homogenate of lung tissues were significantly higher in model group(all P<0.01). The pathological changes in lung tissues including inflammatory cell infiltration,collapse of alveoli and pulmonary edema,etc. were obviously improved when treated by PHCD or mechanical ventilation and the lung pathological score and W/D ratio were significantly decreased compared with those of model group,oxygenation index in these two groups were both significantly increased,meanwhile, the concentrations of MPO,IL-8 and NF-κB were sharply decreased when compared with those of model group (all P<0.05). The degree of improvement in all above indexes were greater in mechanical ventilation group than those in PHCD group(lung injury score:5.63±1.85 vs. 7.63±1.67,lung W/D ratio:5.35±1.05 vs. 6.46±1.17, oxygenation index:325±57 vs. 272±44,MPO:25.80±3.36 vs. 29.88±3.93,IL-8:736±53 vs. 802±53, NF-κB:984±75 vs. 1 109±118,all P<0.05),however they did not reach the levels of the sham operation group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Conclusion PHCD can inhibit the inflammatory response in ARDS rats induced by HCl inhalation,thus it may protect the lung tissue from injury induced by HCl,and the protective role of PHCD plus menchanical ventilation is superior to that of PHCD only.

Objective To explore the issues of everyday expenses list used in the cadre wards and find out countermeasures for the purpose of reducing medical disputes and improving the patients’satisfaction.Method Seventy-four patients admitted in our department from July to September 2012 were set as control group,where an investigation was conducted to find out the issues in the practical use of every expenses list and corresponding measures were worked out and used in observation group,which included 78 patients admitted in the department from October to December 2012.The two groups were compared in terms of self-paid articles, re-recording of missed expenses,failure to timely refunding,charging by other means,disagreement on curative nursing items and unclear items for charging.Result The observation group was significantly better than the control in self-paid articles,re-recording of missed expenses and failure to timely refunding(all P<0.05).Conclusions There are some issues in the use of everyday expenses list in the cadre wards.We should take corresponding countermeasures to ensure the interests of the hospital and the patients and the enhanced degree of patients’comfort.

Coincidence exists in the value selection,main form of human communication and imbalance between teacher-student relationship and doctor-patient relationship.Therefore,teacher-student relationship today will directhy have an impact on the future of doctor-patient relationship.Teachers should cultivate medical students'equality consciousness and communicating ability between doctors and patients by establishing equal relationship and good communication between teachers and stdents.

Objective Retrospective analysis of 56 cases of the surgical humerus neck of children that treated with abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction,and discuss the significance of abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction in treatment of fracture of the surgical humerus neck about children.Methods This study consisted of 56 children with fracture of the surgical humerus neck,among these,41 were males and 15 were females,9 were road accident and 47 were falling injury,average 7.67 years.They were all treated with abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction,after 1 month fixation,dismantled the abduction brace and did the functional exercise.Results Follow-up study was carried out in 56 cases,followed 6 months to 5 years,average 2.96 years,accoding to the standard of fracture healing,excellent result was obtained in 35 cases and good in 21 cases,the excellent-good rate was 100%.Conclusions Abduction brace combined with manipulative reduction is an effective treatment for fracture of the surgical humerus neck in children.

Objective To analyze the complications during and after the surgical treatment for long bone fractures in children with titanic elastic intramedullary nail(TEN),in order to improve the technique and potential shortcomings in these surgeries,and reduce the incidence of complications.Methods A retrospective study was done on the 182 children with long bone fractures treated with TEN from Jan.2005 to Jan.2008.A summary and analysis was made on the complications of these cases.Results All the 182 cases had the bones healed.During the operation,split in bone cortex was found in 3 cases,penetration into epiphysis by nails was found in 1 case.After operations,irritated skin and exposed nail was found in 3 cases,prolonged bone healing in 2 cases,limitation of range of motion in the knee in 1 case,bent nail in 1 case,difficulty in retracting the nail in 10 cases,shortening in 2 cases,second fracture of the healed long bone in 1 case.The results were excellent in 173 cases,good in 6 and fair in 3,and the rate of excellent and good was 98 %.Conclusions Though it has certain complications,the technique of TEN in the treatment of children's long bone fractures has more advantages over other internal fixations.Carefully performing the procedure according to the principal of TEN can decease and prevent most of these complications.

Objectives To develop and evaluate a real-time fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR method for the detection of a novel CXC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-2?(MIP-2?)mRNA expression based on TaqMan technique.Method The expression of MIP-2? mRNA was detected by TaqMan real time fluorscet quantitative RT-PCR. Results The dynamic range of the assay varied from 102 to 107 copies. The intra- and inter-assay coefficient variation (CV) were less than