Objective To assess the effect of sodium hyaluromate (HA) on degenerative disorders of the knee joint (KJ). Methods A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. The experimental group received injections in the compartments of the involved KJ with 1% HA 20mg, whereas the control group received prednisolone (PS) of 75mg once a week with five injections as one course. One week before and after the treatment , clinical symptoms, amount of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and total protein of synovial fluid were measured and compared. Results Both drugs could relieve the clinical symptoms of KJ degenerative disorders. In HA group, marked improvement rate was 52.78% and failure rate was 2.86%, whereas marked improvement rate was 39.29% and failure rate 17.86% in PS group. The declined levels of IL-6 in synovial fluid were notably greater in HA group than those in PS group. Conclusion Intra-articular injection of HA is effective and safe in treating KJ dgenerative disorders with mild adverse reactions.

Objective To verify the effects of different conc entrations of auecifemine on the function of osteoblast cell expression and oste ogenic ability in vitro . Methods Iliac spongy bone specimens were obtained from twel ve adult patients scheduled surgery. After the bone pieces were treated with col lagenase-trypsin, osteoblasts were obtained from cancellous bones. Then the ost eoblasts were purified and cultivated. They were cultured in medium with various concentrations(1?10 -11 , 1?10 -9 , 1?10 -7 , 1?10 -6 , 1 ?10 -5 , 5?10 -5 mol?L -1 ). The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) acti vity, osterocalcin and osteogenic ability were examined by biochemical assay and radioimmunologic assay (RIA), respectively. Results The co rrelation of auecifemine of different concentrations with ALP activity and osteo calcin secretion was positive. Auecifemine of lower concentrations (1?10 -11 mol?L -1 , 1?10 -9 mol?L -1 and 1?10 -7 mol?L -1 ) s howed the stimulating effect on osteogenic ability and but not higher concentrat ion. Conclusion Estrogen can increase osteoblast ALP activi ty, osteocalcin production, and osteogenic ability.

Objective To investigate the efficacy of relaparoscopic common bile duct exploration in choledocholithiasis.Methods 50 patients who underwent LC/OC/LCBDE/OCBDE for biliary surgery with choledocholithiasis were randomized into two groups:Group A (n ＝25) laparoscopic approach and Group B (n =25) open approach.The operation time,hospital stay,cost of hospitalization and postoperative complications were compared.Results There was no significant difference in the operation time,liver functional index,postoperative bile leakage rate and cost of hospitalization between the two groups.The postoperative hospital stay in group A was shorter than that in group B (7.1 ± 1.5 vs 12.4 ±4.3 days,P ＜0.05),as was the volume of intraoperative blood loss (58.3 ± 24.2 ml vs 108.6 ± 35.7 ml,P ＜ 0.05),recovery of gastrointestinal function (26.3 ±3.6 vs 58.2 ±6.3 hours,P ＜0.05),postoperative analgesia (7/25 vs 17/25,P＜0.05) and wound infection rate (1/25 vs 6/25,P＜0.05).Conclusions Relaparoscopic commonbile duct exploration for recurrent choledocholithiasis appeared to be a safe,feasible,and efficacious procedure when carried out by expert laparoscopic surgeons.The procedure is worth promoting.

Objective To screen the mimic epitopes of Rh(D)blood group antigens and identify their immunity from phage display peptide library.Methods A twelve mer phage peptide library was biopanned with anti-Rh(D)monoclonal antibody immobilized on plastic surface.After three round panning,thirty-five clones were randomly selected and positive clones were identified by ELISA and cross-reaction,followed by antibody competition inhibition assay and DNA sequencing to obtain the mimic epitopes of Rh (D)blood type antigens.The target phage clones were characterized and the antigenicity was analyzed by Western blot.Results After the third round screening,phages were enriched,and eleven positive clones were obtained.According to sequencing and competition inhibition analysis,the same"-WP-Q-"structure existed in seven of the eleven clones,and they had more than 40%inhibition ratio.The other clones had no same characteristics with low inhibition ratio possibly due to non-specific binding.Western blot analysis indicated that these phage clones could be specifically recognized by the anti-Rh(D)serum and they shared the same antigenicity of Rh(D)protein.Conclusions Rh(D)mimotope of"-WP-Q-"structure is successfully obtained by phage peptide library screening with anti-Rh(D)monoelonal antibody.The results lay the foundation for further exploration of pathogenesis and vaccine development of Rh(D)hemolytic diseases of newborn.

Objective To explore the most suitable equation in accessing renal function for the elderly type 2 diabetic patients, and its clinical utility in combination with hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP). Methods The new Cystatin C-based equations for estimated glomerular filtration rate (Cys-eGFR) and conventional predictive equations were compared with isotopic GFR (iGFR) by linear regression analysis, paired t-test, Bland and Altman procedures and non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP were also incorporated for detecting renal disease in this population. Results The new Cys-eGFR equation had a better relativity with iGFR (r= 0.767, P＜0.001), a less bias (bias: 0.0007, P＞0.05), a higher conformance (2SD: 21.56), higher sensitivity (90.7%) and specificity (88.6%) for diagnosing moderate decrease in renal function. There was a negative relationship between the new Cys-eGFR and hsCRP (r=-0.655, P＜0.01). When the new Cys-eGFR was 67.06 ml· min-1 ·1.73 m-2 and hsCRP was 5.65 mg/L, the combination of Cys-eGFR and hsCRP was better than the combination of serum creatinine and urine albumin/creatinine ratio in screening stage 3 chronic kidney disease (95%vs.46%). Conclusions The combination of new Cys-eGFR equation and hsCRP may screen an early decrease of moderate GFR.

There are several special advantages of the application of standardized patients ( SPs) in the assessments of clinical skills examination of medical practitioners .However , this application in China is restricted by some limit factors, such as the shortage of SP trainers and SPs , the huge funds needed and the imbalance of regional develop-ment.The suggestion to overcome those limitation and to promote SPs be applied to the clinical skills examination of medical practitioners are as follow: the preparatory of regional university union of SPs , the introduction of social capital to participate in and the adoption of the mode of scale operation .

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The wilt disease is serious in the culture of S. miltiorrhiza. Wilt disease cause biomass of plant shoots and roots is lessened, active components are decreased. To solve these problems, we research the pathogen causing wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza. The suspected pathogen is identified by morphology and etiological test. The identification was further confirmed by alignment the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplified by PCR. Our result show the wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza mostly occurred in July and August, which is hot and wetter. The wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for one year in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 10%, but the wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for three years in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 60%-70%. The root rot of S. miltiorrhiz caused by the wilt disease, so the wilt disease was mistaken for the rot root in production. Morphological characteristics show the pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The sequence of ITS wes determined and found by BLAST shared 99% identity to that of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. So it comes to the conclusion that the causing agent of wilt disease on S. miltiorrhiza belongs to F. oxysporum.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; microbiology ; Seasons

In clinic, some urinary protein makers can dynamically and noninvasively reflect the degree of renal tubular injury in patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). These urinary biomarkers of tubular damage are broadly divided into two categories. One is newfound, including kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), neutrophil getatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), liver-type fatty acid-binding protein (L-FABP) and cystatin C (CysC); the other one is classical, including beta2 microglobulin (beta2-MG), retinal binding protein (RBP) and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG). It is reported that, the increases in urinary protein markers are not only closely related to the damage of tubular epithelial cells in DN patients, but also can be ameliorated by the treatment with Chinese herbal compound preparations or Chinese herbal medicine. Recently, although urinary proteomics are used in the protein separation and identification, the traditional associated detection of urinary protein markers is more practical in clinic. At present, it is possible that the associated detection of urinary biomarkers of glomerular and tubular damages may be a feasible measure to reveal the clinical significance of urinary protein markers in DN patients and the interventional effects of Chinese herbal medicine.
Biomarkers ; urine ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; complications ; drug therapy ; urine ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Proteinuria ; complications

Objective To establish a guinea pig model of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infec-tion for evaluating the effects of therapeutic vaccines .Methods Guinea pigs were subcutaneously inocula-ted with 5.0×103 CFU Mtb.The skin test was performed with 0.5μg recombinant ESAT6-CFP10 protein to detect positive conversion rates at different time points .Two weeks after Mtb inoculation , guinea pigs in model group received 5 mg isoniazid treatment ( three times a week for four weeks ) by oral gavage , while those in control group received normal saline .At the sixth week after Mtb infection , guinea pigs with and without isoniazid treatment were dissected for pathology examination .The pathological scores of liver , spleen and lung, as well as bacteria loads in spleen were compared between two groups .The established guinea pig model of latent infection was then validated by testing two reference vaccines ( AEC/BC02 and AEC/BC03 ) . Results Two weeks after Mtb inoculation , all guinea pigs showed positive EC skin test with induration area of (19.9±3.0) mm.Upon four weeks of isoniazid treatment , the guinea pigs in model group showed no pathological changes with zero scores in the examined organs .No bacterium was detected in spleen of ani-mals from model group.However, the total pathological score was 38.8±16.5 and bacteria load in spleen was (5.1±0.3) Log10 CFU with the guinea pigs from control group .Natural recurrence of tuberculosis in model group was observed after drug withdrawal .The total pathological scores were 48.5±23.9 and 51.3± 23.41.The bacterial loads in spleen were (4.5±1.3) and (4.2±1.1) Log10 CFU and bacterial loads in lung were (4.1±1.2) and (3.4±1.3) Log10 CFU respectively as verified with reference vaccines of AEC /BC02 and AEC/BC03.Conclusion Isoniazid treatment inhibited the proliferation of inoculated Mtb in guinea pigs.A guinea pig model of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is successfully established with an advantage of good repeatability .Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the effects of therapeutic vaccines on latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.

Objective To establish a suitable guinea pig model for evaluating the protective effects of new TB vaccines in BCG prime-boost regimen .Methods Two different immunization strategies by using the recombinant TB vaccine were employed to boost BCG primed guinea pigs in this study .One was for short-term evaluation with 14 weeks interval between prime and boost immunization and another was for long -term evaluation with 54 weeks interval .In the short-term evaluation group , guinea pigs were boosted twice with the recombinant TB vaccine ( AEC/BC02 ) in every two weeks , while guinea pigs in the long-term evaluation group were boosted for three times with two weeks interval between each injection .A negative con-trol group ( NS→NS) and a BCG control group ( BCG→NS) were both set up in two evaluation groups .One week after the last immunization , all guinea pigs were challenged with M.tuberculosis.Six to seven weeks after bacteria challenge , all animals were euthanized and dissected to evaluate lesion scores of liver , spleen and lung, as well as the viable bacterial load in spleen .Results In the short-term evaluation group , the le-sion scores in those boosted with vaccine (3.33±5.00) was lower than that of BCG control group (5.56± 7.27) (P>0.05) and negative control group (47.00±28.11) (P=0.0001).The difference between BCG control group and negative control group in lesion score was also significant .The animals in vaccine boosted group had lower bacterial loads (0.78±1.55 log10 ) in spleen than that in BCG control group (1.06±1.87) (P>0.05) and negative control group (5.47±0.61) (P=0.0003).In the long-term evaluation group, the lesion score in those boosted with vaccine was lower (5.0±7.6) than that in BCG control group (14.4± 13.5) (P=0.0394) and negative control group (56.9±14.1) (P<0.0001).The animals in vaccine boos-ted group (1.00±1.86 log10) had lower bacterial loads in spleen than that in BCG control group (1.46± 1.94) (P>0.05) and negative control group (5.43±0.56) (P=0.01).There was a significant difference in bacterial load between BCG control group and negative group (P=0.0089).Conclusion The results suggest that the interval time between BCG-prime and boost immunization should be properly prolonged in the guinea pig model used for evaluating the protective effects of new TB vaccines in BCG prime -boost regimen .