Background and purpose:E-cadherin is a calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecule that mediates cell-cell adhesion and also modulates cell migration and tumor invasion.Many studies supported the role of E-cadherin as an invasion suppressor gene.It has been suggested that unlike E-cadherin,?-catenin might promote the invasion and metastasis of carcinoma.This study explored clinical pathological significance of E-cadherin and ?-catenin expressions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods:The PV immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin and ?-catenin in 62 cases of normal esophageal epithelium,31 cases of adjacent atypical hyperplasia epithelium and 62 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Results:The positive rates of E-cadherin decreased by turns in the normal esophageal epithelium,adjacent atypical hyperplasia epithelium and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) specimens were 95.2%,71.0% and 40.3%,respectively.In normal esophageal epithelium,?-catenin showed higher intense expression at the membrane and lower intense expression in the cytoplasm.In contrast to the normal tissue,?-catenin was expressed in the cytoplasm of carcinoma in varied degrees,accompanied by less,or even negative expressions at the membrane.In some cases,?-catenin could be detected in the nucleus.Positive expression of ?-catenin(in cytoplasm) and negative expression of E-cadherin were related to the invasion,differentiation,and lymph node metastasis of ESCC(P

Objective:To construct a prognostic model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with differential expression of autophagy genes.Method:Autophagy genes expression data of HCC and normal liver tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database respectively. The gene expression data from different platforms is normalized into log 2(FPKM value + 1). Differentially expressed autophagy-related genes of HCC were identified by using R program limma package from the TCGA-GTEx combined data set, the criteria of |logFC| > 1 and FDR < 0.05 was deemed to be of statistically significance. The Gene Ontology (GO) analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed by using R program clusterProfiler package, as criteria of P<0.05. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed by using R program survival package to identify the HCC potential prognostic differentially expressed autophagy-related genes. Furthermore, the statistically significant ( P<0.05) autophagy genes in the univariate Cox regression analysis were included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis, and the expression of each differentially expressed autophagy gene and the corresponding regression coefficient coef value based on this, the autophagy gene prognosis model of HCC was constructed: expmRNA1×βmRNA1+ expmRNA2×βmRNA2+ …+ expmRNAn×βmRNAn (exp: gene expression level; β: regression coefficient coef of multivariate Cox regression analysis). Draw the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the predictive model and calculate the area under curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive value of the model. Results:The genes expression data and clinical information of 374 HCC samples and 160 normal liver tissue samples were obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases. Total 205 autophagy genes expression data was obtained from the TCGA-GTEx combined sequence. Among them, SPNS1, DIRAS3, TMEM74, NRG2, NRG1, IRGM, IKBKE, NKX2-3, BIRC5, CDKN2A, TP73 are differentially expressed autophagy genes that meet the screening criteria. GO analysis mainly enriched in "regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity" , "ErbB 2 signaling pathway" , "protein kinase regulator activity" and "kinase regulator activity" ; KEGG analysis enriched frequently in "EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance" , "Hippo signaling pathway" . After integrating and deleting samples with missing survival information, a total of 418 sample expressions were included in the Cox regression analysis. After univariate and multivariate Cox risk regression analysis, the two autophagy genes NRG1 ( HR=1.5565, 95% CI: 1.1793-2.0543) and IKBKE ( HR=1.7502, 95% CI: 1.2093-2.5330) were screened out and a prognostic prediction model was established: (0.44247 × NRG1 expression level) + (0.55977 × IKBKE expression level). The ROC of the prognosis model shows that the AUC of the overall seven-year survival is 0.711. Conclusion:The prognosis model of HCC based on NRG1 and IKBKE has high predictive value for the long-term survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Objective To evaluate the procedure and the therapeutic efficacy of duodenumpreserving pancreatic head resection (DPPHR) in treating benign lesions in the head of the pancreas.Methods From February 2003 to August 2011,DPPHR was performed in 21 patients with benign lesions in the head of the pancreas.Thirteen patients were male and eight were female.Age ranged from 30 to 48 years,and the lesions ranged from 2.0 cm to 5.6 cm in diameter.Posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery was conserved in all patients.Results There was no hospital death.Pancreatic fistula was the main and the most often morbidity,occurring in 33.3％.After operation all patients with preoperative abdominal pain were completely pain free.Preoperative hypoglycemia in 2 patients turned to eugycemia.There was no recurrences report during following up.Concl~ions DPPHR was safe and effective in treating benign lesion in the head of pancreas.It was important in preserving blood supply to the duodenum by posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

Objective To investigate the genetic polymorphism of DXS8378 STR locus of chromosome X in Chinese Lisu,Pumi and De'ang populations in Yunnan and construct relative standard allelic ladders.Methods After being amplified by PCR,different STR allelic fragments were isolated from the PAG electrophoresis.The STR allelic fragments were extracted by kit and reamplified by PCR to obtain purified allelic fragments.Next,the purified allelic fragments were subcloned individually into the PUC plasmid vectors,and the size and structure of the inserts were confirmed by the analysis of their DNA sequences.Then we transfected it into competent E.coli DH5?TM cells,and finally,the recombinant plasmids DNA with the inserts were used as template for reamplification to generate the standard ladders.Results The standard allelic ladder for DXS8378 locus was obtained,with which the genetic polymorphisms of DXS8378 locus in three Chinese populations in Yunnan were studied.Conclusion The standard ladder made by this method is excellent,and DXS8378 is powerful for forensic practice in Chinese population.

Objective To analysis of incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in urban Guangzhou during 2000-2011 and discuss the trends.Methods The incidence and mortality rates were calculated by analyzing data obtained from Guangzhou Cancer Registration Center.Standardized rates were calculated using the Segi's World Standard Population.According to the characters of morbidity and mortality,ages were divided into three groups of 0-64,65-74 and ≥ 75 years.The average annual percentage change (AAPC) were calculated by Jointpoint Regression Program 4.0.4.Results Altogether 3 029 new cases of prostate cancer and 964 related deaths were registered between 2000 and 2011.The AAPC was 10.01％ (95％ CI:6.00％-14.20％) in crude incidence rate and 8.04％ (95％ CI:6.20％-9.90％) in crude mortality rate,resulting in a total increase of 287.76％ (from 4.82 to 18.69 per 100 000 population) in incidence and 142.90％ (from 2.41 to 5.86 per 100000 population) over the 12 years.There was no significant difference in both standardized incidence and mortality change.The AAPC was 11.51％ (95％ CI:6.00％-17.30％) in 0-64 age incidence rate (resulting in increase of 315.87％ and 1.99 per 100,000 population),4.19％ (95％ CI:0.30％-8.20％) in 65-74 age incidence rate (resulting in increase of 92.72％ and 45.82 per 100 000 population) and 2.77％ (95％CI:-1.00％-6.70％) in ≥75 age incidence rate (resulting in increase of 42.84％ and 63.13 per 100 000 population).The age incidence rate increase was the largest in the ≥ 75 age group,but fastest in the younger group.The age mortality trend was only statistically significant in 0-64 age group,AAPC was 6.25％ (95％ CI:0.30％-12.60％).Conclusions The incidence and mortality rates of Guangzhou increased in a fast rate.The prevention and control of prostate cancer should be strengthened.

Objective To study the treatment of abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) secondary to fulminant acute pancreatitis (FAP).Method A retrospective study was conducted from Jan.2009 to Dec.2011 to analyze the therapeutic results of 18 patients with ACS secondary to FAP.Results Three out of 7 patients who received non-operative therapy died (mortality rate 42.9％).Three out of 11 patients treated with early surgery died (mortality rate 27.3％),which was significantly better than those patients treated conservatively.Conclusion A reduction in intra-abdominal pressure improved the function of the viscera in the treatment of ACS secondary to FAP.The decompressive effects of early surgery was efficacious,and it reduced the mortality rate.

AIM:To establish a method for detecting three aconitum alkaloids(aconitine,mesaconitine,hy-paconitine) in Zhentong Huoluo Tincture(Radix Aconiti,Radix Aconiti kusnezoffii,Radix et Rhizoma Rhei,Rhizoma Pinelliae,Rhizoma Arisaematis ect.).METHODS:A ZOBAX Extend-C_ 18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) column was used to determine the aconitum alkaloids in Zhentong Huoluo Tincture.The mobile was gradient elution,0.1% die-thylamine(adjust pH 9.0 with phosphoric acid) as mobile A;0-20 min A∶B(63∶37),20-45 min A∶B(63∶55∶37→45),at the rate of 1 mL/min.The temperature of column was 30 ℃,and the wavelength was at 232 nm.RESULTS:The linearity of the aconitine in 9.74 ng-974 ng was 0.999 9;that of the mesaconitine in 23.86-2 386 ng was 0.999 9 and that of the hypaconitine in 29.94 ng-2 994 ng was 0.999 9.The RSD of precision for these three were 1.50%、0.68% and 0.49%,respectively.The average recoveries and its RSD were 100.2%(RSD 3.2 %)、102.9%(RSD 2.2%) and 98.2(RSD 2.0%),respectively for aconitin,mesaconitine and hypaconitine.The reproducibilities were all less than 2.0%,and the sample solution was stable in 24 h.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,accurate and has good stability,can be used for the quantity control in the product of Zhentong Huoluo Tincture.

AIM: To establish a method for detecting the residual solvents in protopanaxdiol. METHODS: Capillary GC with HP-PLOT-Q column (30 m ? 0. 53 mm ? 1. 0 ?m) was used to determine residual in protopanaxdiol. N,N-dimethyl-acetamide as solvent media,FID detector and nitrogen as the carrier gas. RESULTS: There was a good linearity at the experimental concentration (r = 0. 999 96-0. 999 99),the RSD of precision was less than 6. 0 % . The spotting recovery of the 3 residul,including methol,ethyl acetate and n-butanol,was in the range of 98. 2%-102. 2% ,and its’RSD was 1. 1%-2. 4% . CONCLUSION: The method is simple,accurate and of high sensitivity,can be used for the determination of residual solvents in protopanaxdiol.

Objective Explore the effect of case method on clinical teaching of Medical Oncology. Methods The case method was taken in the teaching of Clinical Oncology for trial group,and the traditional method teaching was taken for contrast group of our university. At the end of term, we made a questionnaire and statistics examination records. Results (1) It was conducive to good learning ability. Case method teaching in Clinical Oncology could cultivate student's ability to study independently. (2) Comparing examination records of the two groups, it also showed a significant difference ( <0.05) . Conclusion (1) Case method teaching has good teaching effect, and it can cultivate student's ability to study independently. (2) Application of case teaching method in Clinical Oncology received a very good teaching result, but the assessment system should be established and improved.

Objective: To examine the association between neonatal birth weight and maternal type 2 diabetes (T2DM), so as to provide insights into the formulation of the early T2DM prevention and improvements of maternal and children health. Methods: Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were collected from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that examined the association between neonatal birth weight and maternal T2DM. Inverse variance weighted method was employed for forward Mendelian randomization with 26 birth weight-associated SNPs as instrumental variables and maternal T2DM as the study outcome and for reverse Mendelian randomization with 18 maternal T2DM-associated SNPs as instrumental variables and maternal effects of neonatal birth weight as the study outcome. The heterogeneity was examined using Cochran's Q test, and the pleiotropy was evaluated using MR-Egger regression, while the robustness of the results was evaluated using leave-one-out test. Results: Cochran's Q test detected heterogeneity across two studies (P=0.019, 0.038), and random effect models were employed. Mendelian randomization showed that an increase in neonatal birth weight by per standard error (approximately 488 g) resulted a 29.9% reduction in the risk of maternal T2DM (OR=0.701, 95%CI: 0.547-0.899), and maternal T2DM increased the neonatal birth weight by 0.074 standard errors (OR=1.074, 95%CI: 1.043-1.106). No horizontal pleiotropy was seen for instrumental variables (P=0.241, 0.188). With each SNP excluded in turn, the results of Mendelian randomization study were robust. Conclusion There are bidirectional associations between neonatal birth weight and risk of maternal T2DM.