Breast cancer is the most common disease in women worldwide, which not only threatened the women’s survival time, but also inlfuenced their quality of life as well. Within this challenge, it’s important to optimize the current multidisciplinary treatment stratagem for breast cancer. Radiotherapy is one of the most important treatment modality for patients with breast cancer, with the trend to shrink the irradiated volume and shorten the total fraction times in recent years. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) as a fast and convenient procedure has the ability to deliver a high, single-fraction radiation dose to tumor beds with minimal exposure of surrounding tissues (lung, heart, etc.), which could be displaced or shielded right after the tumor removal during the surgical procedure. Right now, IORT has been either integrated as a boost technique in multimodal approaches using postoperative EBRT in the treatment of early breast cancer patients undergoing breast conservation surgery or used as a single dose accelerated partial breast irradiation technique for these patients. This review discussed the rationale of IORT, the beneifts and limitations of IORT, the indication and the clinical results of this procedure, including treatment related side-effects as well in order to provide the preliminary evidence based approach for early breast cancer patients.

Objective To determine the optimal suetioning negative pressure based on various sputum viscosity in brain-in-jured patients with tracheotomy. Methods Forty-three traumatic brain-injured patients with traeheotomy were recruited in the study. The negative pressure was determined based on the grade of sputum viscosity. Grade Ⅰ sputum was suetioned with the negative pressure of 13.3kPa,16.0kPa,20.0kPa and 24.0kPa, while Grade Ⅱ sputum with 20.0kPa,24.0kPa,26.TkPa and 29.3kPa,and Grade Ⅲ sputum with 26.7kPa,29.3kPa, 33.3kPa and 37.2kPa. The oxygen saturation(SpO2)was mort-itored before and lmin,3min,5min after endotracheal suctioning. At the same time,the suctioning time and tissue trauma were recorded. The data were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance with SPSS 13.0 software. Results The results showed that the optimal negative pressure was 13.3-16.0kPa for grade Ⅰ sputum,24.0-26.7kPa for grade Ⅱ sputum and 33.3kPa for grade Ⅲ sputum,which could ensure the minimum decrease of SpO2 and control the suctioning time within 25s or 30s respectively. Conclusion For traumatic brain-injured patients,varions negative pressure should be selected based on the sputum viscosity by the clinical nurses when suctioning is performed,in order to avoid hypoxemia and tissue trauma caused by suctioning.

In vitro and in vivo animal model experiments have found that salidroside has protective effect for various causes induced injuries in various neurons and brain tissue.Its mechanisms of neuroprotection are multiple:(1)Protecting neurons from apoptotic injury by resisting oxidative stress,preventing intracellular Ca2 + overload,inhibiting caspase-3 activation,and attenuating hypoxia-induced abnormal metabolism of amyloid precursor protein;(2)promoting directional differentiation of stem cells into neurons and inducing neuronal regeneration;(3)promoting erythropoietin stimulating erythroblasts to be differentiated into erythrocytes and decreasing cerebrovascular resistance,and improving cerebral hypoxia-ischemia.Salidroside is expected to be used in the prevention and treatment of cerebral ischemic and neurodegenerative diseases,such as cerebral infarction,Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and diabetic encephalopathy.

The etiology of nasopharyngeal carcinoma is still not very clear.Epigenetics is proved to play an important role in the occurrence and development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Detection of epigenetics can serve as molecular index of NPC,and it is advantageous to the prognosis and disease of NPC.Different intervention measures in the epigenetics can be used as a new treatment of NPC,as well as the development of new NPC radiotherapy sensitization agent and new drugs.Study of epigenetics changes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma provides a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment in NPC and so on.

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a kind of degenerative disease caused by both genetic and environ-mental factors. Concerning these two factors, various animal models for parkinson's disease were made for the study. Transgenic animal models were made by the method of microinjection, electronic perforation, particle bom-bardment, virus vector transfection and so on, which can express exogenous target gene. These models imitated the process of Parkinson's desease induced by virulence gene and provided a powerful tool for investigation on e-tiopathogenesis, gene therapy and medical intervention. In this article, we reviewed the progress of genetic models associated with PD and theirs contribution to PD research.

OBJECTIVETo study the impacts of electroacupuncture (EA) on memory impairment after cerebral infarction through the observation of hydrogen proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) of brain tissue metabolites in the patients of cerebral infarction.

METHODSSixty cases of memory impairment after cerebral infarction were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. The conventional rehabilitation training and medication were applied to all the patients. In the observation group, beside the basic treatment, EA was applied to bilateral Ezhongxian (MS 1), Dingzhongxian (MS 5), Dingniehouxiexian (MS 7), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Zusanli (ST 36), Taixi (KI 3), Xuanzhong (GB 39) and Fengchi (GB 20). The treatment was given once a day, 5 times a week, for 8 weeks. The clinical memory scale was used for the score evaluation before and after treatment in all the patients. The magnetic resonance image (MRI) and 1H-MRS scanning were applied to the head. The ratio of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) and the ratio of choline (Cho) and Cr were determined in the foci of cerebral infarction.

RESULTSEight weeks later, the scores of clinical memory scale were all increased after treatment as compared with those before treatment in the two group (all P<0. 01). The ratio of NAA and Cr was increased as compared with that before treatment (P<0. 05); the ratio of Cho and Cr was reduced as compared with that before treatment (P<0. 05). The changes in the observation group were more obvious than those in the control group (all P<0. 05).

CONCLUSIONOn the basis of the conventional medication and rehabilitation training, EA improves the metabolism of brain tissue and memory function of the patients. The efficacy of this therapy is better than that of medication combined with rehabilitation training.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; Cerebral Infarction ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Memory ; Memory Disorders ; etiology ; psychology ; therapy ; Middle Aged ; Radiography

Vesicoureteral reflux,a most common congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract,is associated with the malformation of ureterovesical junction. It does not cause any specific symptoms or signs un-less it is part of a syndrome or complicated by urinary tract infection. The exact cause is not clear,and genes or environmental factors may result in vesicoureteral reflux. The prevalence of siblings and offspring of reflux pa-tients are higher than normal control groups,so the genetic screening is necessary. This article will review the ge-netics of vesicoureteral reflux and possible interactions.

Osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma are the two most common types of primary malignant bone tumors. Receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs),including varieties of cell growth factors and proto-oncogene pro-ducts,are the high-affinity cell surface receptors which play an important role in the normal physiological func-tion of cells. A large number of studies have demonstrated that the abnormal RTKs signaling pathways may pro-mote the tumorigenesis and development of osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma by affecting tumor cell survival, proliferation,invasion and metastasis. Targeting treatment of RTKs is a promising therapeutic approach for osteosarcoma and ewing sarcoma.

Objective To investigate the perinatal outcomes of isolated single umbilical artery (ISUA) in full-term birth. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 82 252 pregnant women (aged<35 years;singleton; full-term live birth; no known chromosomal/structural anomalies) who delivered between January 1, 2011 and January 1, 2012 in 39 hospitals in 14 cities in China. There were 273 cases with ISUA as study group and 1 092 cases with a three-vessel cord selected in a 1∶4 ratio as control group. Perinatal outcomes including delivery modes (vaginal delivery or emergency cesarean section for fetal reasons), birth weight and height, placental weight, umbilical cord length, Apgar scores at 1 min, and rate of neonatal asphyxia were analyzed retrospectively. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, two independent samples t-test or rank sum test. Results The incidence of ISUA was 0.3%(273/82 252). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to maternal age, parity, gravidity, smoking status, gestational age at birth, or rate of complications during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus or pregnancy-induced hypertension) (all P>0.05). The birth weight in ISUA group and control group was (3 259±463) and (3 344±411) g (t=3.689), birth hight was (48.6±2.7) and (49.7±1.9) cm (t=8.368), placental weight was (508±72) and (543±153) g (t=3.114), umbilical cord length was (52.6±8.1) and (53.7±7.5) cm (t=1.983), and Apgar scores at 1 min were 9.0 (8.0-10.0) and 10.0 (9.0-10.0) (Z=11.831), respectively; the values in the ISUA group were lower than those in control group (all P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the rate of vaginal delivery and emergeny cesarean section for fetal reasons between the ISUA group and control group [52.8%(144/273) and 49.9%(545/1 092),χ2=0.704;19.4%(25/273) and 15.7% (86/1 092), χ2=1.162; both P>0.05]. Conclusions ISUA does not increase emergency cesarean delivery rates for the fetal reasons, but the fetal growth and development may fall behind those with a three-vessel umbilical cord. Monitoring during pregnancy and delivery should be intensified for fetuses with ISUA.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its mechanism of edaravone against rat renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by cisplatin. Methods The rat renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were divided into the control, model control (50μmol·mL-1 cisplatin), group A (50μmol·mL-1 cisplatin plus 10μmol·mL-1 edaravone), B (50μmol·mL-1 cisplatin plus 20 μmol·mL-1 edaravone), and C (50 μmol·mL-1 cisplatin plus 40 μmol·mL-1 edaravone). The cell proliferation ability, content of malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS) , rate of apoptosis, express of protein and mRNA of Bax, Bcl-2 and Caspase-3 activation of cell were detected. Results The proliferation and SOD activity in NRK-52E cells declined, malondialdehyde and ROS were elevated upon being co-cultured with cisplatin. Moreover, the rate of apoptosis, express of protein and mRNA of Bax and Bcl-2, and Caspase-3 activation of cells were upregulated compared to the control group. However, edaravone stimulated cell proliferation, SOD activity and protein and mRNA of Bcl-2 and lowered content of malondialdehyde, level of ROS, rate of apoptosis, express of Bax protein and mRNA and Caspase-3 activation of cell(P<0. 05). Conclusion Edaravone can alleviate rat renal tubular epithelial cell injury induced by cisplatin, via inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating cell apoptosis.