Objective To measure anatomical parameter of internal carotid artery in petrous bone, and provide anatomical basis for operations Methods The anatomical study of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in petrous bone and related landmarks was studied in 15 adult cadaver brain specimens under the microscope Results The petrous segment of the ICA can be divided into ascending,bend and horizontal portion The great superficial petrous nerve was the best landmark through which the petrous segment of ICA can be exposed in operations. Conclusions If we are familiar with the anatomy of the petrous segment of the ICA and related landmarks,the petrous segment of the ICA can be protected very well in operations with less complications and better prognosis.

The methods and technology of immunopharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica have been progressing rapidly in recent years. The regulation of Chinese Materia Medica on the activity of cytokine and effector cells is reviewed in this article. Many clinical studies indicate that Chinese Materia Medica can regulate the production and activity of IFN, ILs, TNF, etc., and affect the cytotoxieity of NK. LAK, CTL, etc. The immunopharmcological research of Chinese Materia Medica in molecular and cellular levels is useful for explaining the mechanism of whole regulation and two-way regulation depending on the function of the body. In this article, the relations between quantity and effect, the study in vivo and in vitro, and the whole drug and its component are also reviewed.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference material for improving the competitive capacity of pharmaceutical enter?prises in China.METHODS:Using the general principle of internationized management theory,the present situation,superiority and inferiority of China's pharmaceutical enterprises in management were analysed,and the strategy of internationized man?agement was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:China's pharmaceutical enterprises are facing opportunity and chal?lenge,only through rational,large-scaled,concentrated and internationized management can their market competitive power be raised.

OBJECTIVE To introduce the characteristic and advantage of a kind of therapeutic method for chronic tibial osteomyelitis by cleaning the focus,iodophor sterilizing and then bone grafting at some selective time.METHODS Ribbon-gauze immersed with iodophor was used for tamponade and constant hydropathic compress after a surgery of debridement,then intramedullary bone grafting was performed.RESULTS This treating manner was applied in 18 patients with chronic tibial osteomyelitis and 17 cases(94.4%) healed,1 case recrudesced.CONCLUSIONS It is reliable for this kind of therapeutic method by debriding the focus,followed by an open and constant hydropathic compress with iodophor,and then grafting bone,which may promote the healing rate of chronic tibial osteomyelitis.

Objective To isolate and identify the aseites-derived exosomes from patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma,and explore the relationship between exosomes and the prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Ascites-derived egosomes were isolated by ultraeentrifugation on sucrose and D2O gradients from 41 ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients,and identified by transmission electron microscope and western blot analyses.Ascites-derived exosomes were evaluated for effect on prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Resulls Exosomes were isolated and purified from the ascites in 85% (35/41)of ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients;major histocompability complex-I(MHC-I)could be detected in 100%(35/35)of the aseites-derived exosomes samples,heat shock protein-70(Hsp70)in 91%(32/35),and CD81 in 86%(30/35).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes had no significant difference in age,pathological type and the degree of differentiation of tumor,surgical-pathological staging,the optimal operation and the responsibility to chemotherapy(P>0.05).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes,the reduction of CA125 level after cytoreduetive surgery was(66±27)%,which was more than that of the patients without ascites-derived exosomes(37±86)%and all the whole patients not considering the condition of exosomes(61±44)%(P<0.01),and there were also no difference whether or no optimal operation ration(P<0.01).Conclusions There are ascites-derived exosomes in ascites from most patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma.While the relationship between exosomes and prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma needs further research.

Objective: To obtain anatomical parameters for surgery of the cavernous sinus. Methods:The anatomical study of nerves and triangles of the cavernous sinous was made in 15 adult cadaver brians by microanatomical methods. Results: Ten triangles of the cavernous sinus and 3rd cranial nerve, 4th cranial nerve in each cavernous sinus were studied. It was discovered that almost all content could be shown through Hakuba triangle and Parkinson triangle. Conclusion: The anatomical parameters of cavernous sinus is obtained, it is useful for surgical treatment of cavernous diseases. [

Electrophysiological monitoring of the activity of the penile sympathetic skin responses (PSSR) in healthy men and patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PSSR were recorded from the skin of penis with disk electrodes at the time of electric stimulation of left median nerves. Results: PSSR were recorded from all the healthy men and almost all the patients. In healthy men the latency of P0, the latency of N1, the duration of N1 and the amplitude of N1 were 1249 ± 111 ms, 2239 ± 286 ms, 1832 ± 505 ms and 470 μV (median), respectively. In ED patients the latency of P0, the latency of N1, the duration of N1 and the amplitude of N1 were 1467 ± 183 ms ( P ＜ 0.01), 2561±453 ms (P ＜0.05), 2560±861 ms (P ＜0.01) and 91 μV (P ＜0.01), respectively. The normal latency of P0 was less than 1471 ms. The normal amplitude of N1 was more than 235 μV. According to this normal value, of 20 patients 11 showed longer latency of P0, and 14 showed lower amplitude of N1 as compared with those of normal subjects.Conclusion: PSSR can be used as an electrophysiological method in assisting the diagnosis of ED.

AIM: To study the mRNA and protein expression of Kang ai1 (KAI1) tumor suppressor gene and to determine the relationship between KAI1 and invasiveness and metastasis of cervical cancer. METHODS: The expression of KAI1 metastasis suppressor was detected by immunohistochemistry in paraffin slides and by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in fresh tissue. The samples included 20 cases of normal cervical tissues, 20 cases of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and 40 cases of cervical carcinoma. The results of the gene expression combined with the pathological and clinical data were also analyzed. RESULTS: The expression of KAI1 protein and mRNA was related to the tissue differentiation of cervix. The positive rates of KAI1 expression were the highest in the normal cervical tissue, the middle in CIN and the lowest in cervical carcinoma with significant difference among three groups (P<0.01). The expression of KAI1 protein was not related with the grade of CIN (P>0.05). However, both mRNA and protein expression of KAI1 were related to the differentiation and the clinical stages of cervical cancer (P<0.01) and also related to the metastasis of the cancer. The positive rates between the non-lymphatic metastasis and lymphatic metastasis (P<0.05) were significant different. Cox regression and logistic regression showed that the tissue differentiation, clinical stages, lymphatic metastasis and expression of KAI1 were all related factors with recurrence and prognosis of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: The down-regulation of KAI1 tumor suppressor gene at both mRNA and protein levels is related to the differentiation, clinical stages and metastasis of cervical cancer, indicating that the expression of KAI1 is a prognostic factor for cervical cancer.

Objective To investigate the changes of capacitive arterial compliance(C1) and oscillatory arterial compliance (C2) in elderly patients with the coronary atherosclerosis and the coronary heart disease (CHD)and to study the association between Gensini Score and C1 or C2.MethodsElderly subjects (160 cases) were divided into three groups according to the results of selective coronary angiography: the normal,the coronary atherosclerosis and the CHD group. C1 and C2 were measured using a DO-2020 cardiovascular profiling instrument.The stenosis severity of coronary artery diseases was assessed using a scoring system called Gensini score. Bivariate analyses were performed to study the association between Gensini Score of coronary artery and each of C1 and C2.Results C2 in the coronary atherosclerosis group was significantly lower than that in the normal group, and higher than in CHD group. C1 had no statistically difference among the three groups. Gensini integral in the coronary atherosclerosis versus the CHD groups were ( 5.4+2.6) vs.( 51.3+ 32.1), respectively (t= 10.574, P＜0.01). Gensini Score in the coronary atherosclerosis group had no relation with C1, and was negtively correlated with C2. ConclusionsC2 is decreased in the early stages of the coronary artery atherosclerosis in elderly patients, and may help the identification of early coronary atherosclerosis.

Objective To observe the effect of health education and installation of improved stove in control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis in Pingba County of Guizhou Province.Methods Two towns(Shizi and Qibo) of Pingba County that had implemented the health education and installed the improved stoves for control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis were selected as the investigation sites.Two villages in each selected town and 30 householders as well as all students of grade 4-6 were investigated.Questionnaires were made by survey of the fluorosis control knowledge,household investigations were used to know the use of household stoves,corn and peppers drying method,and the dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 were examined by Dean methods before the intervention(2006) and after implementation(2009) of health education and improvement of stoves.Results The awareness of fluorosis control among students and households after the intervention was 97.36％ (405/416) and 86.46％(415/480),respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(x2 =658.86,163.10,all P ＜ 0.01) compared with that before the intervention [32.19％(1083/3364),43.33％(130/300)].Correct using rate of the household stoves was 95.42％ (229/240) after the intervention and 45.85％ (3976/8672) before the intervention,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =230.25,P ＜ 0.01).The correct rates of drying corn and chili were 91.67％ (110/120) and 97.50％ (117/120) before the intervention,and 20.00％ (12/60),26.67％ (16/60) after the intervention,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =94.07,104.02,all P ＜ 0.01).The incidences of dental fluorosis of children aged 8-12 were 31.21％(1305/4182) after the intervention and 87.71％(2856/3256) before the intervention,the difference was statistically significant(x2 =2371.91,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The measures of health education and intervention of stove improvement in Pingba County of Guizhou Province for prevention and control of coal-burning-borne endemic fluorosis is effective.