Objective To measure anatomical parameter of internal carotid artery in petrous bone, and provide anatomical basis for operations Methods The anatomical study of the internal carotid artery (ICA) in petrous bone and related landmarks was studied in 15 adult cadaver brain specimens under the microscope Results The petrous segment of the ICA can be divided into ascending,bend and horizontal portion The great superficial petrous nerve was the best landmark through which the petrous segment of ICA can be exposed in operations. Conclusions If we are familiar with the anatomy of the petrous segment of the ICA and related landmarks,the petrous segment of the ICA can be protected very well in operations with less complications and better prognosis.

The methods and technology of immunopharmacology for Chinese Materia Medica have been progressing rapidly in recent years. The regulation of Chinese Materia Medica on the activity of cytokine and effector cells is reviewed in this article. Many clinical studies indicate that Chinese Materia Medica can regulate the production and activity of IFN, ILs, TNF, etc., and affect the cytotoxieity of NK. LAK, CTL, etc. The immunopharmcological research of Chinese Materia Medica in molecular and cellular levels is useful for explaining the mechanism of whole regulation and two-way regulation depending on the function of the body. In this article, the relations between quantity and effect, the study in vivo and in vitro, and the whole drug and its component are also reviewed.

Objective To isolate and identify the aseites-derived exosomes from patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma,and explore the relationship between exosomes and the prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Methods Ascites-derived egosomes were isolated by ultraeentrifugation on sucrose and D2O gradients from 41 ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients,and identified by transmission electron microscope and western blot analyses.Ascites-derived exosomes were evaluated for effect on prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma.Resulls Exosomes were isolated and purified from the ascites in 85% (35/41)of ovarian epithelial carcinoma patients;major histocompability complex-I(MHC-I)could be detected in 100%(35/35)of the aseites-derived exosomes samples,heat shock protein-70(Hsp70)in 91%(32/35),and CD81 in 86%(30/35).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes had no significant difference in age,pathological type and the degree of differentiation of tumor,surgical-pathological staging,the optimal operation and the responsibility to chemotherapy(P>0.05).The patients with positive ascites-derived exosomes,the reduction of CA125 level after cytoreduetive surgery was(66±27)%,which was more than that of the patients without ascites-derived exosomes(37±86)%and all the whole patients not considering the condition of exosomes(61±44)%(P<0.01),and there were also no difference whether or no optimal operation ration(P<0.01).Conclusions There are ascites-derived exosomes in ascites from most patients with ovarian epithelial carcinoma.While the relationship between exosomes and prognosis of ovarian epithelial carcinoma needs further research.

OBJECTIVE To introduce the characteristic and advantage of a kind of therapeutic method for chronic tibial osteomyelitis by cleaning the focus,iodophor sterilizing and then bone grafting at some selective time.METHODS Ribbon-gauze immersed with iodophor was used for tamponade and constant hydropathic compress after a surgery of debridement,then intramedullary bone grafting was performed.RESULTS This treating manner was applied in 18 patients with chronic tibial osteomyelitis and 17 cases(94.4%) healed,1 case recrudesced.CONCLUSIONS It is reliable for this kind of therapeutic method by debriding the focus,followed by an open and constant hydropathic compress with iodophor,and then grafting bone,which may promote the healing rate of chronic tibial osteomyelitis.

Objective: To obtain anatomical parameters for surgery of the cavernous sinus. Methods:The anatomical study of nerves and triangles of the cavernous sinous was made in 15 adult cadaver brians by microanatomical methods. Results: Ten triangles of the cavernous sinus and 3rd cranial nerve, 4th cranial nerve in each cavernous sinus were studied. It was discovered that almost all content could be shown through Hakuba triangle and Parkinson triangle. Conclusion: The anatomical parameters of cavernous sinus is obtained, it is useful for surgical treatment of cavernous diseases. [

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference material for improving the competitive capacity of pharmaceutical enter?prises in China.METHODS:Using the general principle of internationized management theory,the present situation,superiority and inferiority of China's pharmaceutical enterprises in management were analysed,and the strategy of internationized man?agement was put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:China's pharmaceutical enterprises are facing opportunity and chal?lenge,only through rational,large-scaled,concentrated and internationized management can their market competitive power be raised.

Electrophysiological monitoring of the activity of the penile sympathetic skin responses (PSSR) in healthy men and patients with erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PSSR were recorded from the skin of penis with disk electrodes at the time of electric stimulation of left median nerves. Results: PSSR were recorded from all the healthy men and almost all the patients. In healthy men the latency of P0, the latency of N1, the duration of N1 and the amplitude of N1 were 1249 ± 111 ms, 2239 ± 286 ms, 1832 ± 505 ms and 470 μV (median), respectively. In ED patients the latency of P0, the latency of N1, the duration of N1 and the amplitude of N1 were 1467 ± 183 ms ( P ＜ 0.01), 2561±453 ms (P ＜0.05), 2560±861 ms (P ＜0.01) and 91 μV (P ＜0.01), respectively. The normal latency of P0 was less than 1471 ms. The normal amplitude of N1 was more than 235 μV. According to this normal value, of 20 patients 11 showed longer latency of P0, and 14 showed lower amplitude of N1 as compared with those of normal subjects.Conclusion: PSSR can be used as an electrophysiological method in assisting the diagnosis of ED.

Objective To investigate the effect of hypertension on the large artery elasticity index (C1),the small artery elasticity index (C2) and the medial structure of the ascending aorta as well as the relationship between artery elasticity and the medial structure of the ascending aorta.Methods Sixty patients with CHD receiving coronary artery bypass graft surgery at our hospital were divided into two groups:30 patients in the hypertension group and 30 patients in the non-hypertension group.C1 and C2 were measured using the CVProfilor DO-2020 system.Sections of tissues taken from the anterior wall of the ascending aorta during the surgery were subjected to Masson's trichrome staining for the detection of vascular smooth muscle and collagen fibers and Weigert's resorcin-fuchsin staining for the detection of elastic fibers.The relative areas of vascular smooth muscle fibers,collagen fibers and elastic fibers of the ascending aorta were measured by a computer image analysis system under the light microscope.The linear correlations of C1 and C2 with the medial structure of the ascending aorta were analyzed.Results C1 in the non hypertension group was higher than that in thehypertensiongroup[11.9±1.8 (ml/mmHg×10) w 13.1±2.5 (ml/mmHg×10),t 2.22,P ＜0.05].In the media of the ascending aorta,the relative content of collagen fibers was higher,while the relative content of elastic fibers was lower in the hypertension group than in the non-hypertension group [(46.0±3.8)％ w (42.2±3.0)％,(17.5±3.5)％ vs.(19.3 2.7)％,respectively,t=4.24 and 2.20,P＜0.01 or 0.05].C1 was positively correlated with the relative content of elastic fibers but negatively correlated with the relative content of collagen fibers in both groups (r=0.52 and 0.39,respectively,P＜0.05 or 0.01).Conclusions The main pathogenic basis of hypertension-induced decline in arterial elasticity in CHD patients is increased collagen fibers and reduced elastic fibers with disorganization of the two types of components.C1 may accurately reflect the effect of hypertension on medial collagen fibers and elastic fibers in the ascending aorta.

Icariin is one of the key active components of Epimedium species, which is most widely applied to supplement the kidney in traditional Chinese medicine. Scientific research has found that icariin possesses extensive therapeutic effects such as protecting neurons from injury, promoting growth of neuronal synapse, improving sexual dysfunction and bone morphogenesis, as well as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and anti-depression functions. Considering that molecular mechanism is the fundamental basis for pharmaceutical efficacy of icariin, in this article, the authors retrospectively retrieved 122 scientific papers recorded in the PubMed database with "icariin" in the title from January 1, 1995 to January 5, 2011. It was found that icariin has been closely highlighted in the intervention of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signal pathways, inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5, and regulation of nuclear receptors. Besides, the authors also discussed the main orientation for molecular mechanism of icariin in future research.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of Sanqi Qiancao Recipe (SQR) in treating metrorrhagia caused by copper intrauterine device (IUD) in rabbits and to provide experimental evidence for preventing and treating this disease. METHODS: Fifty-six rabbits were randomly divided into seven groups, which were normal control group, sham-operation group, untreated group, indomethacin-treated group, low-dose SQR-treated group, medium-dose SQR-treated group and high-dose SQR-treated group. Copper IUD insertion was operated in rabbits of the last five groups. Rabbits in the last four groups were treated orally with indomethacin and low-, medium- and high-dose SQR respectively for a week. Rabbits in the untreated group, normal control group and sham-operation group were given distilled water orally. Hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate, plasma viscosity and blood sedimentation were examined after treatment. RESULTS: The hematocrit, blood viscosity at low, medium and high shear rate and plasma viscosity were higher in the untreated group than those in the normal control group with significant differences (P<0.01) while those indexes in low-, medium- and high-dose SQR-treated groups were significantly lower than those in the untreated group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION: SQR can lead to a decrease in blood viscosity and improve the blood flow, which may be one of the mechanisms of SQR in treating metrorrhagia after copper IUD insertion.