Objective To study the risk values of glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c) screening patients with diabetes mellitus(DM) and pre-diabetes(PreD) in different age and sex.Methods HbA1c results from10 840 in Taizhou Hospital in 2012 were retrospectively collected , and CHAID analysis of decision tree was used in preliminary hierarchy .Age was further divided into five groups according to the preliminary results , then one-way ANOVA and linear regression were utilized to determine the differences between age groups and the prediction intervals (PI) of HbA1c,respectively.The upper limit value of 95%PI of HbA1c was set as diabetes risk values ( DRVs).By comparison of the sensitivity of DM patients screening by DRVs in 1 889 cases whose HbA1c were between 6.0%to 6.5%and the upper limit value of traditional HbA1c reference intervals to verify the screening value ofDRVs .Then the DRVs of HbA1c were utilized to screen DM in the population whose HbA 1c is were 6.0%-6.5% in 2008,and followed their re-examination records toverify the screening value of the DRVs toin PreD patients. Results (1) On the basis of the initially root of decisiontree by age , the populationwas divided into 9 groups ( P =0.000, F =231.462).By calculatingthe 95% confidence interval(CI) of each group and merging reasonably,it was finally divided into 5 groups:20-30years,31-40years,41-50years,51-60years and >60years (F=434.342, P=0.000).(2)Using the method of linear regression , the 95% PI of HbA1c of the 5 groups showed as following:20-30 years, males 4.6%-5.9%, females 4.6%-5.9%.31-40 years, males 4.8%-6.0%, females 4.7%-6.0%.41-50 years, males 4.9%-6.2%, females 4.8%-6.1%.51-60 years, males 5.0%-6.3%, females 4.9%-6.2%.>60 years, males 5.1%-6.4%, females 5.0%-6.3%.The traditional HbA1c reference interval was4.8%-6.3%.(3) The screening sensitivity of DM by the upper limit value of traditional HbA1c reference interval and DRVs in group which HbA1c was between 6.0%-6.5% were 34.5%and 48.1%,respectively.(4) Reviewing of the group with HbA1c between 6.0%-6.5% and not diagnosed as DM in 2008, 49 hadnegative DM screening results by using the upper limit value of traditional HbA1c reference interval but were positive in our setting DRVs , and 13 have developed to DM now , which accounted for 26.5%.Conclusion HbA1c DRVs need to be set hierarchically between different age and sex groups as a supplement to the traditional reference interval , which has a great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of DM and also forthe screening and intervention of PreD patients.

Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are known to be involved in the initiation and progression of many malignancies, and the different subtypes of VGSCs play important roles in the metastasis cascade of many tumors. This study investigated the functional expression of Nav1.5 and its effect on invasion behavior of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. The mRNA and protein expression of Nav1.5 was detected by real time PCR, Western Blot and immunofluorescence. The effects of Nav1.5 on cell proliferation, migration and invasion were respectively assessed by MTT and Transwell. The effects of Nav1.5 on the secretion of matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) by MDA-MB-231 were analyzed by RT-PCR. The over-expressed Nav1.5 was present on the membrane of MDA-MB-231 cells. The invasion ability in vitro and the MMP-9 mRNA expression were respectively decreased to (47.82+/-0.53)% and (43.97+/-0.64)% (P<0.05) respectively in MDA-MB-231 cells treated with VGSCs specific inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) by blocking Nav1.5 activity. It was concluded that Nav1.5 functional expression potentiated the invasive behavior of human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 by increasing the secretion of MMP-9.

A mAb T2-2 was generated using hybridoma techniques, and its target was identified as a 46 ku-cytokeratin (CK), based on biochemical study and a completely overlapped binding pattern of mAb T2-2 with anti-pan-CKs antibodies. An epithelia-specificity of the mAb T2-2 was determined by screening 68 human normal and 65 tumor tissues using immunohistochemistry. Unlike most of anti-CKs antibodies, the mAb T2-2 recognized a mono-specific epitope only expressed on the 46 ku CK, suggesting that mAb T2-2 is superior to most anti-CKs antibodies that cross-reacted with many different kinds of CKs. In addition, it was found that the mAb T2-2 was multipurpose with a broad applicability to ELISA, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, Western blotting, and was also compatible with various fixation reagents. These results strongly indicate that the mAb T2-2 has potential applications for studying CKs function and for diagnosis of tumor and other disorders.

A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16μM and 3.2μM. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

Objective To compare the effects of neutral posture training (NPT) and gas resistance training on balance and motor func-tion in stroke patients. Methods From June, 2014 to February, 2016, 44 hemiplegic patients were randomly divided into control group (n=22) and experimental group (n=22). The control group received conventional decubitus trunk muscle training and sitting gas resistance train-ing. The experimental group received NPT. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremities (FMA-LE), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) before and after training. Results There was no significant differ-ence in the scores of FMA-UE, FMA-LE and BBS between two groups (t<0.962, P>0.05). The scores significantly increased after training in both groups (t>12.248, P<0.001), and were higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t>1.972, P<0.05). Conclusion The NPT could improve the motor and balance function of stroke patients, rather than gas resistance training.

A novel biosensor for aflatoxin B1 detecting has been reported. The biosensor electrode for AFB1 detecting was assembled by immobilized aflatoxin-oxidoreductase using open-ended multi-walled carbon nanotubes as matrix. Its linear range was between 0.16?M and 3.2?M. And if the specific anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody and aflatoxin oxidoreductase were both immobilized on the electrode with Multi-Walled carbon nanotubes, the detection limit of the modified electrode could be 16 nM with a 10 times improved sensitivity. The aflatoxin enzyme biosensor assembled this way strode one step forward its practical application.

The purpose of many microarray studies is to find the association between gene expression and sample characteristics such as treatment type or sample phenotype.There has been a surge of efforts developing different methods for delineating the association. Aside from the high dimensionality of microarray data, one well recognized challenge is the fact that genes could be complicatedly inter-related, thus making many statistical methods inappropriate to use directly on the expression data. Multivariate methods such as principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering are often used as a part of the effort to capture the gene correlation, and the derived components or clusters are used to describe the association between gene expression and sample phenotype. We propose a method for patient population dichotomization using maximally selected test statistics in combination with the PCA method, which shows favorable results. The proposed method is compared with a currently well-recognized method.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of Aiyu Capsule in combination with FOLFOX4 chemotherapy for patients with median or advanced rectum cancer, and to investigate its impacts on cellular immune function and survival. Methods A total of 347 patients with adenocarcinoma-type median or advanced rectum cancer were enrolled in this study from March 2018 to June 2019 were selected as study objects. Patients were divided into control group (173 patients) or observation group (174 patients) using an odd-even number system, and both groups were followed up for 36 months. The control group received FOLFOX4 chemotherapy, while the observation group additionally took Aiyu Capsule orally. Both groups underwent four consecutive treatment cycles.Clinical efficacy and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome scores were evaluated after 2 and 4 cycles. Tumor markers, cellular immune function, adverse reaction rates, and cumulative survival rates were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results After 2 and 4 cycles of treatment, the complete response rate and disease control rate were significantly higher in the observation group compared to the control group (P<0.05). After 2 cycles of treatment, disease control rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Both primary and secondary symptom scores, as well as total scores, decreased in both groups post-treatment, with lower scores in the observation group (P<0.05). Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels decreased in both groups after 2 cycles, with significant reduction in the observation group (P<0.05). After 4 courses of treatment, CEA and CA19-9 levels in two groups were lower than before treatment and 2 courses of treatment, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). After two treatment cycles, the levels of CD3⁺, CD4⁺ T cells, and the CD4⁺ to CD8⁺ ratio(CD4⁺/CD8⁺) in the observation group were significantly elevated compared to pre-treatment, whereas the CD8⁺ T cell levels decreased significantly (P<0.05). After four treatment cycles, the control group demonstrated elevation in CD4⁺ T cell levels and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ compared to the levels after two cycles (P<0.05). After four treatment cycles, the observation group had significant increase in CD3⁺, CD4⁺ T cell levels, and the CD4⁺/CD8⁺, whereas a significant reduction in CD8⁺ T cells compared to pretreatment (P<0.05). The incidence of dermatitis and liver function impairment was lower in the observation group (P<0.05). The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated a higher cumulative survival rate in the observation group (P=0.011). Conclusion The combination of Aiyu Capsule and FOLFOX4 chemotherapy promotes immune function recovery, alleviates chemotherapy-related adverse reactions, extends survival outcomes, and enhances clinical efficacy in patients with median or advanced rectum cancer.

Objective:To explore genes associated with sensitivity to anti-EGFR therapy. Methods:From March 2012 to August 2013, 31 metastatic colorectal cancer patients in Peking University Cancer Hospital&Institute were treated with anti-EGFR mono-therapy. A total of 21 genes associated with oncogenesis, metastasis, and EGFR signaling pathway were profiled in these 31 patients by using tar-geted next-generation sequencing technology. Results:A total of 31 patients with Kras exon 2 wild-type received anti-EGFR therapy as third-line treatment. Among these patients, the median progression-free survival (PFS) was 89 days, overall survival was 311 days, and objective response rate was 16.1%. Five cases harbored Kras exons 3/4 or Nras exons 2/3 mutations. These five Ras mutation patients showed disease progression during the first evaluation with 31-day PFS. One PIK3CA mutation case exhibited disease progression dur-ing the first evaluation (PFS 35 days), and one case showed mTOR mutation with 91-day PFS. The PFS of two cases with SMAD4 muta-tion were 58 and 59 days, whereas that of the case containing FBXW7 mutation was 93 days. Among the 26 Ras wild-type patients, MLL3, TP53, and APC were the three genes with the highest mutation frequencies of 92.3%(24/26), 53.8%(14/26), and 42.3%(11/26), respectively. Conclusion:Extended Ras analysis (including Kras and Nras exons 2/3/4) is recommended for patients who are candi-dates for anti-EGFR therapy. Mutations in the downstream effectors of the EGFR signaling pathway, such as PI3KCA and mTOR, may al-so have a predictive role in anti-EGFR therapy. Mutations beyond the EGFR pathway such as FBXW7 and SMAD4 may be associated with anti-EGFR efficacy and deserve further attention.

Objective To investigate the association between extramural vascular invasion (EMVI) detected by multi-detectors computed tomography (MDCT) with contrast enhanced (ceMDCT) and clinicopathologic characteristics in patients with colon cancer.Methods Between February 2009 and December 2013,patients with histologically proven primary colon cancer and undergoing curative resection were included in this retrospective study.According to American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM staging system,patients of stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were included in this study.EMVI status detected by MDCT (ctEMVI) was defined according to the EMVI scores.Chi-square test was used to analyze the association between clinicopathologic characteristics and ctEMVI.Results 165 stage Ⅱ and stage Ⅲ patients were included in this study as confirmed by pathology based on AJCC.Positive ctEMVI was demonstrated in 51 patients (34.5％,51/165).There were significant association between positive ctEMVI and age ＜ 65 years (x2 =4.810,P =0.031),ceMDCT defined tumor stage (x2 =17.911,P =0.000),ceMDCT defined metastatic lymph node (x2 =5.436,P =0.022),tumor size≥5 cm (x2 =3.799,P =0.036) and pathological T stage (x2 =13.346,P =0.001).Conclusions EMVI,detected by ceMDCT,is significantly associated with age,tumor size and T staging in colon cancer.