Pulmonary vascular disease is a group of diseases,defined as the dysfunction of pulmonary artery,pulmonary vein and pulmonary capillary.Pulmonary vascular disease includes pulmonary hypertension,pulmonary vascular malformation,pulmonary vasculitis and pulmonary vascular thrombosis,et al.The manifestations of pulmonary vascular disease vary from recurrent wheezing,respiratory tract infection,short of breath and hemoptysis,et al.With the development of radiography investigations,the diagnosis of pulmonary vascular disease is improved.Pulmonary vascular disease in children is not uncommon therefore we should focus on it.

Hemoptysis,defined as the expectoration of blood or blood-tinged sputum from the lower respiratory tract has to be differentiated from hematemesis and other anatomic site of bleeding.In pediatric patients with hemoptysis,no definite classification correlating severity with blood loss exists.Thus,clinical judgment is the primary tool that clinicians have in assessing the severity of hemoptysis in children.Infection is one of the most common etiologies for hemoptysis in children; however,cystic fibrosis was the most common cause of pediatric hemoptysis in the European countries.Hemoptysis is not a common chief complaint in pediatric patients unless massive hemoptysis.The causes of massive hemoptysis in children are bronchial adenoma,bronchial foreign body and vascular abnormalities.Vascular abnormalities is rare cause of hemoptysis,but one of the common cause of massive hemoptysis,including pulmonary arteriovenous malformation,absent pulmonary valve,aberrant systemic artery supplying.As one of aberrant systemic artery supplying,bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation cause life-threatening hemoptysis.The aim of imaging evaluation is to identify the source of bleeding along with determination of the primary cause of hemoptysis.The initial management option for bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation is bronchial artery embolization.Surgery is alternative option.The patients with bronchial artery-pulmonary artery malformation usually have massive hemoptysis,which can quickly progress to acute respiratory distress and shock.Therefore these children require emergency procedures to stabilize.

Objective To explore the clinical promise of CT 3D reconstruction of tracheobronchial tree(TBT) by analyzing 73 cases retrospectively. Methods All the 73 cases were collected from October 1997 to February 2000, who were scanned by EBCT with 130 kV and 630 mA. The scanning method was continuous volume scan, the slice thickness were 3 mm or 1.5 mm. All cross-sectional images were transmitted to the INSIGHT workstation and reconstructed with SSD (shaded surface display), and the threshold setting were -500 to -300 HU. Results 3D reconstruction of TBT with EBCT could reveal the abnormal changes of TBT by many kinds of diseases including central cancer, inflammation, bronchiectasis, saber-sheath trachea, trachea cancer, congenital disorders, post-surgical changes of lung cancer, and stenoses by adjacent benign or malignant diseases. It could be used to locate the stenoses and measure stenostic extent. Of the 35 central cancer cases with 3D reconstruction, 6 cases were pestle obstructed, 15 cases cone obstructed, 5 cases interrupted irregularly, 8 cases with eccentric stenoses, and 1 case with right stem destroyed and right upper lobe bronchus obstructed. Conclusion 3D reconstruction of TBT has characteristic sign in the diagnosis or differential diagnosis of central airway′s benign or malignant stenoses, and it is of instructional value in clinical use.

Objective To study the relationship between bacterial translocation,endotoxemia and nitric oxide(NO) in portal hypertensive rats.Method Portal hypertension was induced by portal vein stenosis(PVS) in 30 rats subdividing into 3 groups:group B (Model),group C in which L arginine was given,and group D receiving L NAME.10 additional normal rats served as control (group A).Two weeks after, mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN),spleen and blood samples were collected for bacterial cultures.Portal pressure,endotoxin and NO 2 - levels were measured.The permeability of intestinal mucosa was assayed using Lanthanum as tracer and the mucosa ultrastructure in ileum was observed.Results[WT5”BZ] The bacterial translocation rates in MLN in the PVS groups was higher than in control.The endotoxin levels elevated in the PVS group.NO 2 - level and portal pressure were lower in group D than in group B.In the PVS group,the tracer was observed in the lamina properia and epithelium layers.[WT5”HZ] Conclusions Bacterial translocation and endotoxemia in portal hypertension were in response to enhanced permeability of intestinal mucosa,which are responsible for the increased NO level.

After primary EB virus(EBV) infection there are expansions of EBV-specific CD8~+/CD4~+ CTLs responses against lytic peptides and latent peptides in order to control EBV infection. Clinical manifestations of EBV infection are diverse.Its pathogenesis is not clear. The surveillance of EBV specific-immunity plays an important role to control viral replication.There are differences between the CTL responses against lytic peptides and latent peptides. And the migration and activation of EBV specific CTLs with different cell surface molecules play an important role in EBV infection .

Breast ; surgery ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Treatment Outcome

Doing a good job of guarding against medical risks can effectively improve medical safety and reduce waste of medical resources. In recent years, marked results have been attained in the US in studies on the use of FMEA, a prospective quality analysis tool, to minimize medical risks. Similar studies, though not many, have been made in some other countries, such as Italy and Australia. No reports, however, have been published at home on studies in this field. The paper gives an account of the use and theoretical studies of FMEA in medical risk management in the US, illustrates cases wherein it was used to lower risks in prescribing drugs to patients and ensure the safe use of hospital software and hardware, and puts forward issues that shouldn't be ignored in using FMEA so as to arouse the attention of domestic hospital management departments.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC) is a common malignancy in china,and TNM staging is the standard staging system for ESCC.However,in clinical practice,patients' prognosis is not always consistent with the staging.This phenomenon may be attributed from the fact that the current limitation and imperfect of the TNM staging system,and besides,another possible reason might be that some prognostic factors for ESCC other than TNM descriptors may exist.Among all the prognostic factors for ESCC,molecular biomarkers received widely concern.We searched the literatures and identified 12 molecular biomarkers that received the most concern and validated them in our single surgeon team.The results showed that only P21,COX-2 and E-cadherin were significant prognostic factors for ESCC in this series.Therefore,in the current study,we reviewed the literature regarding the prognostic significance of the above mentioned three biomarkers for clinical reference.

Objective: To study the effect of theanine on delaying exercise-induced fatigue, and reveal its possible mechanism.Method: Mice were randomized into 4 groups:three groups of theanine at doses of 5.6、8.4、12.6 mg/(kg bw?d),and one control group given distilled water.After 30 d,burdened swimming time,serum BUN,liver glycogen,and monoamine neurotransmitters(5-HT、DA and NE) concentrations in brain were measured.Results: Compared with the control group,both the burdened swimming time and the liver glycogen level of 8.4、12.6mg/(kg bw?d)groups increased significantly (P

OBJECTIVE To realize the disinfectant effect of medical instrument by acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water(EOW).METHODS Two groups of subjects participated in this study,and chlorinated disinfectant is used in the control group. Adopting stability test to measure effective chlorine and pH,and to compute the bacterium elimination rate after disinfection. Contrast the result with the experimental group.RESULTS The pH mean value and the effective chlorine mean value of two groups before and after instrument immersing in had no remarkable differences. Medical instrument sterilized by EOW for 5 minutes,the bacterium eliminative rate was 100.0%,while sterilized by the chlorinated disinfectant needed 30 minutes. Sterilizing effects of two groups were the same,but sterilizing time was obviously short in experimental group.CONCLUSIONS The acidic electrolyzed oxidizing water can be used in medical instrument's disinfection. The effect is good,and the process is fast. EOW is better than chlorinated disinfectant in saving of resources economizing.