Lens is a perfect optical organ,which roots in the surface ectoblast and has good quality of light penetration and refraction.It consists of lens bursa,epithelia,cortex and nucleus from exterior to interior in turn.The life center of lens is the epithelia which not only excretes collagen Ⅳ to form lens bursa outside,and gradually develops to fiber cell to form cortex and nucleus of lens,but also supports all the energy of lens metabolism.Aldose reductase can be activated by high glucose in a long time.Then,the sorbitol accumulation of lens epithelial cells and fibre cells causes cortex to absorb water and expand.Besides,some research results showed that p-glyprotein,clcn3(Cl-channel 3) and aquaporin were also involved in the high osmotic expansion of the lens.

Objective: To develop a method to determine the content of a berberine hydrochloride in Xiao A Lotion. Methods: HPLC was used to determine the content of berberine hydrochloride in Xiao A Lotion. The separation was performed on Inertsil ODS 3 column with 0.05mol/L NaH 2PO 4 (pH3.0) acetonitrile (70∶30) as a mobile phase and the wavelength of UV detector was 270nm. Results: The Linearity of this method was well with the average recovery of 101.4%. Conclusion: The method is simple, reliable, and sensitive. It also shows good separating degree. It can be used in quality control of Xiao A Lotion.

Objective:To investigate the curative effects and the economic effects of Alprostadil in Pharmacotherapeutic Schemes for Cerebral Infarction. Methods:118 cases of cerebral infarction, admitted from March 2001 to March 2003, were collected and divided into two groups: Alprostadil was given to group Ⅰ, Alprostadil was not given to group Ⅱ. Data was evaluated using the pharmacoeconomics cost effectiveness analysis. Results: The costs of two groups were 13 826.13 and 7 884.55 yuan respectively. The effective rates of two groups were 92.89% and 80.33% respectively. The cost-effective rates of two groups were 148.70 and 98.15 yuan / per unit of effective. It cost 469.69 yuan for group Ⅰ to increase per unit of effective above group Ⅱ. Conclusion: GroupⅡ had lower cost- effective ratio, and groupⅠ had higher effective rate. If patients care about effectiveness more than cost, it maybe useful to take groupⅠ.

Objective: To establish the identification of protein compositions in Rhizoma Arisaematis through researches of its taxonomy, pharmacognostic anatomy and chemical compositions.Methods: The protein compositions in Rhizoma Arisaematis were identified by HPCE taking potassium phosphate boric acid buffer solution (pH=9.0) as an electrophoretic buffer. The electric sampling time was 10s, 10kV; Separating pressure 25kV; column temperature=28℃;?=205nm; integral determination sensitivety value=0.05; sensitivity=0.1 AUFS. Also, the raw plant identification, medical material characteristics and microscope identification were performed. Results: Combined with pharmacognostic and microscopic identification, experiments indicated that herbs of Arisaematis genus have similar HPCE chromatographic profile but different finger peaks. Condlusion: This study provides a better basis for the identification of Rhizoma Arisaematis.

Objective To establish the quality specification of Zanglian Pill. Methods Rhizoma coptidia,fructus sophorae and flos sophorae were identified by TLC. Radix scuteUariae was determined by HPLC. Intersit Cas column was used with the mobile phase of 2 % acetic acid-methanol(45:55 ), at the detection wavelength of 280nm.Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0. 0434～4.34 μg. The average recovery rate of baiealin was 99.2 % with RSD of 1.10 %. The TLC spots developed were fairly clear, and the blank test showed no interference. Conclusion The method developed is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility,and the method can be used for the quality control of Zanglian Pill.

AIM: To establish the quality standard of Yupingfeng Oral Liquid(Radix Astragali,Radix Sapo-shnikoviae,Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae,etc.); METHODS:Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae was (identified) by TLC,Radix Saposhnikoviae was identified by HPLC;astrayloside Ⅳ was determined by HPLC.( RESULTS):The recovery of astragloside Ⅳ was 96.7%,RSD was 1.74%.The TLC sports developed were fairly clear,and the blank test showed no interference. CONCLUSION:The mothod developed is simple and accurate with good reproducibility,and the mothod can be used for quality control of Yupingfeng Oral Liquid. withgood

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effects of early intratympanic steroid of different concentrations and types combined with systemic steroid on severe idiopathic sudden sensorineurl hearing loss(ISSNHL).Methods We reviewed 95 patients with unilateral ISSNHL from January 2012 to June 2016 in the Department of Otolaryngology of the People's Hospital of Changshou and according to the steroid treatment methods,Patients were divided into systemic steroid therapy alone group(group A,30 cases),early intratympanic steroid of low concentration combined with systemic steroid group (group B,32 cases) and early intratympanic steroid of high concentration combined with systemic steroid group (group C,33 cases).Results Total effective rates of the group A,group B and group C were 46.67 ％,56.25 ％,78.79％.Group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B(P＜0.05);the average pure tone threshold improvement was (46.67±9.32) in group C which was better than group A (20.53±8.83) and group B(25.19± 7.46),the differences were stastically significant (P＜0.01).Conclusion Severe ISSNHL should be treated by intratympanic steroid of high concentration combined with systemic steroid as early as possible in order to rescue the hearing,the efficacy of which is much better than other steroid treatments so far.

Objective To analyze the specific peptide of cystatin C (CysC) and its characteristics by bioinformatics technology,and verify the predicted results by mass spectrometry.Methods Online software was applied to analyze the physicochemical properties and homology of CysC peptides hydrolyzed by trypsin and predict the associated parameters of ionized fragmentation of specific peptide by mass spectrometry.Precursor ion scan and product ion scan were conducted on the samples of synthetic specific peptide.The recombinant human CysC and serum samples were analyzed by mass spectrometry after trypsin digestion.The results of analysis were compared with the outcomes predicted by bioinformatics.Results T3 (ALDFAVGEYNK) was considered as the specific peptide of CysC by software analysis.When selecting[M + 2H] 2 + for product ion scan,almost all the y and b ions of fragmentation were observed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS),showing consistency with Skyline predictions.Moreover,both the peptides from the human recombinant CysC and serum sample following the trypsin digestion were eluted at the same time with the isotope-labeled T3 * under the fixed conditions.Conclusion Bioinformatics technology could be available for picking out the specific peptides of target protein quickly and efficiently and predicting the ionized fragmentation precisely by mass spectrometry scanning.

Objective To study the 2-4 years intermediate-term clinical effects of bone-patellar tendon-bone (B-PT-B) autograft plus interface screw method and quadruple semitendinosus tendon autograft plus endobutton plate fixation method in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction after ACL injury and to estimate the correlation of various implants and fixation techniques with clinical effect. Methods A retrospective analysis was done on 104 cases with ACL injury as well as detailed clinical data from October 1998 to October 2000. ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone autograft (PT group) and kurosaka interface screw fixation were performed in 55 cases and quadruple semitendinosus tendon autograft and endobutton plate fixation (ST group) in 49 cases. The average follow up was 38.5 months in the PT group and 35.7 months in the ST group. We compared the intermediate myodynamic recovery, ROM, lachman test, pivot shift test, IKDC score, lysholm score, Werner score and X-ray view of tunnul enlargement between two groups. Results In the PT group, the circumference of thigh was (1.097?0.079) cm, shorter than that of normal side, and (0.896?0.126) cm in the ST group. The cases accounting for 82% (45/55) in the PT group and 88% (43/49) in the ST group had extension limitation less than 3?. Knee flexion limitation of 0?-5? accounted for 87% (48/55) in the PT group and 86% (42/49) in the ST group. Bilateral comparison of Lachman test less than 5 mm accounted for 93% (51/55) in the PT group and 96% (47/49) in the ST group. Negative rate of pivot shift test was 89% (47/55) in the PT group and 92% (45/49) in ST group. Bilateral comparison of AP knee laxity with 20Ib KT-1000 in laxity with less than 3 mm accounted for 53% (29/55) in the PT group and 57% (28/49) in the ST group. Lyoholm score in the PT group was increased from preoperative 69.2?6.4 to postoperative 86.7?4.3 and that in the ST group from 68.3?7.5 to 88.4?8.6. Knee motion standard of IKDC score in the PT group was 78%(43/55), which was found normal or nearly normal, and 82%(40/49) in the ST group. Patellar femoral pain Werner score was 43.0 ?6.1 in the PT group while 45.0?6.3 in the ST group. The X-ray showed that tunnel enlargement phenomena was 53% (29/55) in the PT group while 43% (21/49) in the ST group. Conclusions From 2-4 years intermediate-term follow up, there is no significant difference in ACL reconstruction using patellar tendon autograft plus interface screw method and quadruple semitendinosus tendon plus endobutton plate fixation method. Bone grafting in the donor site can reduce the incidence of anterior knee pain. Twisting technique is beneficial to overcome of the postoperative laxity caused by viscular elasticity of quadruple semitendinosus.

BACKGROUND: Cryotherapy of acute soft tissue injury has been widely used in clinical practice.OBJECTIVE: To observe the histological changes and treatment effect of different cryotherapies on the rats' acute damage of soft tissue. METHODS: Neonatal Wistar rats were randomized to normal, model, intermittent cryotherapy and continuous cryotherapy groups. Models of acute damage of soft tissue were established in model, intermittent cryotherapy and continuous cryotherapy groups. In intermittent cryotherapy group, the injury was treated by intermittent cryotherapy with ice bag at 4 °C; in the continuous cryotherapy group, the injury was treated by continuous cryotherapy with ice bag at 4 °C; the model group was not treated. Histological changes were observed at 48 hours. Injury degree was evaluated using injury symptom index.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with model group, the scores of injury symptom index and histology were lower, interleukin-1β expression was reduced, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression was increased in intermittent cryotherapy and continuous cryotherapy groups (P < 0.05). Compared with intermittent cryotherapy group, the scores of injury symptom index and histology were reduced (P < 0.05), interleukin-1β expression was reduced (P < 0.05), and TGF-β1 expression was increased in continuous cryotherapy group (P < 0.05). Results demonstrated that cryotherapy can cure the acute damage of soft tissue by reducing interleukin-1β expression and raising TGF-β1 expression. Continuous cryotherapy is superior over intermittent cryotherapy.