Objective To investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus(HSV) infection of central nervous system(CNS) in newborn infant,and analyze its clinical characteristics.Methods Cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) was collected from 40 acute viral infection of central nervous system who were hospitalized during June 2001 to June 2002.Polymerse chain reacton techniques(nested-PCR)was used to detect HSVspecific DNA in CSF,enzyme-linked immunosorbert assays(ELISA)was applied to detect HSV-specific IgM and IgG antibody in CSF and serum specimens.Results Two cases of neonatal patients were HSV-1 DNA PCR positive in CSF,both(mo)-ther were normal during pregnancy without a history of genital herpes.Clinical presentations of one case belonged to disseminated HSV infections and the other was limited to CNS infections.HSV-2 DNA PCR of 40 cases of neonatal patients were negative in CSF.Conclusions The rate of HSV neonatal CNS infection was 5% among viral neonatal CNS infections.HSV type 1 in the period,which showed that HSV type 1 may be the common type of HSV neonatal CNS infections.The result seems to be related to low prevalence for HSV-2(among) pregnancy women in China.

Objective Analyze the surveillance results of foodborne illness from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021,to provide a realistic basis for the continuous development and improvement of foodborne disease surveillance.Methods The data were collected from a level A tertiary general hospital in Shandong Province from 2019 to 2021 in the food safety risk assessment business application platform of national health insurance information project of National Health Security Disease Control Information System,and stool/anal swab samples were collected as required for pathogen detec-tion.Results From 2019 to 2021,a total of 2 323 cases of foodborne diseases were reported and 682 samples were collected,with a sampling rate of 29.36％,and 134 positive cases were detected,with a detection rate of 19.65％.The difference between the detection rates of different years was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The detection rate of norovirus was the highest(9.53％),followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus(8.94％)and Salmonella(1.91％).The difference between the detection rates of different pathogens was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The sex ratio of 2 323 cases was 1:1.28.Among the different age distributions,20-29 years old accounted for the highest proportion(29.19％),followed by 30-39 years old(27.21％)and＜20 years old(11.71％).The highest number of cases was reported from June to September,the peak was reached from July to Au-gust,and the number of cases was gradually reduced in October and later.Among different occupational groups,housework and unemployed people accounted for the highest proportion(30.18％),followed by farmers(15.93％),students(13.65％)and commercial service workers(11.80％).The main symptoms of the digestive system were diarrhea in 2 093 cases(90.10％),abdominal pain in 1 741 cases(74.95％),nausea in 1 575 cases(67.8％)and vomiting in 1 401 cases(60.31％).The main diarrhea was watery stool in 1 954 cases(84.12％).The main systemic symptoms were fatigue in 454 cases(19.54％)and dehydration in 212 cases(9.13％).The main clinical diagnosis was acute gastroenteritis in 1 980 cases(85.23％)and infec-tious diarrhea in 199 cases(8.57％).The suspected exposed foods were mainly aquatic animals and their products(25.10％)and meat and meat products(19.37％).The main eating places of suspected exposed foods were families(57.34％),followed by restaurants(21.91％),other places(5.94％)and street food stalls(5.21％).Conclusion From 2019 to 2021,the pathogens of foodborne diseases detected were mainly norovirus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,mainly in the age group of 20 to 39 years old,and the occupation distribution was mainly household and unemployed people,farmers,students and commercial serv-ice personnel,with digestive system symptoms such as nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain and diarrhea.The suspected exposed foods are mainly aquatic animals and their products and meat and meat products,and the main eating places are families,restau-rants and street food stalls.The surveillance and reporting of foodborne diseases should continue to be strengthened in the future.

AIMTo study the lignan glycosides from the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium. Chromatography methods was used to isolate compounds and chemical and spectral methods were used to identify the structures of isolated compounds.

RESULTSTwo lignan glycosides were isolated from the roots of B. scorzonerifolium and their structures were identified as 2, 3-E-2,3-dihydro-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-phenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3"-hydroxypropenyl )-7-methoxy-1-benzo [b] furan (1) and 2, 3-E-2, 3-dihydro-2-( 3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-( 3"-hydroxypropenyl)-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-benzo[b]furan (2), both of them which were the mixture of (+)2S,3R- and (-)2R,3S-type diastereoisomer and in both of them the amount of (+)2S,3R-type was a little more than that of the (-)2R,3S-type.

CONCLUSIONCompounds 1 and 2 were isolated from B. scorzonerifolium for the first time. (+)2S, 3R-2, 3-Dihydro-2-(3'-methoxy-4'-hydroxy-phenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-5-(3"-hydroxypropenyl)-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-1-benzo[b] furan is a new compound.

Bupleurum ; chemistry ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Lignans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Conformation ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

BACKGROUNDResearches in ocular electromyography (EMG) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of patients with Duane retraction syndrome (DRS) suggest that there may be additional abnormalities such as paradoxical innervation between horizontal rectus muscles and vertical rectus muscles, hypoplasia of vertical rectus muscle and that oblique muscles may also contribute to the heterogeneity of the clinical manifestation of DRS. This paper reports the results of superior rectus recession for vertical deviation and A pattern in DRS Type III and discusses the pathogenesis of the disease.

METHODSSuperior and lateral rectus recession were performed in 5 cases of Huber type III DRS to treat vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus. Before operation, MRI of the brain, brainstem, cavernous sinus, and orbits were performed.

RESULTSAll subjects had unilateral limitation of both abduction and adduction, with palpebral fissure narrowing and globe retraction in adduction. Three cases had A pattern of strabismus, three cases had hypertropia. The abducens nerves (CN6) were either absent or hypoplasitic in the brainstem in all patients. Two eyes had larger oculomotor foramen. Two eyes had hypoplasia of the superior rectus and the inferior rectus. There was presumably a branch of the third cranial nerve (CN3) innervating the lateral rectus (LR) in one eye. While in another eye, two branches of CN3 sent into medial rectus were revealed. After surgery, vertical deviation in the primary position was reduced in all patients and A pattern was eliminated in 3 patients. One patient developed 10Δ consecutive esotropia postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggest that structural abnormalities of vertical muscle and abnormal orbital innervation may be related to vertical deviation and the presence of A pattern in DRS type III. Recession of the superior rectus muscle seems to be a safe and effective treatment for vertical deviation and A pattern strabismus in DRS Type III.

Adolescent ; Child ; Duane Retraction Syndrome ; diagnosis ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy of 153Sm-EDTMP in the treatment of bone metastasis of prostate cancer (PCa) by comparison with zoledronic acid.

METHODSWe assigned 55 PCa patients with bone metastasis to receive 153Sm-EDTMP (n = 31) and zoledronic acid (n = 24), the former injected intravenously at the dose of 37.0 MBq/kg body weight, and the latter administered by slow intravenous drip at 4 mg in 100 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. We performed 99mTc-MDP bone scan before and 1 -2 months after the treatment.

RESULTSThe rate of pain relief was 83.9% in the 153Sm-EDTMP group and 58.3% in the zoledronic acid group (P = 0.035), and that of bone metabolism change was 64.5% in the former and 33.3% in the latter (P = 0.022).

CONCLUSION153Sm-EDTMP is an ideal agent for the treatment of prostate cancer with bone metastasis.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bone Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; secondary ; Diphosphonates ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Imidazoles ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; drug therapy ; Organometallic Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; therapeutic use ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology

BACKGROUNDWith the technical advances, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now sensitive enough to detect subtle structural abnormalities of ocular motor nerves arising from the brainstem and orbits of living subjects. This study was designed to delineate the MRI characteristics in patients with special forms of strabismus.

METHODSA total of 29 patients with special forms of strabismus underwent orbital and intracalvarium MRI. Imaging of the ocular motor nerves in the brainstem was performed in 0.8 mm thickness image planes using the three-dimensional fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (3D-FIESTA) sequence. Nerves to extraocular muscles (EOMs), EOMs and their associated connective tissues were imaged with T1 weighting in tri-planar scans by dual-phased coils within 2.0 mm thick planes.

RESULTSPatients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles exhibited hypoplasia of the oculomotor (CN3), abducens (CN6), trochlear (CN4) nerves, and the EOMs; hypoplasia of CN6 in the brainstem and an extra branch of the inferior division of CN3 to the lateral rectus were the most common but not the only presentation of Duane's retraction syndrome. Hypoplasia of CN6, facial (CN7) and hypoglossal (CN12) nerves were revealed in patients with Möbius syndrome. In a rare case of bilateral synergistic convergence and divergence, an enlarged branch of CN3 to the medial rectus and a questionable branch of CN3 to the inferior rectus bilaterally were found.

CONCLUSIONMRI can reveal subtle structures of the ocular motor nerves and their corresponding EOMs. This can provide valuable information regarding pathogenesis in some special forms of strabismus.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cranial Nerves ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Oculomotor Muscles ; pathology ; Prospective Studies ; Strabismus ; pathology

Objective:To explore the effects of orienting three-dimensional porous network (type A) and honeycomb briquette-shaped vertically penetrating three-dimensional porous network (type B) on the vascularization rate of artificial dermis.Methods:The experimental research method was used. The artificial dermis was composed of a double layer of silicone layer and scaffold layer. Based on the difference of scaffold layer, they were divided into type A and type B artificial dermis (type A dermis and type B dermis, for short) containing type A and type B structure, respectively. The type A and type B structures were prepared by gradient freeze-drying technique and physical pore-making technique, respectively. The micro-morphology of two kinds of dermis scaffold was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The porosity of two kinds of dermis scaffold was measured by the Pyrex method. According to the method of national medical industry standard, the hydroxyproline content in degradation liquids and their residues in two kind of dermis were determined after degradation at 4, 8, 13, and 24 h, reflecting the degradation rates of two kinds of dermis. According to the random number table, L929 cells were divided into type A dermis group, type B dermis group, negative control group, and positive control group. The positive control group was added with minimum essential medium (MEM) containing 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, The negative control group was added with high-density polyethylene extract, and the other two groups were added with the corresponding extract. At 24 hours after culture, the growth rate of L929 cells was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, and the cytotoxicity was graded. L929 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were inoculated into pore plates with two kinds of dermis preinstalled. On 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after inoculating, the adhesion and growth of L929 cells on the surfaces of the two kinds of scaffolds were detected by immunofluorescence method. On 7 d after inoculating, the migration of the above two kinds of cells into the two kinds of dermal scaffolds was detected by immunofluorescence and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Three full-thickness skin defect wounds of 5.0 cm×5.0 cm were created on both sides of the back of three 6-month-old healthy male Ba-Ma mini pigs. According to the random number table, six columns of wounds were divided into type A dermis two-step method group, type B dermis two-step method group, and type B dermis one-step method group. The wounds in type A dermis two-step method group and type B dermis two-step method group were transplanted with type A or type B dermis respectively before, and with autologous split-thickness skin grafting later. The wounds in type B dermis one-step method group were transplanted in a synchronous procedure including type B dermis (without silicone layer) and autologous skin grafting simultaneously. The bleeding, exudation, and infection of the wounds on the back in type A dermis two-step method group and type B dermis two-step method group on the 7th day after the second transplantation and in type B dermis one-step method group on the 14th day after the first transplantation were generally observed. The area of autologous skin graft was measured by the transparent film grid method, and the survival rate of autologous skin was calculated. On 4, 7, and 14 d after the first transplantation, the inflammatory cells, fibroblasts (Fbs), and capillary infiltration into the scaffolds of the three groups were detected by HE staining. On 7, 14 d after the first transplantation, the vascularization of the scaffolds was further observed by immunohistochemistry. On 28, 90 d after the first operation, the degradation of the scaffolds of type A dermis and type B dermis was observed by HE staining. Data were statistically analyzed with one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t test, and Bonferroni correction. Results:A large number of round and oval micropores were evenly distributed on the surface of type A scaffold, and the cylindrical hole walls could be observed arranging in a parallel direction in the longitudinal section. The honeycomb briquette-shaped penetrating macropores on the surface of type B scaffold were arranged in an orderly matrix. The pore walls of the honeycomb briquette-shaped penetrating macropores were connected by micropores to form a network structure. The porosity of type A dermis was (93.21±0.72)%, which was similar to (95.88±1.00)% of type B dermis ( t=4.653, P>0.05). The degradation rates of type A dermis at 4, 8, 13, and 24 h were similar to those of type B dermis at the corresponding time point ( t=0.232, 0.856, 0.258, 7.716, P>0.05). At 24 h after culture, the proliferation rates of L929 cells in the type A dermis group, type B dermis group, and negative control group were significantly higher than those of the positive control group ( t=2 393.46, 2 538.27, 1 077.77, P<0.01). The cytotoxicity rating of cells in positive control group was grade 4, while that of the other three groups was grade zero. On 1, 4, 7, and 14 d after inoculation, both L929 cells and HUVECs proliferated in a time-dependent manner in two kinds of dermal scaffolds. The adhesion growth and proliferation rate of the two kinds of cells on the surface of type B dermis was higher than that of type A dermis. On 7 d after inoculation, both L929 cells and HUVECs covered the surface of type B dermis and migrated into one side of the silicone layer. However, the above two kinds of cells migrated slowly into type A dermis, and only a few cells were found on one side of the silicone layer. There was no bleeding, exudation, or infection in the wounds repaired by type A and type B dermis. The survival rate of autologous skin grafting of 6 wounds in each group was 100%. On 4, 7, and 14 d after the first operation, inflammatory cells, Fbs, and capillaries gradually infiltrated into the scaffold layer, and the cell infiltration rate from high to low was type B dermis one-step method group, type B dermis two-step method group, and type A dermis two-step method group. The scaffold in wound in the type B dermis one-step method group gradually collapsed on 28 d after the first operation, and completely degraded in 3 months after the first operation. The scaffold degradation rate of type A dermis two-step method group was similar to that mentioned above. Conclusions:The honeycomb briquette-shaped vertically penetrating three-dimensional porous network structure of type B scaffold can accelerate its vascularization process, which is beneficial to autogenous split-thickness skin in one-step procedure to repair full-thickness skin defects wound in Ba-Ma mini pigs. Compared with the "two-step method" of staged transplantation of type A scaffold and autologous split-thickness skin, and one-step transplantation has equal efficacy and can provide a better choice for wound treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy (OIPN) in rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 3 groups using a random number table: the control group, the OIPN group, and the EA (OIPN + EA) group, with 10 rats in each. The time courses of mechanical, cold sensitivity, and microcirculation blood flow intensity were determined. The morphology of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) was observed by electron microscopic examination. The protein levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and the transient receptor potential (TRP) protein family in DRGs were assayed by Western blot. RESULTS: EA treatment significantly reduced mechanical allodynia and cold allodynia in OIPN rats (P<0.01). Notably, oxaliplatin treatment resulted in impaired microcirculatory blood flow and pathomorphological defects in DRGs (P<0.01). EA treatment increased the microcirculation blood flow and attenuated the pathological changes induced by oxaliplatin (P<0.01). In addition, the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 were down-regulated, and the TRP protein family was over-expressed in the DRGs of OIPN rats (P<0.01). EA increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 and decreased the level of TRP protein family in DRG (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA may be a potential alternative therapy for OIPN, and its mechanism may be mainly mediated by restoring the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Animals ; Electroacupuncture/methods* ; Hyperalgesia/therapy* ; Male ; Microcirculation ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Oxaliplatin/adverse effects* ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Two new oleanane-type triterpenoids, parvifolactone A (1) and rubuside P (2), together with 11 known triterpenoids, fupenzic acid (3), 18,19-seco,2α,3α-dihydroxyl-19-oxo-urs-11,13(18)-dien-28-oic acid (4), euscaphic acid (5), maslinic acid (6), 1β- hydroxyeuscaphic acid (7), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (9), glucosyl pinfaensate (10), rubuside J (11), 2α,3α,19α,23-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-24,28-dioic acid (12), and 2α,3β,19α- trihydroxyurs-12-en-23,28-dioic acid (13), were isolated from the roots of Rubus parvifolius.
Molecular Structure ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rubus ; chemistry ; Terpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification