PURPOSE: We report our experience with laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) urological procedures in children less than 5 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients (11 procedures) underwent LESS through the umbilicus. Seven patients underwent nephrectomy and three patients underwent pyeloplasty (one simultaneous bilateral). R-port port (Advanced Surgical Concepts, Ireland) was used in nine cases, in one case, the Gelpoint access port (Applied Medical, Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, USA) was used. The Olympus Endoeye camera with coaxial light cable was used. The hilum was secured in all cases with Hem-o-Lok clips (Teleflex Medical, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA) except in one case in which an Endo GIA stapler (Covidien Surgical, Norwalk, CT, USA) was used. RESULTS: All procedures were technically successful. Accessory port (3 mm) was used in 3 patients. Mean age in nephrectomized patients was 3.14+/-1.7 years, the mean operative room time (ORT) was 97.5+/-12.54 minutes. In the pyeloplasty group, mean ORT was 192+/-47.16 minutes and mean age was 2.43+/-2.3 years. Bilateral pyeloplasty was done in a 4-month-old infant. The ORT in this case was 180 minutes. A follow-up renogram done in the pyeloplasty patients (n=2) showed good drainage. Mean length of stay was 3.6 days (range, 3 to 6 days).The analgesic requirement was 23.86 mg (range, 12.5 to 50 mg) of diclofenac sodium. CONCLUSIONS: LESS is technically feasible in patients as young as 4 months of age. It has the potential to offer better cosmesis. This needs to be proved in further comparative studies. Development of miniature instruments will further the growth of LESS in this age group.
Child ; Diclofenac ; Drainage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Infant ; Length of Stay ; Light ; Nephrectomy ; Umbilicus

To develop decellularized heart valve scaffold from porcine for heart valve regeneration. Porcine heart valves were decellularized with unique optimized approach by using 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and 5% dimethyl sulfoxide for the first time. Effect of decellularization process on scaffold were characterized by hematoxylin-eosin, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Masson's trichrome, alcian blue staining and scanning electron microscopy for extracellular matrix (ECM) analysis in scaffold. The results showed that developed protocol for decellularization of heart valve scaffold shown complete removal of all cellular components, without changing the properties of ECM. The developed protocol was successfully used for heart valve ECM scaffolds development from porcine. The developed protocol seems to be promising solution for the heart valve tissue engineering application.
Alcian Blue ; Detergents* ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Extracellular Matrix ; Heart Valves* ; Heart* ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Regeneration ; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate ; Tissue Engineering*