Objective To probe into the employment and turnover changes of health workers at township health centers,for analysis of the incentive preferences and methods characteristic of such people.Methods Questionnaire and interview investigations were made for 16 health centers to learn their personnel turnover from 2008 to 2010 in Junan county,Shandong province,and to learn their incentive preferences.Results Health workers of turnover tendency are mostly found among women,clinicians and nurses of college or above degree and those less than 39 years old.The top five incentive factors for such health workers are as follows:better working environment; better pay; better security for living; better hospital management; and better career development opportunities.Conclusion Township health centers should seize policy support of the health reform,by focusing on not only economic incentives such as the income and living conditions of health workers of turnover tendency,but also on non-economic factors such as career development opportunities.

Objective To understand the differences between sexes in the clinical and pathological features of patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGS).MethodsOne hundred and five patients with MPGS admitted to our hospital were retrospectively studied in clinical and pathological aspects.Results( 1 ) The proportion of male patients were 75 of 105 ( 71.43 ％ ) and that of females were 30 of 105 ( 28.57％ ) ; ( 2 ) The average age of the male patients was ( 40.25 ± 15.50 ) and that of the females was (36.23 ± 15.26) in year.There was no significant difference between the two groups( t =1.206,P =0.231 ) ;(3) There was no significant difference in duration of disease,hematuria,edema,hypertension prevalence and mean blood pressure( P ＞ 0.05 ).The proportion of patients with hematuria was 56.19％ (59/105).The males accounted for 69.33％ ( 52/75 ) and the females were 63.33％ ( 19/30 ) in the main clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome.There was no significant difference( x2 =0.352,P ＞ 0.05 ) between the proportion of males and females; (4)Males and females groups had no significant difference( P ＞ 0.05 )on levels of urinary protein,serum albumin,immunoglobulin,complement,urea nitrogen and serum creatinine.Complement decreased in 53 cases,accounting for 53％ of all the participants.The proportion of male patients with renal insufficiency was 24.00％ (18/75),and the proportion of females with renal insufficiency was 13.33％ (4/30).There was no significant difference ( x2 =1.472,P ＞ 0.05 )on the percentage of males and females with renal insufficiency.The mean value of urea nitrogen was higher than the normal levels ; (5) The proportion of male cases with different deposition of immune complexes was 93.06％ (67/72),and the proportion in females were 92.86％ (26/28) in the exception of 5 cases ( male 3 and female 2 ) with no glomeruli in immunofluorescence examination.No significant difference was found between the two groups( x2 =0.001,P ＞ 0.05 ) ; ( 6 ) There was no significant gender differences( x2 =1.696,P ＞ 0.05 ) found in risk assessment.ConclusionThe prevalence of MPGS is higher in male patients than in females,the main clinical manifestations of which were nephrotic syndrome.Patients were found to have a higher rate of hematuria,decreased complement C3,and renal dysfunction than the normal levels.There was no significant difference in gender on the clinical and pathological aspects of MPGS.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the content determination of 1-phenyl-7-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxy) phe-nyl-5-ol-3-heptanone in active ingredients of Mongolian medicine compound shudage-4. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Intersil ODS-3 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5%phosphoric acid at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 210 nm,temperature was 30 ℃,and the volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range of 1-phenyl-7-(3-me-thoxy-4-hydroxy) phenyl-5-ol-3-heptanone was 0.102-1.02 μg(r=0.999 9);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.52%;average recovery was 97.10%(RSD=1.80%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is accurate,sim-ple and reproducible,and can provide basis for the quality control of Mongolian medicine compound shudage-4.

Objective To investigate the relationship between IL-10 SNPs and pulmonary tubercu-losis susceptibility.Methods Collected 104 blood samples of pulmonary tuberculosis patients as case group and 104 blood samples of healthy.To analyze genotype SNPs of IL-10-819 -1082 by genomic DNA extraction,PCR amplification and TOF mass spectrometry.Finally the differences of gene and the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis occurrence were analyzed.Results IL-10-819 C/C, C/T and T/T site genotype frequencies were not different between two groups( P >0.05).IL-10-1082 G/G、G/A、A/A site genotype frequencies were not different between two groups( P >0.05).In logistic multivariate regression analysis found that:be compared with IL-10-819 C/C, the risk carrying IL-10-819 C/T, T/T group respectively of pulmonary tuberculosis were OR =0.001(95%CI =0.511~1.921), P =0.977, OR =2.116(95%CI=0.263~1.219), P =0.146, without statistical significance.Be compared with IL-10-1082 A/A, the risk carrying IL-10-1082 G/A、G/G group respectively of pulmonary tuberculosis were OR =0.113(95%CI =0.540~2.393), P =0.737, OR =1.872(95%CI =0.275~1.258), P =0.171, without statisti-cal significance.Conclusions IL-10-819 and -1082 genotype and allele distribution are not different, the mutation of genotype is not correlation with pulmonary tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and stability of medical gas suction feeding device for copying the model of respiratory failure in dogs. Methods The self-designed medical gas suction feeding device was used to establish the model of respiratory failure in dogs. After regulating the proportion of oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2), the fraction of inspiration O2 (FiO2) was decreased, while the forced inspiratory carbon dioxide (FiCO2) was increased. At the same time, the breathing out pathway was open to make the arterial oxygen partial pressure p (O2) and arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure p (CO2) reached and stabilized in a stable condition. The arterial blood samples between default state and 1 hour, 2 hour after modeling were collected to detect the blood gas index. Results One hour after the establishment of model, the p (O2) was≤60 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), and p (CO2) was≥50 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), which suggested that the dog model of respiratory failure was established successfully. Compared with the basic state, data of pH, oxygen content, oxygen saturation (SaO2) and residual alkali (BE) were decreased at 1 hour and 2 hour after modeling (P < 0.05). The p (O2), oxygen content, SaO2 were decreased in 2 hour after modeling compared with those of 1h after modeling (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in pH, p (CO2), TCO2, HCO3-and BE between 1 hour and 2 hour after modeling (P > 0.05). Conclusion Under the regulation of the medical gas suction feeding device, the respiratory failure state of large experimental animals is successfully established.

Objective To investigate mRNA expressions of apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3 family (APOBEC3s or A3s) as well as expressions and subcellular distribution of major A3 proteins in HaCaT keratinocytes carrying the genome of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV11.HaCaT),and to evaluate regulatory effects of exogenous interferon-alpha (IFN-α) on the expressions of A3s.Methods The basal levels of A3A,A3B,A3C and A3H mRNA expressions were measured by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in HPV11.HaCaT cells and normal HaCaT cells.Cultured HaCaT,HPV11.HaCaT and Hela cells were treated with recombinant human IFN-α 2b (rhIFN-α2b) at concentrations of 104,105 and 106 IU/ml for 6,24 and 48 hours separately,and those receiving no treatment served as the normal control groups.Then,qRT-PCR was performed to measure mRNA expressions of A3A,A3B,A3C and A3H in these cells.Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to observe the expression and distribution of A3A protein in cells after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b for 6 hours.Results As qRT-PCR showed,the basal levels of A3A,A3B and A3C mRNA expressions were all significantly higher in HPV11.HaCaT cells than in normal HaCaT cells (all P ＜ 0.05).After stimulation,the mRNA expressions of the four A3 members increased to different extents with the increase in rhIFN-α2b concentrations,and the increase in A3A mRNA was the most significant.Compared with corresponding normal control groups,the mRNA expression of A3A was significantly increased in HaCaT cells (35.77 ± 5.01 vs.1.00 ± 0.05,P ＜ 0.05),HPV 11.HaCaT cells (15.34 ± 2.14 vs.0.99 ± 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) and Hela cells (24.60 ± 5.45 vs.0.97 ± 0.03,P ＜ 0.05) after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b at 106 IU/ml for 6 hours,while the increase in A3B,A3C and A3H mRNA expressions was no more than 9-fold in these cell lines after that.Enhanced staining for A3A was observed in nuclei and cytoplasm of the 3 cell lines after the treatment with rhIFN-α2b at 106 IU/ml for 6 hours.Conclusions HPV11 transfected into HaCaT cells can activate intracellular A3s,especially A3A.IFN-α may play an immunoregulatory role by inducing high levels of A3A expression.

Objective To establish an objective health literacy evaluation index system of dementia care for scientific assessment.Methods Literature reviews,in-depth interviews,participatory rapid appraisal,and focus group discussion were adopted to developed a scale and checked its items.Then the scale was utilized to investigate 280 residents,and its reliability and validity were examined.Results The health literacy evaluation index system of dementia care included 56 items which belong to four dimensions of knowledge,attitude,behavior and skills.The total Cronbach α was 0.818,split-half reliability was 0.881,the correlation between the total score and each dimension were significant (r =0.417-0.747).KMO statistic in factor analysis was 0.739 and 8 factors predicted 46.305％ of total variance.What's more,the correlation between each items score and dimension were significant (r =0.221-0.717).Conclusions The health literacy scale presents acceptable reliability and validity in the surveyed sample,which can be used as a valid measure of health literacy in community health service centers and as the basis of health education.

The ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine are mainly covered in the comprehensive bibliogra-phies and special bibliographies of traditional Chinese medicine in the past ages.Their classification was thus de-scribed in the Seven-Classification System, Four-Classification System, Twelve-Classification System,Bibliogra-phy of medical collection and General Bibliography of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine, followed by an analysis of the classification systems of ancient books on traditional Chinese medicine in the past ages and their evo-lution, which helps to search the medical literature from the vast ancient books according to their classification.

PurposeThe monitor of organ microcirculation is significant in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhagic shock (HS). We established an HS experimental model and evaluated it by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), which aimed to evaluate the value of CEUS and time-intensity curve (TIC) in quantitative analysis of renal cortical microcirculation.Materials and Methods The experimental models of HS were established in 30 healthy New Zealand white rabbits by controlled exsanguinations and were divided into four groups according to the shock grade: normal (100% MAP), mild (70% MAP), moderate (50% MAP) and severe (40% MAP). The right kidneys of the experimental model were examined by CEUS. The corresponding parameters of the TIC such as arrival time (AT), time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI) and area under the curve (AUC) were measured with the TIC analysis software package when the region of interest was set in superficial of renal cortex.Results The model of HS were successfully established with 30 healthy New Zealand rabbits. Twenty-seven healthy New Zealand rabbits were alive at the end of the experiment, and three died of severe shock. The TIC rose steeply and reached the peak quickly, and then declined slowly to the baseline, which reflected the transition of microbubble in the region of interest. As the hemorrhagic shock model progressed from normal to mild, PI and AUC gradually decreased and the differences were significant (P<0.05); no significant changes were found in AT and TTP (P>0.05). AT and TTP gradually prolonged compared with normal and mild shock groups, and the differences were significant (P<0.05).Conclusion CEUS and TIC can quickly and accurately assess the renal perfusion changes of acute hemorrhagic shock model of animals in a quantitative way. It can be used as a new noninvasive monitoring tool in quantitative analysis of renal cortical microcirculation.

Purpose To study the effects of different doses of ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue upon contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the kidney of healthy rabbits, and to seek the optimal dose of SonoVue. Materials and Methods CEUS was performed in 10 healthy rabbits with GE LOGIQ-E9 by using 8 different doses of SonoVue (ranging from 0.02 ml/kg to 0.16 ml/kg). The quantitative parameters of the time-intensity curve (TIC) were measured and statistically compared. Results The TICs showed that the peak intensity (PI) and the area under curve (AUC) increased with dose when the doses ranged from 0.02 ml/kg to 0.10 ml/kg (r=0.962 and 0.965, P<0.05); when the dose further increased, AUC had little change but PI decreased reversely. The arrival time (AT) shortened along with the increase of the SonoVue dose (r= - 0.917, P<0.05). The dose had a positive correlation with time to peak (r=0.49, P<0.05). Conclusion The parameters of TIC are influenced intensely by different doses of SonoVue. It is important to realize the relationship between SonoVue doses and its effects upon contrast-enhancement ultrasound in microcirculatory quantification. The dose of 0.10 ml/kg appears to be the optimal dose for CEUS in examining kidney of healthy rabbit.