To explore the allocation and equity of health resource in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 and to provide references for government to carry out regional health planning. Method:General statistical analysis was used to describe changes of health resource allocation in Changsha;from the perspective of the population and geography of the nine counties in Changsha, the equality and change of the configuration among doctors, nurses and hospital beds were analyzed by using the Gini coefficient and Theil index. Results:1) The per capita amount of health resources in Changsha increased gradually, and health resources were mainly concentrated in urban areas. 2 ) The Gini coeffi-cients of doctors, nurses and hospital beds was 0. 24~0. 46 according to population distribution between 2007 and 2013 in Changsha, and the Gini coefficient of all health resources by geography was 0. 59~ 0. 79 and peaked in 2009 to then decrease year after year. Following a comparison of the two kinds of regions, the Gini coefficient of urban are-as was significantly higher than that of rural areas, and the Gini coefficient of nurses was the highest among all health resources. 3) Changes in the Theil index were consistent with the Gini coefficient. The difference in the degree of re-source allocation in urban areas exhibited a rising trend, The Theil index was higher than each regional difference. Conclusion:Overall, the equity of allocation of health resources in Changsha between 2007 and 2013 gradually im-proved year by year. The equity of population configuration was greater than that of geographical configuration, and the equity of rural areas was superior to that of urban areas;the equity of the configuration of nurses was poor. The difference between areas is the main factor affecting the equity of Changsha’s health resource allocation.

Objective:To investigate the clinical value of indocyanine green(ICG) fluorescence imaging in complex laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:The data of 96 patients with complicated gallbladder stones with cholecystitis and cholecystitis who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC) from July 2018 to August 2020 in Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery of Huangshi Central Hospital of Edong Healthcare Group were retrospectively analyzed. Before operation, the patients were divided into experimental group( n=44) and control group( n=52) according to whether indocyanine green was injected intravenously. Seven hours before operation, the experimental group was injected with 2.5 mg indocyanine green, the experimental group underwent LC under guidance of ICG fluorescence imaging technology. The control group underwent conventional LC. The recognition rate of common bile duct and cystic duct, complete anatomy time of gallbladder triangle, operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bile duct injury and residual stone rat were compared. The measurement data obeying normal distribution was expressed by ( Mean± SD), and the t test was used comparison between groups, and the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability was used comparison between enumeration data. Results:The operation was successfully performed in both groups, In the control group, 1 case was converted to laparotomy, There was no perioperative death. Before the incision of the serosa of the triangle of the gallbladder, In the experimental group, the common bile duct recognition rate was 84.1%(37/44), the recognition rate of cystic duct was 72.7%(32/44). In the control group, the common bile duct recognition rate was 26.9%(14/52), the recognition rate of cystic duct was 28.8% (15/52). There were statistically significant differences in the recognition rate of common bile duct and cystic duct between the two groups ( P< 0.05). In experimental group, the time of complete dissection of gallbladder triangle, the operation time, the intraoperative blood loss were (30.2±8.6) min, (48.2±9.8) min, (16.3±5.2) mL, and (46.7±13.9) min, (65.2±15.4) min, (26.1±11.3) mL in the control group, there were statistically significant difference in the above indicators between experimental group and control group( P<0.05). There was no extrahepatic bile duct injury and residual stones in the experimental group. In the control group, there was 1 case of right posterior hepatic duct injury, 2 cases of common bile duct injury and 1 case of residual gallstone. There was no significant difference in extrahepatic bile duct injury and postoperative stone residual rate between the two groups ( χ2=3.532, P=0.081). Conclusion:ICG fluorescence navigation is helpful for early identification of common bile duct and cystic duct in laparoscopic complex cholecystectomy, which can avoid iatrogenic bile duct injury and has good clinical value.

Objective To investigate the effects of curcumin on mRNA expression of cytokines related to Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling in THP-1 cells.Methods After pretreatment with different concentrations (50,25,12.5 mg/L) of curcumin or dexamethasone for 12 hours,THP-1 cells were stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS.1 mg/L) for 4 hours followed by the collection of cells.Then total RNA was isolated from these cells and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6),interleukin-1 receptorassociated kinase (IRAK1) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB.THP-1 cells without pretreatment or stimulation served as negative control,and those only stimulated with LPS served as LPS group.Results After stimulation with LPS (1 mg/L) for 4 hours,the mRNA expressions of TRAF6,IRAK1 and NF-κB were significantly upregulated in THP-1 cells compared with negative control cells (f=38.69,39.13,23.99,all P<0.01).Curcumin of 50 mg/L and 25 mg/L significantly inhibited the mRNA expressions of TRAF6.IRAK 1 and NF-κB upregulated by LPS with an inhibition rate of more than 50% (all P<0.0 1).Conclusions Certain concentrations of curcumin can inhibit the mRNA expressions of TRAF6.IRAK1 and NF-κB.which demonstrates the regulatory effect of curcumin on the mRNA expressions of TLR4 signaling pathway-associated cytokines.

Objective To investigate the effect of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) mediated by recombinant adenovirus (Adv) on the neural differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) of rats.Methods The rBMSCs were isolated and cultured by attachment method.The surface marker protein was identified by flow cytometry.The rBMSCs were divided into 4 groups:control group,AdV enhanced green fluorescence protein (Adv-EGFP) + induction group(empty virus group),CT-1 group and induction group.The cells were transfected by Adv in the corresponding multiplicity of infections.Each group was induced by neural induction medium except for control group.The cells morphological changes were observed by microscope and the expressions of Nestin,neuronal nuclei (NeuN) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) were detected respectively by cellular immunofluorescence at 5 h,3 d and 7 d after induction.Results After induction treatment,neuron-like cells morphological changes were observed in all the groups except for control group,among which the most obvious change was found in CT-1 group.The positive rate of Nestin was the highest at 5 h after induction.Positive rate of CT-1 group[(86.31 ± 4.27)％] was higher than any other groups,the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001);after which its positive rate gradually declined,the positive rate of CT-1 group changed more obviously than other groups,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.001).The difference in Nestin positive rate between the empty virus group and induction group was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05) at various time points.The NeuN and GFAP could be observed in CT-1 group at 5 h after induction.Then the positive rate of NeuN and GFAP increased gradually,and climbed to the highest point [(64.41 ± 3.65)％,(47.14 ± 4.29)％] on 7 d after induction.Positive rate of NeuN and GFAP in CT-1 group at various time points were higher than that of other groups,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.001).The difference of NeuN and GFAP positive rate between the empty virus group and induction group was not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CT-1 could promote the neural differentiation of rBMSCs.

Objective To investigate the incidence of needle stick injuries of nursing students in different stages of clinical practice and occupational protective education to provide evidence for developing education strategies. Methods One hundred and forty-one nursing students were surveyed retrospectively by a self-designed questionnaire. Results A total of 75.9%(107/141) nursing students had been injured in clinical practice. The incidence of needle stick injuries varied in different stages of clinical practice. Compared with the middle and late stage of clinical practice, the incidence of needle stick injuries was highest in the early stage of clinical practice:53.9%(76/141) vs. 38.3%(54/141),7.8%(11/141),and there was significant difference, χ2=216.14, P<0.05.About 64.2%(88/141)-78.0%(110/141) nursing students had not received protective education on the needle stick injuries. Only 48.9%(69/141)-55.3%(78/141) of nursing students were given protective training on needle stick injuries in their practice hospitals. Before clinical practice, 63.1%(89/141) nursing students had not been vaccinated to prevent infective diseases. Conclusions To reduce the incidence of needle stick injuries and related potential risks of infection caused by injuries, it is necessary to strengthen pre-practice education on occupational protection among nursing students. Perfect supervision system should also be established in practice hospitals and clinic wards.

Objective To investigate the clinical application of multiplex allele-specific PCR assays for simultaneous detection of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA A1555G and C1494T mutations associated with aminoglycoside-induced hearing impairment.Methods Three standard plasmids of different genotypes (wild-type, A1555G mutant and C1494T mutant) were constructed for templates and allele-specific primers aiming directly at wild-type and mutant of mitochondrial DNA nt1555 and nt1494 were designed for developing a multiplex allele-specific PCR technique to detect the A1555G and C1494T mutations.Then the method was applied to clinical screening of 138 non-syndromic hearing loss subjects and confirmed by DNA sequencing.Results Multiplex allele-specific PCR was successfully applied to the detection of A1555G and C1494T mutations in a cohort of 138 Han Chinese genetically unrelated hearing-loss subjects.Finally, 11(7.97%) unrelated affected subjects harbored the A1555G and C1494T mutations in the 12S rRNA gene(10 cases for A1555G and 1 cases for C1494T), which was well consistent with results of DNA sequencing [7.97%(11/138), Kappa=1.000, P＜0.01].Conclusion This study indicates that the multiplex allele-specific PCR assay is useful, convenient and reliable in the detection of the A1555G and C1494T mutations, which could identify the subjects at risk and effectively prevent of aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.

Objective To observe the effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) on chondrocytes co-cultured with infrapatellar fat pads.Methods Twenty-four infrapatellar fat pads and cartilages from female knee trauma patients aged between 25 and 35 were cut and stained using hematoxylin-eosin staining.Chondrocytes were isolated from part of the integrated surface of the cartilages to be cultured in vitro.They were then randomly divided into a normal chondrocyte group (the control group),a normal chondrocyte+FCM (fat conditioned medium) group (the model group),a normal chondrocyte+ FCM + LIP US group (the treatment group),and a normal chondrocyte+ FCM + LIPUS + GRGDSP (an integrin inhibitor) group (the inhibited group).The treatment group and inhibited group received LIPUS at 40 mW/cm2 for 20 min once a day,while the other groups received sham LIPUS treatment.Five days later,the cells were collected and western blotting was used to examine the expression of type Ⅱ collagen (COL2),aggrecan (Acan),matrixmetalloproteinase (MMP)-13,integrin β1,phosphorylation-focal adhesion kinase (p-FAK) and phosphorylation p38 (p-p38).Results Western blotting showed that compared with the control group,the expression of COL2 and Acan was significantly lower in the model group,but that of MMP-13,integrin β1,p-FAK and p-p38 was significantly higher.As compared with the model group,the expression of COL2,Acan,integrin β1 and p-FAK was significantly higher,and that of MMP-13 and p-p38 was significantly lower in the treatment group.The expression of COL2,Acan,MMP-13,integrin β1,p-FAK and p-p38 showed no significant difference between the inhibited and model groups,but that of COL2,Acan,MMP-13,integrin β1,p-FAK and p-p38 was significantly different between the control and treatment groups.Conclusions LIPUS provides a protective effect on chondrocytes through inhibiting the expression of MMP-13 induced by adipokines and the degradation of COL2 and Acan through activating the integrin-FAK-p38 MAPK pathway.

Background and purpose: Because of the aggressive nature of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and the absence of effective adjuvant therapy, surgical radical resection offers hilar cholangiocarcinoma patients the only choice. Research focus include preoperative assessment, the use of preoperative biliary drainage, the range of hepatic resection, and the range of lymphadenectomy. To investigate the clinical experience and efifcacy of combined hepatectomy in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Two hundred and seven patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated surgically in the First Afifliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University form Jan. 2007 to Oct. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. Results:Of the 207 patients, 125 patients who received radical resection (R0 resection) and the curative resection rate was 60.4%. One hundred and iffty-six cases were treated in combined hepatectomy group, 51 cases in non-hepatectomy group, the rate of R0 resection was 70.5%in hepatectomy group and 29.4%in non-hepatectomy group, and the difference was signiifcant (P<0.01). Two patients died perioperatively, the main postoperative complications included hepatic function insufifciency and bile leakage. One hundred and seventy-two patients were followed up, the median survival time of the 102 patients who received R0 resection was 45 months, and the 1, 3, 5 year survival rates were 96.1%, 59.1%and 17.2%. The median survival time of the 70 patients who received R1-2 resection was 26 months, and the 1, 3 year survival rates were 81.3%and 19.2%, and none of the patient survived for over 5 years. The survival rate of patients who received R0 resection was signiifcantly higher than those who received R1-2 resection (χ2=39.121, P<0.01). In the hepatectomy group was awarded the R0 resection in patients with postoperative 1, 3, 5 year survival rate was 97.8%, 63.9% and 18.0%, in non-hepatectomy group received R0 resection in patients with postoperative 1, 3, 5 year survival rate was 83.3%, 20.8%and 8.3%. There were signiifcant differences in the postoperative survival rate between both group (χ2=5.988, P=0.014). Conclusion:Radical excision is the key to improve the long term survival. Combined hemihepatectomy and standardized lymph node resection has signiifcantly improved the radical resection rate and the efifcacy of treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma.

Objective:To investigate themechanism on NF-κB mediates the injection coryadlis decumbens pers ( ICDP ) participated in neuroprotection after ischemia reperfusion of rats .Methods:The SD rats were rando mly divided into several groups as follows:Sham operation group,Model group,1.0 ml/kg ICDP group(Low-dose,ICDP-L),2.5 ml/kg ICDP group(Middle-dose,ICDP-M),5 ml/kg ICDP group(High-dose,ICDP-H),and NF-κB inhibitor group(BAY11-7082).24 h after anesthetize,the volume of infarct sections in different groups were detected by TCC staining ,and the phosphorylated NF-κB expression in rats brain was observed by im-munohistochemistry and Western blot .Results:The TTC staining showed that different concentration of ICDP and BAY 11-7082 could reduce the brain infarction volume significantly .There was no significant different effect among the ICDP-H group,ICDP-M group and inhibitor group ,however ,the effect in these three groups was more effective than that in the ICDP-M group.In addition ,the results of im-munohistochemistry indicated that phosphorylated NF-κB p65 expressed in brain tissue located mainly at the nucleus neuronal cells in the CA1 region of hippocampusin model rats ,and the expression of phosphorylated NF-κB were significantly reduced inICDP groups and BAY11-7082 group.Conclusion: The ICDP can reduce brain infarct volume after ischemia reperfusion of rats .The neuralprotection mechanism of ICDP may relative toinhibits thehyperphosphorylation of NF-κB.

Objective To observe expression levels of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and cholecystokinin (CCK) in the hippocampus and spinal cord in morphine withdrawal or tolerance mice treated by electroacupuncture or catgut embedding and explore the difference between the regulating effects of electroacupuncture and catgut embedding on morphine withdrawal and tolerance.Methods Fifty-six male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to withdrawal control, withdrawal model, withdrawal catgut embedding and withdrawal electroacupuncture groups, and tolerance control, tolerance model, tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance electroacupuncture groups, 7 mice in each group. A model of morphine withdrawal was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine hydrochloride using 7-day increasing addiction method. The withdrawal control group was injected with an equal volume of normal saline at the same time points. In the withdrawal electroacupuncture group, electroacupuncture at bilateral points Shenshu was performed using a Han’s acupoint nerve stimulation device (HANS-200) at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. In the withdrawal catgut embedding group, 0.5 cm chromic catgut was embedded in bilateral points Shenshu at 15 min after an injection of morphine hydrochloride. Addiction was promoted by intraperitoneal injection of naloxone 4 mg/kg at 10 o’clock on the seventh day’s morning and Withdrawal reactions were observed in the mice. The score was recorded using the Ryuta Tomoji opioid withdrawal symptoms evaluation scale. NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A model of morphine tolerance was made by subcutaneous injection of morphine 10 mg/kg. The tolerance control group was injected with tolerance normal saline 10 ml/kg at the same time. In the tolerance catgut embedding group, catgut was embedded in point Shenshu at the first day after model making. In the tolerance electroacupuncture group, point Shenshu was given electroacupuncture at the first day after model making. After seven days of treatment, NMDA receptor and CCK contents in the hippocampus and spinal cord were measured by ELISA.Results There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR2B expression between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the withdrawal catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the withdrawal model group (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the withdrawal model and withdrawal control groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in spinal cord NR2A and NR2B expressions between the withdrawal electroacupuncture and withdrawal model groups (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in hippocampal NR2A, NR2B and CCK expressions between the tolerance model and tolerance control groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding and tolerance model groups (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in hippocampal NR1 expression between the tolerance electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model or tolerance catgut embedding group (P<0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in spinal cord CCK expression between the tolerance catgut embedding or withdrawal electroacupuncture group and the tolerance model group (P<0.05).Conclusions Both catgut embedding and electroacupuncture at point Shenshu have a reducing effect on morphine tolerance and withdrawal. The therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture is better than that of catgut embedding.