Ojective To evalute the efficacy of the procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids (PPH) in the treatment of patients with severe hemorrhoids (grade Ⅲ～Ⅳ?) Methods 60 cases of hemorrhoids at the third or fourth degree were operated on by PPH. Results The mean operation time was 9 minutes and mean hospitalization time was 2.5 days. Postoperative bleeding was noted in 8 cases (13.3%) at the 1 st and 7 th day after operation, which was cured by conservative methods. 24 patients had no annal spasm following the procedure. Follow-up period lasting for 1-7 months showed no complications Conclusions PPH is a safe and effective treatment for hemorrhoids at the third or fourth degree with the advantages of shorter hsopitaliztion time and quicker recovery.

Objective:To investigate the alterations of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and functional connectivity (FC) in patients with Parkinson′s disease (PD) with apathy.Methods:From May 2016 to August 2019, PD patients and age-, gender-and education level-matched healthy controls (HC) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were prospectively recruited. The clinical and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data of PD patients and HC were analyzed. According to the Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) scores, PD patients were divided into PD with apathy (PD-A) group and PD without apathy (PD-NA) group. Rs-fMRI images were processed by DPABI based on MATLAB. ALFF values were calculated and the standard ALFF (zALFF) were obtained. ANOVA and Post-Hoc t test were performed to compare the differences in local brain activity among the three groups. The brain regions with significant different zALFF values were selected as the seeds to calculate the FC values of the whole brain. The associations between FC values and the SAS scores were performed using pearson correlation analyses. Results:A total of 75 PD patients (50 males, 25 females, aged from 44 to 88 years) and 41 HC (25 males, 16 females, aged from 54 to 72 years) were enrolled. There were 42 patients in the PD-A group and 33 patients in the PD-NA group. Significant differences were found in zALFF values among the PD-A, PD-NA and HC groups ( P<0.05). After Post-Hoc t test, compared with the HC group, zALFF values were significantly increased in the right middle frontal gyrus in the PD-A group ( P<0.05) and significantly decreased in the left precuneus in the PD-NA group; The zALFF values of the right middle frontal gyrus and left precuneus in the PD-A group were significantly higher than those in PD-NA group ( P<0.05). Brain regions with different zALFF values were used as seeds for whole-brain FC. Compared with PD-NA group, FC values between the right middle frontal gyrus and bilateral precuneus, left superior frontal gyrus and its medial side, left middle frontal gyrus, left angular, left anterior cingulate gyrus, left posterior cingulate gyrus, left parahippocampal gyrus were significantly decreased in the PD-A group ( P<0.05). Additionally, FC values of PD patients between the right middle frontal gyrus with the left precuneus, the left superior frontal gyrus and its medial side, and the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with SAS scores ( r=-0.31, -0.30 and -0.34, both P<0.05). Conclusion:PD-A and PD-NA patients have different brain functional activities and connections in the frontal lobe, parietal lobe and limbic system, suggesting that apathy in PD may be associated with the abnormal functional connections of the frontal-parietal cortical circuit and the frontal-limbic-striatal loop.

Objective:To investigate the alterations of brain resting-state functional connectivity in patients with leukoaraiosis(LA), and to explore its neuropathological mechanism of cognitive dysfunction.Methods:From August 2022 to February 2023, 28 patients with LA(LA group) and 30 gender, age and education level matched normal controls(NC group) in Jiangsu Shengze Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University were prospectively recruited.Mini mental state examination, trail-making test, and Stroop color-word test were used to evaluate the cognitive function of participants, rs-fMRI images were processed by DPABI V6.1 based on MATLAB R2022a.Voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity(VMHC) values were calculated and two-sample t test were performed to compare the differences in local brain activity between the two groups.The brain regions with significant differences were selected as the seeds to calculate the functional connectivity(FC) values of the whole brain, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed to evaluate the correlation between the FC values and neuropsychological scores. Results:The VMHC values of the calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex(CAL) (x=±18, y=-63, z=15), postcentral gyrus(PoCG) (x=±39, y=-27, z=48), lingual gyrus(LING) (x=±12, y=-51, z=-6), middle occipital gyrus(x=±27, y=-75, z=24) and insula(x=±36, y=6, z=3) in the LA group were lower than those in the NC group( P<0.05). The seed points FC results showed, FC values between right CAL(CAL.R) and bilateral precuneus(PCUN), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex(DLPFC.R) and right temporal_mid were reduced in the LA group( P<0.05); FC values between PoCG.R and left CAL, left temporal_mid and right LING were reduced too( P<0.05). Additionally, the FC value in the LA group between CAL.R and DLPFC.R was negatively correlated with the Stroop C score( r=-0.39, P<0.05). The FC value in LA group and NC group between CAL.R and DLPFC.R was negatively correlated with the Stroop C score( r=-0.48, P<0.001)and also negatively correlated with the trail making test B(TMT-B) score( r=-0.40, P<0.01), and the FC value between CAL.R and PCUN.L was negatively correlated with the TMT-B score( r=-0.45, P<0.001). Conclusion:Desynchronized interhemispheric functional connectivity and abnormal cortical circuit functional connectivity were probably associated with the underlying neural mechanisms of cognitive impairment in LA.