Cyanobacteria are simple organisms which possess an endogenous circadian clock.Although the cyanobacterial clock has the same fundamental properties as circadian clocks in eukaryotes,its components are non-homologous to those of eukaryotes.The clock core of the cyanobacteria consists of the kai gene cluster and three Kai proteins KaiA,KaiB and KaiC,which the kai genes encode.The interactions among the Kai proteins modulate the phosphorylation state of KaiC,which generates circadian rhythm.The KaiC phosphorylation cycle constitutes the pacemaker of the cyanobacterial circadian rhythm.And signal transduction into and out of the clock core could occur via histidine protein kinase-based phosphorylation relays.

Objective:To explore the expression and clinical significance of IRF-1 gene in leukemia.Methods:Revert polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and gel image analysis system were used to analyse the expression of IRF-1 gene in 77 leukemias and 4 leukemic cell lines.Results:IRF-1 gene was found in 18 patients with acute leukemia.Significant low expression of IRF-1 gene was detected in the acute leukemia?chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) and 3 leukemic cell lines HL 60 K 562 and U 937 compared with the normal and non-mallignant hematonosis (P

Objective     To investigate the current status of esophageal cancer surgery-related researches using bibliometric methodologies and identify the trend and hotspots. Methods     The Chinese and English literature was collected from Web of Science and CNKI from inception of each database to April 1, 2022. VOSviewer 1.6.18 and CiteSpace 6.1 were applied to cluster the authors, institutions, and keywords. For social network and time series analysis, Excel, GraphPad, and R 4.0.3 were used to visualize the literature on esophageal cancer surgery. Results     Finally, 19 566 English literature and 19 872 Chinese literature was included. The results demonstrated that the annual publishing of both Chinese and English literature increased over time, with English literature increasing rapidly and Chinese literature maintaining an average number of above 1 000 per year from 2011 to 2019. Researches were predominantly centered in Europe, the United States, Japan, South Korea, and China. China's researches in the field of surgical treatment in esophageal cancer lacked international collaboration, which began later than East Asian countries such as Japan and South Korea and had less influence. From the keyword perspective, previous researches on surgical treatment of esophageal cancer mostly focused on surgical techniques, complications, and comprehensive perioperative therapy. Both Chinese and English literature showed that the prevalence of keywords such as minimally invasive surgery, comprehensive treatment, and clinical trials increased dramatically during the recent years, indicating that these fields may represent the future directions and research trends. Conclusion     Compared to East Asia countries, such as Japan and South Korea, Chinese esophageal cancer surgery-related researches are relatively lacking. The research direction and field are similar to those in developed countries such as the United States and Europe. Future attention may be focused on minimally invasive treatment, comprehensive treatment, and clinical trials associated with surgical treatment of esophageal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer has been the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide for many years. This study aimed to investigate the global patterns and trends of lung cancer. METHODS: Lung cancer incidence and mortality were derived from the GLOBOCAN 2020 database. Continuous data from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Time Trends were used to analyze the temporal trends from 2000 to 2012 using Joinpoint regression, and average annual percent changes were calculated. The association between the Human Development Index and lung cancer incidence and mortality was assessed by linear regression. RESULTS: An estimated 2.2 million new lung cancer cases and 1.8 million lung cancer-related deaths occurred in 2020. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) ranged from 36.8 per 100,000 in Demark to 5.9 per 100,000 in Mexico. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) varied from 32.8 per 100,000 in Poland to 4.9 per 100,000 in Mexico. Both ASIR and ASMR were approximately twice higher in men than in women. The ASIR of lung cancer showed a downward trend in the United States of America (USA) between 2000 and 2012, and was more prominent in men. The age-specific incidence rates of lung cancer for ages of 50 to 59 years showed an upward trend in China for both men and women. CONCLUSIONS The burden of lung cancer is still unsatisfactory, especially in developing countries like China. Considering the effectiveness of tobacco control and screening in developed countries, such as the USA, there is a need to strengthen health education, accelerate the establishment of tobacco control policies and regulations, and improve early cancer screening awareness to reduce the future burden of lung cancer.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; United States ; Middle Aged ; Incidence ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Linear Models ; China/epidemiology*