In surgical operation of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC),the resection of lymph node involvement is highly correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC patients.The precise estimation of localized lymph node involved and the determination of relevant pattern of lymphadenectomy are the significant predictors for the prognosis and postoperative treatment in NSCLC patients.Therefore to identify the lymph node metastasis earlier has more important significance for tumor clinical staging and making therapeutic schedule.In recent years,the value of sentinel lymph node (SIN) has attracted more and more researchers attention in detecting the occult lymph node micrometastases and surgical staging.

Objective To determine the off -label use of antibacterial agents,we investigated and analyzed the current status about off -label use of antibacterial agents.Methods The random sampling was conducted to select the outpatient prescription including antibacterial agents from January to April in 2016.According to drug instructions,the off -label drug use of prescription was analyzed.Results 1 264 prescriptions involving 58 kinds of drugs were analyzed.The main categories of off -label drug use were no pediatric and elderly information(23.42%), indication(4.1 5%),dosage (6.31 %),dosage range (62.95%)and administration route (3.1 5%).Conclusion The off -label use of antibacterial agents is common in our hospital.It's in need to regulate off -label drug use.

OBJECTIVETo establish a model bearing human lung cancer xenograft with bone metastasis in mice with normal immune function.

METHODSForty female C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into 4 equal groups, including a control group and 3 immunosuppression groups treated with low, moderate, and high doses of dexamethasone (50, 100, and 150 mg, respectively). Four days after immune suppression, the mice were subjected to percutaneous injection of1.0×10(9) L(-1) A549 cells into the tibial plateau, and the bone defects were assessed radiographically 28 days after modeling. HE staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to examine the tumor tissues and bone tissue damages.

RESULTSIn each of the 4 groups one mouse died during tumor cell injection. Only 1 mouse showed tumor formation in low-dose immunosuppression group, as compared to 7 and 4 in moderate- and high-dose immunosuppression groups. X-ray and microCT scan showed significant tibial bone destruction in moderate- and high-dose groups. The moderate- and high-dose groups showed similar ALP activities but both were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONImmunosuppression with a moderate dose of dexamethasone results in longer survival time of the human lung cancer xenograft-bearing model mice as well as a higher tumor formation rate.

Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; secondary ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dexamethasone ; pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neoplasm Transplantation

Enzyme-catalyzed CO₂ reduction to value-added commodities is important for alleviating the global environmental issues and energy crises due to high selectivity and mild conditions. Owing to high energy density, formic acid or methanol produced from CO₂ using formate dehydrogenase (FDH) or multi-enzyme cascades are promising target chemicals for CO₂ utilization. However, the low activity, poor stability and low reusability of key enzymes involved in such process hampered its large-scale application. Enzyme immobilization provides an effective solution to these problems and significant progress have been made in immobilization carriers. Moreover, integration of enzyme immobilization with other catalysis techniques have been explored extensively. This review summarized the recent advances in the immobilization of enzymes using membranes, inorganic materials, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and other carriers, and illustrated the characteristics and advantages of different immobilization materials and immobilization methods. The synergistic effects and applications of immobilized enzymes and electrocatalytic or photocatalytic coupling reaction systems for CO₂ reduction were further summarized. Finally, the current challenges of enzyme immobilization technology and coupling reaction systems were pointed out and their development prospects were presented.
Enzymes, Immobilized ; Carbon Dioxide ; Catalysis ; Formate Dehydrogenases ; Metal-Organic Frameworks