Objective To explore the possibility of ototoxicity of aminoglycosides on neonatal guinea pigs of different age groups (including premature) receiving amikacin with therapeutic doses. Methods Amikacin was injected intramuscularly with a dose of 65 mg/kg once a day for 14 days in neonatal, infant, and adult groups with 48 guinea pigs each, and 15 in premature group. 5~8 guinea pigs in each group were sacrificed for histological examination of cochlea with microscopy and scanning electron microscopy on the 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, 10 th and 14 th day, as well the 28 th, 60 th day. There were 6 guinea pigs in each age group for control. Results Many stereocilia were lain down or disappeared as early as the 3 rd day and outer hair cells were absent on the 5 th day in either premature or neonatal group. The numbers of absent hair cells in neonatal group were more than those in infant and adult groups after the 7 th day ( P

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of plasmapheresis in the treatment of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.Methods Twenty four patients with hyperlidemic acute pancreatitis were treated with plasmapheresis combined with the conventional therapeutic measures.The clinical symptoms,serum levels of lipids (triglycerides,cholesterol)and the prognosis of patients were observed and compared before and after the treatment of plasmpheresis.Results One case underwent plasmapheresis after surgery,one case with extremely severe symptoms underwent surgical treatment after plasmapheresis,twenty two cases didn't underwent surgical treatment.After the plasmapheresis treatment the clinical symptoms of twenty four patients were alleviated and the blood lipid levels decreased significantly.The triglyceride concentrations decreased significantly from(24.55 ± 10.76) mmol/L to ( 3.85 ± 3.02 ) mmol/L ( t =7.099,P ＜ 0.01 ) and the cholesterol concentrations decreased significantly from ( 10.82 ± 5.06 ) mmol/L to ( 3.43 ± 1.28 ) mnol/L ( t =5.826,P ＜0.01 ).Twenty four cases of patients were cured and discharged.Conclusion It is safe and effective of plasmapheresis in treatmeat of hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis.

Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism at G-395A site of the Klotho (KL) gene and to analyze its correlation with the coronary heart disease(CHD) and serum Cystatin C(Cys C) level in the elderly Chinese Han population in central China.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 278 elderly Chinese Han population in this department,who were divided into CHD group(138 cases)and control group(140 cases) according to bear angiography coronary or not.G-395A polymorphism of KL gene was determined by TaqMan Gene probe method,and the relationship between G-395A polymorphism and coronary heart disease and serum Cys-C level was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the frequency of GG genotype of G-395A in CHD group was significantly higher,and the frequency of AA genotype and AG genotype was not statistically significant.The levels of Cys-C in the GG genotype were higher than those in the AA and AG genotypes both in the control group and coronary heart disease group.Conclusion In the elderly Han population in central China,the risk of suffering coronary heart disease is higher among the GG genotype of the G-395A locus of the KL gene.KL gene G-395A site gene mutation may affect the development of atherosclerosis by affecting blood Cys-C levels.

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of Gab 2 in colorectal cancer tissues .Methods:Immuno-histochemistry was used to detect the expression of Gab 2 in 78 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and 46 cases of the adjacent tissues and to analyze the association of Gab2 expression with the clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancer;The expression of Gab2 in samples from 10 cases of colorectal cancer tissues and matched adjacent nontumorous tissues was detected by Western blot .Results: The results of immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the Gab 2 protein positive expression rate in 78 cases of colorectal cancer was 53.85%;whereas was negative expression or weak in the adjacent tissues , showing a significant difference of comparison within this result (P<0.001) .The expression of Gab2 in colorectal cancer was related with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05) , but no relation with the size and differentiation of tumor (P>0.05) .Western blot showed that the Gab2 protein expression of colorectal cancer cases was significantly higher than that of matched adjacent nontumorous tissues ( P<0.05 ).Conclusion: Gab2 was overexpressed in colorectal cancer .Gab2 maybe play an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma .

Plasma exchange (PE) is a therapeutic blood component replacement method. The blood of patients is first separated into plasma and blood cell components using a blood cell separator in vitro, the plasma containing harmful pathogenic substances is then discarded and replaced with the same volume of exchange solution. Finally the separated blood cells together with the exchange solution are returned back to the blood circulation of patients. By reducing the circulating antibodies, abnormal plasma proteins or cytokines and other pathogenic molecules, PE can block the disease process. PE has a good therapeutic effect on neuromyelitis optica-related optic neuritis (NMO-ON), which shows resistant to glucocorticoid therapy for the first onset. The American Society for Apheresis guideline evaluates PE for acute optic neuritis as a recommended grade 1B, type II indication. In the implementation of PE treatment for NMO-ON and other diseases, indications and contraindications should be strictly adhered to the guideline, treatment procedures and protocols should be optimized, common adverse events and its prevention and management should be known and alerted. It is important to conduct multi-center clinical cooperation and a high standard clinical randomized controlled study, to find out the optimal time window, the best protocol, and the associated factors for the efficacy and prognosis of PE in NMO-ON.

BACKGROUND:It is important to prepare a mal eable putty to repair irregular bone defects because the preformed bone substitute material cannot suit to bone defects.
OBJECTIVE:To prepare mal eable demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid putty and to screen out the optimal composite ratio, as wel as to evaluate its cellcompatibility.
METHODS:Demineralized bone matrix was prepared from the cortical bone of healthy donors. The hyaluronic acid was dissolved at concentrations of 0.75%, 1.5%, 3%, 4.5%, and the viscosity of them was measured. Then 450 mg demineralized bone matrix was compounded with 1 mL hyaluronic acid solution to prepare the demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid putty, and the optimal ratio of demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid was screened by the disintegrated time of the putty at 37 ℃. L-929 mouse fibroblasts were cultured in the leaching liquor of demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid, and the cytotoxicity was tested by cellcount kit-8 assay at days 1, 4 and 7.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:With the increase of hyaluronic acid concentration, the viscosity of hyaluronic acid solution was increased;the demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid putty was strengthened and the disintegrated time was prolonged gradual y. When the ratio of demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid was 15/1, demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid was molded easily, and the disintegrated time was 8 hours in 7 ℃ PBS. The results of cytotoxicity showed that cellproliferation rates were 93.72%, 101.65%and 97.68%at days 1, 4 and 7 respectively, while the cytotoxicity was in grade 0 or 1. These findings indicate that demineralized bone matrix/hyaluronic acid putty at a compound ratio of 15:1 can be molded easily and difficult to disintegrate, with low cytotoxicity.

Objective To evaluate the visual improvement of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) for refractory optic neuritis (ON) patients in acute phase.Methods Seventy-five affected eyes from 44 refractory ON patients with severe visual defect or resistance to high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) therapy,who were admitted to The Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 2015 and August 2016,were recruited and received TPE therapy.Among these patients,11 were male and 33 were female;the average age was 39.1 ± 13.9;31 patients had two affected eyes,13 patients had one affected eye.The course of the disease on the group of patients were more than 2 weeks,and the visual acuity worsened for more than 10 days and continued to deteriorate.TPE treatment was performed on all of the patients.BCVA was recorded before and 24 h after treatment,and the visual function was scored using visual outcome scale (VOS).At the same time,the adverse reactions of TPE treatment were observed.The paired t-test was used to compare the VOS before and after treatment.The correlation between VOS before and after treatment was analyzed by Linear-by-Linear correlation analysis.Results Among 75 affected eyes,the post-therapy VOS 3.89 ±2.13 was significantly improved from pre-therapy VOS 5.56± 1.69 (t=6.77,P＜0.001).Forty-eight of 75 eyes were improved at lease 1 score of VOS,the overall rate of visual improvement was 64.0％.Especially among the eyes with initial vision of light perception,an improved rate of 82.4％ was presented.75.0％ in those eyes with initial vision of count fingers and 67.7％ in no light perception.Linear-by-Linear correlation analysis showed a significant linear correlation between the scores of VOS before and after TPE treatment (r=0.398,P=0.01).During the course of TPE treatment,5 patients had mild adverse reactions such as low calcium reaction and allergic reaction and were well controlled after treatment.Conclusion Using TPE to treat refractory ON in acute phased can improve the visual function of patients.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli（ETEC）infection can induce watery diarrhea，leading to dehydration，electrolyte disturbance，and even death in severe cases. Recombinant B subunit/inactivated whole-cell cholera（rBS/WC）vaccine is effective in preventing ETEC infectious diarrhea. On the basis of the latest evidence on etiology and epidemiology of ETEC，as well as the effectiveness，safety，and health economics of rBS/WC vaccine，National Clinical Research Center for Child Health（The Children’s Hospital，Zhejiang University School of Medicine）and Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention invited experts to develop expert consensus on rBS/WC vaccine in prevention of ETEC infectious diarrhea. It aims to provide the clinicians and vaccination professionals with guidelines on using rBS/WC vaccine to reduce the incidence of ETEC infectious diarrhea.