The examination question database on Nutrition and Food Hygiene was set up and applied to reduce the effects of subjective factors on test efficacy.The test items of noun explanation,brief answer and discussion were compiled in the form of Microsoft Excel.Then the items were classified by Excel filtration function and a test paper was created by random sampling from the database.It reduces teachers' burden of making test questions and increases objectivity of test questions,which has achieved good results in teaching.

We measured baseline and activated (stimulated by 2 ug/ml collagen ) cytoplasmic ionozed calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i. [Ca2+ ]ic) in fura-2 loaded platelet to 31 patients with acute cerebral infarction and. 23 healthy controls. We also measured platelet calmodulin (CaM) content from part of the patients and controls. The result showed that [Ca2+]i , [Ca2+]ic and CaM were higher in patients (P

Objective To study the efficacy of intravitreous injection (IVI) or sub-Tenaninfusion (STi) of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) for diabetic macular oedema. Design Retrospective cases series. Participants 37 cases (37 eyes) with diabetic macular oedema confirmed by fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods Patients were received 4mg TA by single intravitreous injection or 40mg TA by three times sub-Tenoninfusion at 0d, 2w, 4w. The best corrected visual acuity, fundus examination, intraocular pressure, fundus fluorescence angiography were further analyzed, and the retinal thickness of macular fovea were measured by OCT. Main Outcome Measures The visual acuity, thickness of retinal macular fovea, ocular pressure was measured. Results 32 cases (32 eyes) completed the 24 week followed-up. In group IVI, the visual acuity before and after injection was 0.10±0. 03, 0.24±0.06(F=15.459, P=0.000) respectively; and retinal thickness of macular fovea is(460.73±46.33)μm,(394.53±41.43)μm (F=25. 282, P=0.0000) respectively. But in group STi, the visual acuity before and after injection is 0.11±0.04, 0.18±0.07(F=6.989, P=0.000) accordingly; and retinal thickness of maculur fovea is (454.76±56.28)μm,(424.94±42.69)μm (F=5.145, P=0.000) respectively. There was obvious statistical significance between two methods at same time point(all P<0.05). The serious, irreversible complications had not been found in all patients during follow-up. Conclusion Triamcinolone acetonide by single intravitreous injection or repeatedly sub-Tenoninfasion are good ways to relieve diabetic macular oederna, IVA-TA is more effective, and STi-TA safer. (Ophthaimol CHN, 2009, 18: 246-250)

Objective:To analyze the relationship between thyroid function, iodine nutrition level and thyroid autoantibodies in pregnant women.Methods:In 2016, pregnant women were selected from different water iodine areas in Tianjin. A disposable urine sample of 25 ml was collected to determine urine iodine, and 3 ml of intravenous non-anticoagulated blood was collected to determine serum thyroid hormones and thyroid autoantibodies. Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to determine the thyroid function indexes [free triiodothyronine (FT 3), free thyroxine (FT 4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)], thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) levels in pregnant women. According to serum TSH and FT 4 levels, pregnant women were divided into the euthyroidism group and subclinical hypothyroidism group(referred to as hypothyroidism). Urine iodine arsenic-cerium catalytic spectrophotometry was used to detect the urine iodine level of pregnant women. The correlation between urinary iodine levels and thyroid function indexes of the two groups of pregnant women was analyzed, and single factor and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of hypothyroidism. Results:There were 798 pregnant women in the euthyroidism group and 28 pregnant women in the hypothyroidism group. The hypothyroidism detection rate was 3.39% (28/826). In the euthyroidism group and hypothyroidism group, 43.73% (349/798) and 46.43% (13/28) of pregnant women had urine iodine levels < 150 μg/L, respectively. There was no correlation between urine iodine level and serum TSH ( r = 0.038, P > 0.05), and a positive correlation with serum FT 4 ( r = 0.077, P < 0.05). The differences between the euthyroidism group and the hypothyroidism group in the median (interquartile range) of TPOAb and TgAb were statistically significant ( Z = - 3.986, - 3.411, P < 0.05). After logistic regression analysis, TPOAb was a risk factor for hypothyroidism ( OR = 3.428, 95% CI: 1.131 - 10.388). Conclusions:Urine iodine and thyroid autoantibodies should be screened as routine examination items before or during pregnancy. Correct iodine deficiency in time, avoid blindly excessive iodine supplement, and reduce the occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnant women, so as to reduce the adverse effects on mothers and their offspring.

Objective To explore the relationship between gene mutation of JAK2 V617F, JAK2 (exon12), CALR, MPL and clinical features of patients with bcr-abl negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), and to analyze the risk factors of thrombosis. Methods Clinical features and laboratory tests of 115 patients with bcr-abl negative MPN were analyzed retrospectively. 34 patients with thrombosis were treated as the observation group, and 81 patients without thrombosis were treated as the control group. Results Among 71 primary thrombocythemia cases, the white blood cell count (WBC) and hemoglobin level of JAK2 V617F positive group and CALR positive group was higher than that of 4 gene mutations in negative group (F= 5.835, P= 0.005; F= 3.405, P= 0.039). The incidence of splenomegaly in JAK2 V617F positive group and CALR positive group was higher than that of 4 gene mutations in negative group (χ2=16.902, P=0.0002; χ2= 12.658, P= 0.001). The patients'proportion of JAK2 V617F positive, high hemoglobin level (male ≥160 g/L, female ≥150 g/L), hypertension and over 60 years old in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (χ2= 5.585, P= 0.025; χ2= 4.909, P= 0.043; χ2= 8.891, P= 0.004; χ2=15.933, P=0.023). Conclusion The detection of JAK2 V617F, JAK2 (exon12), CALR and MPL gene mutations is helpful to the diagnosis of bcr-abl negative MPN; JAK2 V617F positive, high hemoglobin level, hypertension, and elderly age are risk factors of thrombosis.

Objective To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism at G-395A site of the Klotho (KL) gene and to analyze its correlation with the coronary heart disease(CHD) and serum Cystatin C(Cys C) level in the elderly Chinese Han population in central China.Methods A case-control study was conducted in 278 elderly Chinese Han population in this department,who were divided into CHD group(138 cases)and control group(140 cases) according to bear angiography coronary or not.G-395A polymorphism of KL gene was determined by TaqMan Gene probe method,and the relationship between G-395A polymorphism and coronary heart disease and serum Cys-C level was analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the frequency of GG genotype of G-395A in CHD group was significantly higher,and the frequency of AA genotype and AG genotype was not statistically significant.The levels of Cys-C in the GG genotype were higher than those in the AA and AG genotypes both in the control group and coronary heart disease group.Conclusion In the elderly Han population in central China,the risk of suffering coronary heart disease is higher among the GG genotype of the G-395A locus of the KL gene.KL gene G-395A site gene mutation may affect the development of atherosclerosis by affecting blood Cys-C levels.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of disseminated cryptococcosis in children.Methods The data of disseminated cryptococcosis inpatients were reviewed retrospectively at Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University,from January 2002 to September 2014.The demographic data,clinical manifestations,laboratory findings,imaging,antifungal treatments and outcomes of all the patients were analyzed.Results Overall 25 children with disseminated cryptococcosis were enrolled including 17 boys(68.0％).The average age was 7 years old.Four cases (16.0％) had underlying conditions,among them 1 case had human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-positive.The median time to diagnosis was 32 (23-47) days,44.0％ of the patients (11 cases) were misdiagnosed,and 8 cases misdiagnosed as tuberculosis.All patients had fever.Other common clinical manifestations included cough (16 cases),headache (10 cases),vomiting (10 cases),altered mental status (6 cases) and stomachache (6 cases).Respiratory system involvement was seen in all cases,central nervous system was involved in 18 cases,other organ involvement included lymph nodes,spleen,liver,kidney,skin,skeleton and costicartilage.Amphotericin B (AmB) + Fluconazole (Flu) ± 5-flucytosine (5-FC) was the most common therapy (15 cases),Flu ± 5-FC for 6 cases,AmB ± 5-FC for 2 cases,Voricanazole (VOR) for 1 case.Sixteen cases (66.7％) got recovery/improved on discharge,8 cases (33.3％) rejected to the advise and discharged with treatment failure,and the HIV-infected patient transferred to a special hospital.Fifteen patients (60.0％) were followed up,and 13 cases (87.0％) showed recovery,but 2 died in the long-term prognosis.Conclusions Disseminated cryptococcosis in children is more common in school-age boys.Most patients are without underlying conditions.Disseminated cryptococcosis can cause multiple organ damage.Patients with prolonged fever,cough,headache,with or without underlying diseases,can be suspected as disseminated cryptococcosis.Blood and cerebrospinal fluid culture for fungus,cryptococcal antigen should be performed for early diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:Tissue engineering provides new ideas and approaches for repair of cartilage defects.
OBJECTIVE:To develop a complete set of solutions for construction of tissue engineered cartilagein vitro, with chondrocytes as seed cels and cross-linked sodium hyaluronate as scaffold materials.
METHODS: New Zealand rabbit articular chondrocytes were isolated, counted, and then cultured and passaged to prepare cellsuspension. Toluidine blue staining, RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry were exerted to evaluate the cultured cels. Chondrocytes were seeded and co-cultured with cross-linked sodium hyaluronate scaffold for 21 days. Then, RNA was isolated for RT-PCR, and frozen sections were prepared for morphological observation and immunohistochemistry study.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The chondrocytes could adhere to the cross-linked sodium hyaluronate scaffold and aggregate, growing between fibers or adhering to the scaffold in a monolayer manner. The transcripts of cartilage specific aggrecan gene and colagen type II alpha 1 gene and cartilage specific protein colagen type II were expressed in cel-scaffold complexes to maintain the phenotype of chondrocytes. Cel-scaffold complexes co-cultured in vitro can form cartilage extracelular matrix, by which tissue engineered cartilage is expected to be obtained.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR)gene intron 1(rs179247, rs12101261)and Graves′ disease(GD)in the China Han population from Xuzhou city, Jiangsu Province. Methods Total 1 066 GD patients and 1 107 control subjects were recruited for genotyping by Taqman probe technique on Fluidigm EP1 platform. Meanwhile, serum concentrations of thyroid hormone and TSH receptor antibodies(TRAb)were determined. Results The rs179247_A, rs12101261_T were significantly associated with GD risk(OR=1.35, 95%CI 1.19-1.54, P=5.92×10-6; OR=1.32, 95%CI 1.16-1.50, P=2.22×10-5). Logistic regression identified that rs179247 was an independent susceptibility locus of GD. Serum TRAb concentration showed a significant difference(P=0.015)among rs179247_AA, AG, and GG genotypes. Conclusion rs179247 and rs12101261 in TSHR intron 1 are both associated with GD, and rs179247 may contribute risk to GD independently. The polymorphism is associated with TRAb, but not with serum concentration of thyroid hormones, age of onset, diffused thyroid goiter, ophthalmic signs, and relapse.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effects of Yiqi Sanju Formula (YQSJF), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with NAFLD were randomly divided into two groups: YQSJF-treated group (39 cases) and placebo group (28 cases). The NAFLD patients in the two groups were treated with YQSJF and placebo respectively for 3 months. Clinical symptoms, the CT ratio of liver-spleen, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS: After treatment, the clinical symptoms were improved and the levels of BMI, waist circumference, HOMA2-IR, ALT, AST, TG and TC were decreased significantly in the YQSJF-treated group (P<0.05). The CT ratio of liver-spleen in the YQSJF-treated group was increased significantly as compared with the placebo group (P<0.01).