OBJECTIVETo investigate the reversal effect of dihydromyricetin(DMY) on drug resistance of K562/A02 cells to adriamycin and explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSK562 and K562/A02 cells were treated with DMY (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L) and ADM (100-0.05 mg/L) for 48 h. The viability of K562 cells and K562/A02 cells was tested and the reversal effect of DMY on drug resistance of K562/A02 cells to adriamycin was analyzed by MTT. The relative concentration of ADM in cells was measured by flow cytometry. Protein expressions of drug resistance related genes including P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1), glutathione transferase π (GSTπ) and BCL-2 were measured by Western Blot.

RESULTSThe proliferation of K562 and K562/A02 cells was significantly decreased by DMY in dose-dependent manner as compared with control group (r1=0.37, r2=0.38). The ICof ADM on K562 and K562/A02 cells were 71.23±6.51 and 72.88±5.49 mg/L respectively. DMY (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) was low cytotoxicity. DMY (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) enhanced the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to ADM in dose-dependent manner (r1=-0.62, r2=-0.71) and the reversal multiples was from 1.38 to 28.591. The relative concentrations of ADM in K562/A02 of DMY (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) group cells were significantly increased in dose-dependent manner compared with the control group (r=0.34). Compared with the control group, the expressions of drug resistance related protein P-gp, MRP1, GSTπ and BCL-2 were significantly decreased in dose-dependent manner in DMY (5, 10 and 20 mg/L) group (r1=-0.41, r2=-0.37, r3=-0.58, r=-0.46). Compared with the ADM group, the protein expressions of drug resistance related genes P-gp, MRP1, GSTπ and BCL-2 in DMY (5, 10 and 20 mg/L)+ADM group were significantly decreased in dose-dependent manner (r1=-0.55, r2=-0.41, r3 =-0.38, r4=-0.44).

CONCLUSIONDMY enhances the sensitivity of K562/A02 cells to ADM, its mechanism may be related with decrease of P-gp, MRP1, GSTπ and BCL-2 expressions.

Objective To compare the efficacy of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) on the intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction in the treatment of ocular hypertension (OHT),early and moderate primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).Methods Non-randomized controlled study was conducted in 120 patients (120 eyes),who were divided into 3 groups according to the patients' condition,including OHT group with 40 eyes of 40 patients,early-stage POAG group (40 eyes of 40 patients) and medium-stage POAG group (40 eyes of 40 patients),aged rang from 16 to 79 years.SLT was performed on the 360° trabecular meshwork using 532 nm frequency-double Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (Selecta duet),with the pulse of 3 ns and spot diameter of 400 nm.The initial energy was 0.6 m J,which decreased at 0.1 mJ interval till champagne bubble appeared.The following-up was postoperative 1 day,1 week,1 month,3 months and 6 months,respectively,and changes in IOP before and after SLT was recorded and analyzed statistically.Resuits Postoperative IOP at different time points was significantly lower than that of preoperation in the three groups,with significant difference (all P ＜ 0.05).There was also significant difference in IOP of the each group at different time points after the operation (all P ＜ 0.05).The preoperative baseline IOP of OHT group,early-stage POAG group and medium-stage POAG group was (25.95 ± 1.80) nmHg (1 kPa =7.5 mmHg),(24.66 ± 1.55) mmHg and (25.62 ± 2.67) mmHg,respectively,approaching significant difference (P ＜0.05).After eliminating the influence of baseline IOP,intergroup differences of postoperative IOP at each time point in the three groups were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05),and intragroup differences were also significant (all P ＜ 0.05).When compared with corrected baseline IOP,the reduction of IOP was the largest in OHT group after SLT,followed by the early-stage POAG group,and the lowest was in the medium-stage POAG group.Conclusion SLT has a good effect on IOP reduction for OHT and POAG,and the treatment effect of SLT declines successively according to the severity of POAG.

ObjectiveTo explore whether miR-375 regulates the malignant characteristics of osteosarcoma (OS) by influencing the expression of MMP13. MethodsPlasmid DNAs and miRNAs were transfected into OS cells and HEK293 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure the expression of miR-375 and MMP13 in OS patients and OS cells. Western blot was performed to analyze the MMP13 protein in the patients with OS and OS cells. The targeting relationship between miR-375 and MMP13 was analyzed by luciferase assay. Migration and invasion were analysed by heal wound and transwell assays, respectively. ResultsmiR-375 expression in OS tissues was lower than that in normal tissues. The expression of MMP13 was upregulated in OS tissues. MMP13 expression was negatively correlated withmiR-375 expression in patients with OS. Migration and invasion were significantly inhibited in OS cells with the miR-375 mimic compared with OS cells with the miRNA control. MMP13 partially reversed the inhibition of migration and invasion induced by miR-375 in the OS cells. ConclusionmiR-375 attenuates migration and invasion by downregulating the expression of MMP13 in OS cells.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effect of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of neonatal pneumothorax.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 23 neonates with pneumothorax who received HFOV from January 2007 to June 2011. Of the 23 cases, 19 cases were treated by HFOV as soon as they were diagnosed with pneumothorax, and 4 cases were treated by HFOV after the occurrence of pneumothorax during conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) ventilation. Another 23 neonates with pneumothorax who received CMV in the same period were selected as controls. The HFOV group and control group were compared with respect to oxygenation index (OI) and arterial/alveolar oxygen tension ratio (a/APO(2)) before and after 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours of ventilation as well as mechanical ventilation time, gas absorption time, complication, and prognosis.

RESULTSBoth groups showed significantly decreased OI and significantly increased a/APO(2) after ventilation (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the HFOV group had significantly lower OI and significantly higher a/APO(2) after 1, 12, 24, and 48 hours of ventilation (P<0.05). Mechanical ventilation and gas absorption times were significantly shorter in the HFOV group than in the control group (P<0.05). Twenty-two cases were cured in the HFOV group and 21 in the control group. Each group included one case of ventilator-associated pneumonia that was later cured with antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONSCompared with CMV, HFOV performs better in improving the pulmonary oxygenation function of neonates with pneumothorax and can shorten both mechanical ventilation time and gas absorption time without increasing the incidence of adverse effects.

Female ; High-Frequency Ventilation ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Oxygen ; blood ; Pneumothorax ; blood ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies

Animals ; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides ; physiology ; Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Cation Transport Proteins ; physiology ; Ceruloplasmin ; physiology ; Female ; Ferritins ; physiology ; Hemochromatosis Protein ; Hepcidins ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; physiology ; Humans ; Iron ; metabolism ; Iron-Regulatory Proteins ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; physiology ; Placenta ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Transferrin ; physiology

Objective: To evaluate the composite external fixation in the treatment of children with fracture of lower extremity metaphysis. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 42 children with fracture of lower extremity metaphysis who had been admitted to Zhengda Shaoyang Orthopaedic Hospital between September 2016 and September 2018. They were 24 boys and 18 girls, aged from 3 to 14 years (mean, 8.3 years). Open injury occurred in 10 cases, with type Ⅰ in 2, type Ⅱ in 7 and type Ⅲ in one according to the Gustilo-Anderson classification, and closed injury in the other 32 ones. The fracture happened at distal femur in 12, at proximal tibia in 9 and at distal tibia in 21 cases. All the patients were fixated with composite external brackets. Fracture healing, functional recovery of the knee and ankle joints, and complications were recorded. Results: All the 42 patients were followed up for 12 to 18 months (mean, 15.8 months). All fractures healed well by the first intention with no malunion or no alignment change on the full length X-ray films of both lower limbs. Irritant growth within 1.5 cm was observed in 2 cases. No loosening occurred in the external fixation which was removed 3 to 5 months after surgery (mean, 3.8 months). Functional recovery of the knee and ankle joints was good at the last follow-up. For the patients with distal femoral metaphysis fracture, the knee function by the Merchan scoring was excellent in 3 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in one and poor in one; for the patients with proximal tibial metaphysis fracture, the knee function by the Merchan scoring was excellent in 3, good in 4 and fair in 2 cases; for the patients with distal tibial metaphysis fracture, the ankle function by the Kofoed scoring was excellent in 11, good in 7 and fair in 3 cases, giving an excellent and good rate of 83.3%. Of a total of 228 needle channels in the 42 patients, 58 were infected mildly or moderately, giving an infection rate of 25.4%. All the infections responded to active dressing change. Conclusion The composite external fixation brackets are a good choice for the treatment of children with fracture of lower extremity metaphysis, because they are easy in manipulation and stable in configuration, and can reduce the iatrogenic injury to the epiphyseal plate, spare cross-articular fixation and allow early functional exercise.

This study aimed to explore the effects of Gynostemma pentaphyllum saponins(GPs) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) induced by high-fat diet in rats and reveal the underlying mechanism. The NAFLD model rats were prepared with high-fat diet. Forty male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were randomly assigned into the control group, model group, and low-, moderate-, and high-dose GPs(50, 100, and 150 mg·kg~(-1), respectively) groups. After intragastric administration for 8 continuous weeks, we determined the body weight, liver weight, the levels of total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) in serum, and the levels of TC, TG, malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), and interleukin 6(IL-6) in the liver. Furthermore, we observed the pathological changes of liver tissue by oil red O staining and hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining, sequenced the 16 S rRNA of the intestinal flora in rat feces, and determined the content of short-chain fatty acids in rat feces. The results showed that GPs inhibited the excessive weight gain of high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats, reduced the liver weight, lowered the TC, TG, LDL-c, AST, and ALT levels in serum(P<0.05), and rose the HDL-c level in serum(P<0.01). GPs relieved the liver damage caused by high-fat diet, mainly manifested by the lowered levels of TC, TG, MDA, and IL-6 in the liver(P<0.01) and elevated levels of CAT and SOD in the liver. Furthermore, GPs reversed the intestinal flora disorder caused by high-fat diet, restored the diversity of intestinal flora, increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, and reduced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides. Moreover, GPs promoted the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and Parabacteroides, and inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria such as Desulfovibrio, Escherichia-Shigella, and Helicobacter. GPs increased the content of short-chain fatty acids(acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid)(P<0.01). These findings indicate that GPs can alleviate the high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in rats via regulating the intestinal flora and short-chain fatty acid metabolism.
Alanine Transaminase/metabolism* ; Animals ; Cholesterol, LDL/pharmacology* ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Gynostemma ; Interleukin-6/metabolism* ; Liver ; Male ; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins/pharmacology* ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Polygonatum odoratum polysaccharides (POP) on alcohol-induced injury of HepG2 cells and its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods: After screening the appropriate concentration of alcohol-treated HepG2 cells and the intervention concentration of POP by MTT method, HepG2 cells were divided into three groups according to different intervention concentrations (200 μg/L, 400 μg/L and 600 μg/L) of POP, and the blank group without POP. After pretreated for 1 h, HepG2 cells were treated with 4% alcohol for 24 h. The activities of intracellular alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, and the levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF- α) were measured. The protein expressions of Kelch-like epichlorohydrin-associated protein-1 (Keap1), phosphorylated nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (p-Nrf2), phosphoamide adenine dinucleotide quinone oxidoreductase -1 (NQO1), B lymphocyte tumor-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase 3 were detected. Results: Compared with the HepG2 cells treated with 4% alcohol, POP at the various concentrations could effectively down-regulate the activities of ALT and AST in HepG2 cells induced by alcohol (P＜0.05). The levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in the 200 μg/L POP treated group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the level of GSH was increased significantly (P＜0.01). The levels of ROS, MDA, IL-1β and TNF-α in the 400 μg/L and 600 μg/L POP treated groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), while the GSH level was increased significantly (P＜0.01). POP effectively up-regulated the expressions of p-Nrf2 and NQO1 protein in HepG2 cells induced by alcohol, and also down-regulated the Bax/Bcl-2 index (P＜0.05), and inhibited the protein expressions of Keap1 and cleaved-caspase-3 (P＜0.05). Conclusion: POP can improve alcohol-induced oxidative stress injury in HepG2 cells by regulating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway, thereby reducing the inflammatory index and apoptosis level of HepG2 cells. Among them, 400 μg/L and 600 μg/L POP have better intervention effects.
Ethanol ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1/metabolism* ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism* ; Polygonatum/metabolism* ; Polysaccharides/pharmacology* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism*

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of intubation-surfactant-extubation (INSURE) method in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS), and to investigate its possible mechanisms.

METHODSSixty-four premature infants, who were admitted for NRDS and treated with pulmonary surfactant from March 2010 to March 2012, were enrolled in the study. They were randomly divided into INSURE (n=32) and conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) groups (n=32). The two groups were compared in terms of respiratory function, ventilation time, duration of oxygen therapy, complications, and prognosis, as well as expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and serum ferritin (SF).

RESULTSOxygenation index in the INSURE group was significantly higher than in the CMV group at 48 hours after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the CMV group, the INSURE group showed significantly lower incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and significantly shorter duration of oxygen therapy (P<0.05 for all comparisons). There were no significant differences in ventilation time and the incidence of pneumothorax, intracranial hemorrhage, necrotizing enteroolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pneumorrhagia between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of TNF-α and SF were significantly lower in the INSURE group than in the CMV group at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment (P<0.05), while the level of IL-10 was significantly higher in the INSURE group than in the CMV group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSINSURE method can improve the oxygenation function of the lung, decrease the incidence of VAP and shorten the duration of oxygen therapy in neonates with NRDS, which is probably due to the fact that this method can reduce the production of TNF-α and SF and inhibit the decrease of IL-10.

Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Female ; Ferritins ; blood ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Male ; Respiration, Artificial ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; blood ; therapy ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To compare the accuracy of real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography (RT-MCE) with DISA-SPECT in detecting hibernating myocardium. Methods Fourteen hospitalized patients with regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) underwent RT-MCE, DISA-SPECT, coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Every left ventricular myocardial segment image was acquired and evaluated according 16-segment model of American Society of Echocardiography. The Motion of every segment was observed by echocardiography after 1,3,6 months. The gold standard is that the motion of ventricular segment get better after PCI. The images of RT-MCE and DISA-SPECT were analyzed semi-quantitatively. Results The sensitivity,specificity,accuracy of RT-MCE and DISA-SPECT in detecting hibernating myocardium were 74.60%, 91.7%, 81.3% and 93.3%, 75.0%, 86.2%, respectively. RT-MCE had more value in specificity while DISA-SPECT had more value in sensitivity. The correlation between two methods was good in detecting hibernating myocardium. Conclusions RT-MCE and DISA-SPECT can be used as valuable methods to detect hibernating myocardium, the correlation between two methods is good and they have more value in specificity and sensitivity respectively.