Objective To assess the feasibility of intracavitary drainage using three equally-sized double pigtail stents in the treatment of ureteral stricture. Methods Placement of three identical double pigtail stents in ureters for indwelling for 10～12 weeks was carried out in 27 cases of ureteral stricture from March 2000 to June 2003. Results The patients were followed for 2～24 months, with a mean of 18 months. No lumbar distending pain or fever occurred after the removal of the drainage in 26 cases, with the IVP examination indicating patency drainage and no ureteral stricture. Re-examination of IVP 6 months after the surgery found no improvement of hydronephrosis in 1 case. The overall success rate was 96% (26/27). Conclusions Intracavitary drainage using three equally-sized double pigtail stents in the treatment of ureteral stricture is feasible.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of three injections fat soluble drugs to dissolve fat.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 5％ phosphatidyl choline (PC),4.5％ deoxycholate salts (DC) and lipostabil,respectively; thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to measure the different fat cell proliferation activity,the enzyme assay to measure liquid triglyceride (TG) content in culture media and to evaluate the degree of dissolution of the fat cells.16 Hartley white guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups:shoulder (group a),scapular region (group b),hips (group c),and back (control group) were injected with fat soluble drug 0.5 ml in different parts of the guinea pig fat layer,and at different time points tissues were cut for pathological analysis.Results The proliferative activity of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were significantly decreased after treatment with three types of fat soluble drugs compared with control group (P＜0.05),and their effects on dissolution of fat cells were also significant:the contents were 5％ PC (4.14±0.92)mmol/L,4.5％ DC (3.91 ±0.67) mmol/L,and lipostabil (4.23± 0.76) mmol/L,respectively,which were significantly higher than that of the control (1.91±0.12) mmol/L (P＜0.05); guinea pigs in vivo showed that the three types of fat soluble drugs on dissolving adipose tissue at the injection site had varying degrees of swelling,lymphocytic infiltration,and fat cell degeneration,fusion and decrease in number.Conclusions Three fat soluble injections could dissolve the fat cells in some degree,in whichi lipostabil is stronger than other fat soluble drugs,but their effect on adipose tissue is nonspecific,and therefore clinical application of those fat soluble drugs should be in high caution.

Objective To investigate the application value of urine microalbumin (mALB) ,retinol binding protein(RBP) and cys-tatin C(CysC) and their combined detection in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy(DN) .Methods Ninety-two inpatients with DN (DN group) and 90 people undergoing the physical examination(control group) in our hospital from June 2014 to Decem-ber 2015 were collected .Urine mALB ,RBP and CysC were detected in all subjects and detection results were analyzed statistically . Results The levels of urine mALB ,RBP and CysC in the DN group were significantly higher than those in the control group ,the differences all had statistical significance (P< 0 .05) .Among 3 indicators ,the positive rate of urine mALB for detecting DN was highest (94 .57% ) ,while which of 3-index combined detection was 97 .83% ,and significantly higher than that of single detection , the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .The sensitivity ,specificity ,positive predictive value ,negative predictive value and Youden index of 3-index combined detection were all higher than those of single index .The ROC curve showed that AUC of u-rine mALB for diagnosing DN was 0 .732 ,the diagnostic cut-off value was 43 .58 mg/L ,AUC of urine RBP was 0 .685 ,the diagnos-tic cut-off value was 1 .47 mg/mL ,AUC of urine CysC was 0 .701 ,the diagnostic cut-off value was 1 .42 mg/L ,while AUC of com-bined detection was 0 .928 .Conclusion Urine mALB ,RBP and CysC are better indexes reflecting renal injury .Their combined de-tection will increase the positive rate ,sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing DN .So monitoring the levels of urine mALB ,RBP and CysC has an important significance to diagnosing the occurrence and development of DN early renal injury and prevention ,treat-ment and delaying progress of DN .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy,safety and side effects of 0.5% povidone-iodine in intravesical treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). Methods Thirty-three cases of IC were divided randomly into group A (18 cases) and group B (15 cases). Group A was treated by intravesical instillation with 50 ml of 0.5% povidone-iodine which was kept in the bladder for 2 hours,once a day for 2 weeks. Group B was treated in the same way,but with 1:5000 furacilin instead. The symptoms,results of cystoscope inspect and adverse effects were investigated. Results All cases were followed up from 8 to 22 months (in average of 18 months). There was significant difference in the scores of clinical symptoms after treatment between two groups (P

Objective To evaluate the effect of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) on parotid function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC). Methods Eighty-three NPC patients received prima-ry IMRT between 2001 and 2003. Xerostomia before radiotherapy, at the end of radiotherapy, at 6-month, 1-,2-,3-,4- and 5-year after radiotherapy were investigated, respectively. The relation between xerostomia and parotid dose distribution was analyzed. Results Of all the patients,4,31,31 and 17 had stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and ⅣA disease, respectively. Sixteen patients received chemo-radiotherapy. The median followed-up time was 65 months. The 5-year local control and regional control rate were 96% and 95% ,respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate was 80%. The mild xerostomia rate at the seven time points was 42%, 51%, 71%, 77%, 58%, 38% and 26%. The corresponding moderate xerostomia rate was 52%, 53%, 21%,8%, 3%, 2% and 2%, respectively. No serious xerostomia was observed. The mean dose of the bilateral parotid glands was 34.34 Gy. Xerostomia at 6-month after radiotherapy was positively correlated with the mean dose of the parotid glands, and D50 was the independent factor in predicting the xerostomia. Parotid function was well protected when the mean dose and D50 were no more than 33 Gy and 29 Gy,respectively. Conclusions IMRT can improve the local-regional control of NPC and protect the parotid glands from radiation-induced in-jury.

Objective To evaluate the value of L-(methyl-11C)-labeled methionine positron emissions tomography (MET PET) and MRI in target volume delineation for postoperative radiotherapy for brain high grade glioma (HGG).Methods Thirty-seven patients with supratentorial HGG were included.Both MRI and MET PET scan were performed in the same treatment position for all patients.The consistency to determine residual tumor between MRI and MET PET was analyzed.Imaging data of MET PET and MRI were coregistered using the BrainLAB image fusion software.The extension of the volume with high uptake (VMET) on MET PET were compared quantitately with the enhancing area on MRI T1W gadolinium enhancement (VGd) and the hyperintensity area on MRI T2W (VT2).Results Both MET PET and MRI were positive for 19 patients and negative for 7 patients.The consistency between these two scans was 70.3%.MET PET was integrated with MRI in 30 patients with positive MET uptake.VMET were partially or entirely outside VGd in 29 patients and VT2 in 17 patients, whereas VGd and VT2 were partially or entirely outside VMET in all patients.The maximal distance from the margin of VMET to VGd was ≥ 2.0 cm in 50%patients and the corresponding distance of VMET to VT2 was ≥ 1.0 cm in 33% patients.Conclusions The differences are existing between MET PET and MRI in determination and identification of the location and extension of residual tumor for patients with HGG.The integration of MET PET and MRI can accurately delineate radiation target volume.

ObjectiveTo study the expression changes of peripheral blood monocyte human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) in patients with severe craniocerebral injury,and investigate the correlation between HLA-DR expression and infection and prognosis.MethodsNinety patients with craniocerebral injury were selected as experimental group and were divided according to the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score after hospitalization into experimental group 1 (GCS score 13-15 scores ),experimental group 2 (GCS score 9-12 scores) and experimental group 3 (GCS score 3-8 scores) with 30 patients each,which were moderate,medium,severe craniocerebral injury,respectively.Thirty healthy people were chosen at the same period as control group.The HLA-DR expression of experimental group was detected after 1,3,7 and 14 d of admission by flow cytometry,and the HLA-DR expression of control group was detected on the day they got physical examination.The rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality were counted after 30 d of admission.ResultsThe HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 1,3,7,14 d of admission were (28.11 ± 2.37),(26.45 ± 1.63),(27.75 ± 1.83),(27.15 ± 2.17) MCF and (29.34 ±2.07),(27.55 ± 1.63),(28.42 ± 1.94),(29.46 ±2.12) MCF,which had no statistical difference compared with that in control group [(29.18 ± 1.91 ) MCF](P＞ 0.05).The HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 1,3,7 d of admission and control group had statistical differences compared with those in experimental group 3 after 1,3,7 d of admission [(18.02 ± 1.78),(16.05 ± 1.97 ),(20.76 ± 1.65) MCF ] (P ＜ 0.05).The HLA-DR expressions in experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 after 14 d of admission and control group had no statistical significance compared with that in experimental group 3 after 14 d of admission [ (26.13 ± 2.15) MCF](P＞ 0.05).The infection rates of experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 were 0,3.6％(1/28),82.8％(24/29),respectively,while the cure rates were 100.0％ (30/30),100.0％ (28/28),10.3％ (3/29),the disability rates were 0,0,41.4％ (12/29),the vegetative state rates were 0,0,20.7％ (6/29),and the mortality were 0,0,27.6％ (8/29).There was no statistical significance in the rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality between experimental group 1 and experimental group 2 (P＞ 0.05 ).While there was statistical differences in the rates of infection,cure,disability,vegetative state and mortality among experimental group 1,experimental group 2 and experimental group 3 (P ＜ 0.05).ConclusionsThe HLA-DR expression changes of patients with moderate and medium craniocerebral injury after 1,3,7,14 d of admission are not significant.The HLA-DR expression of patients with severe craniocerebral injury begins to decline from 1 d after injury,declines obviously at 3 d,increases from 7 d,returns to normal level at 14 d.The decline of HLA-DR expression in patients with severe craniocerebral injury is correlated with the infection,and predicts poor prognosis.

Objective To research the expression of Neuritin in gastric cancer .and the relationship between the expression of Neuritin with the occurrence and development of gastric cancer .Methods Collected 58 surgical specimens of gastric cancer from 2010 to 2013 in the first affiliated hospital of Shihezi University ,immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of Neu-ritin in gastric cancer and normal tissues near the cancer of the stomach .Results Immunohistochemical staining showed that Neu-ritin was moderately or highly expressed in 96 .55% (56/58) of gastric cancer ,and Neuritin was moderately or highly expressed in 94 .83% (55/58) of normal tissues near the cancer .There was no statistically significantly difference between two groups (P>0 .05);Neuritin was highly expressed in 82 .76% (48/58) of gastric cancer ,and Neuritin was highly expressed in 15 .52% (9/58) of normal tissues near the cancer ,differences between the two groups had statistically significantly (P<0 .05) .Expression of Neuritin was not correlated with gender ,age ,TNM stage ,infiltration depth ,lymph node metastasis ,differentiated degree ,the pathologic type or distant metastasis(P> 0 .05) .Conclusion The Neuritin expression level between gastric cancer and normal tissues near the cancer exist differences .There is overexpression of neuritin in gastric cancer .

Objective To explore the clinic application value of ultrasonography examination of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD) in brain injury.Methods From July 2008-June 2011,90 cases of brain injured patients were chosen as experimental group including light (A group),medium (B group),and heavy (C group) brain injured patients according to the admission GCS score ;50 cases of conventional physical examination and 90 cases of volunteers 50 in neurosurgical outpatient were chosen as control group.The ONSD of both groups were measured 3 mm behind the globe through orbital using color sonographic with different time after admission.3 times measurements were carried out for every optic nerve sheath.All client's ONSD mean and standard deviation were calculated.In 0.5 h after color dopplar ultrasound examination,lumbar vertebra puncturing measured intracranial pressure in different groups.Results After admission (1d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the ONSD of A group was (4.54 ±0.32)mm,(4.42 ±0.30)mm,(4.44 ±0.32) m,and (4.43 ± 0.25) mm,respectively; The ONSD of B groups was (4.48 ± 0.28) mm,(4.52 ± 0.24) mm,(4.46 ±0.28)mm,and (4.38 ±0.22)mm,respectively; The ONSD of C group was (5.67 ±0.35)mm,(6.36 ± 0.42) mm,(5.65 ± 0.23) mm,and (4.76 ± 0.35) mm,respectively.After admission (1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d),the intracranial pressure (IP) of A group was (82 ± 11) mmH2O,(79 ± 12) mmH2O,(90 ±15) mmH2O,and (86 ± 14) mmH2O,respectively; The IP of B group was (78 ± 15) mmH2O,(85 ± 10)mmH2O,(78 ± 16) mmH2O,(80 ± 11) mmH2O,The IP of C group was (225 ± 26) mmH2 O,(288 ± 23)mmH2O,(256 ± 23) mmH2O,(122 ± 18) mmH2O,respectively.Group D had the ONSD average of (4.58± 0.41)mm and IP of (88 ± 10)mmH2O after eyeball 3-mm place.No difference was found between A and B,A and D,or B and D (P＞0.05) ; A difference was found between A and C,B and C,or D and C (t =12.24～24.67,P＜0.01).Conclusions The ONSD and IP in light medium brain injured patients had no change.In patients with severe brain injury,IP changed with the time after injury,the ONSD increased with the IP,the ultrasonography examination of ONSD with the important value in the diagnosis and treatment can respond the IP increase,which is a non-invasion,convenient,fast,and feasible method for evaluation of cranial high pressure.

Objective To investigate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Methods From February 2001 to December 2006, 419 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Cancer Center of Sun yatsen University received IMRT. The number of patients with stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ disease was 28, 113, 202 and 76, respectively. In all, 182 and 237 patients received radiotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy. The prescription doses were as follows:66-70 Gy/25 -30 f to GTV_(nx), 60 -64 Gy/25 -30 f to GTV_(nd), 55 -62 Gy/25 -30 f to CTV_1, and 42 -54 Gy/25 -30 f to CTV_2. Results The median follow-up time was 49 months (6 -94 months). The number of patients with follow-up of 1-, 3-, and 5-year were 419,360 and 166, respectively. Twenty-one, 13 and 57 patients had local recurrence, regional recurrence and distant metastasis, respectively. The 5-year local control (LC) rate, regional control (RC) rate and free from distant metastasis survival rate was 92.7%, 95.8% and 85.5%, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) was 76. 3% and 84.4%, respectively. In univariate analysis, T stage, primary tumor volume, N stage and volume of cervical nodes before treatment were significant predictors of DFS and DSS, favoring the patients with early T stage (84. 1% vs. 67.6% ,Χ~2 = 12. 16, P = 0. 000 : 92. 1% vs. 75. 1% ,Χ~2 = 14. 86 . P = 0. 000) , primary tumor volume less than 20 cm~3 (89. 1% vs. 62. 9% ,Χ~2 =14. 13,P=0.000;96.2% vs. 72. 1% ,Χ~2 =38. 76,P=0.000), early N stage (81.1% vs. 64. 5%, Χ~2 = 15.49, P = 0. 000; 87. 8% vs. 76. 1%, Χ~2 = 10. 89, P = 0. 001) and volume of cervical nodes less than 5 cm~3 (83. 3% vs. 68. 8%, Χ~2 = 14. 13, P = 0. 000 ; 90. 0% vs. 78. 1%, Χ~2 = 10. 71 ,P =0. 001). Multivariate analysis showed that primary tumor volume (Χ~2 = 26. 81, P = 0. 000 and Χ~2 = 28. 47, P = 0. 000) and N stage (Χ~2 = 4. 92, P = 0. 026 and Χ~2 = 9.50, P = 0. 002) were independent predictive factors for both DFS and DSS. No grade 4 acute and late toxicities were observed. In 243 patients with follow-up time more than 3 years, only 2. 8% suffered from grade 3 late toxicifies. Conclusions IMRT with or without chemotherapy can improve the long-term survival of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, especially in LC and RC. Distant metastasis becomes the main treatment failure. Primary tumor volume and N stage are significant prognostic factors. Acute and late toxicities are acceptable.