To investigate the effect and mechanism of psoralen on calvarial osteoblasts injuries caused by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles in vitro. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvaria of neonatal SD rat by the series of digestion and were identified with ALP staining. Calvarial osteoblasts were treated with TCP wear particles for 48 h to establish the in vitro model of osteoblasts injuries. The rat osteoblasts were randomly divided into control group, TCP wear particles (0.1 mg/ml) group, psoralen treated (at the concentrations of 10, 10, 10 mol/L) groups. WST assay and the flow cytometry were used to detect the cell viability of osteoblasts and apoptosis, respectively. Chemical colorimetry was performed to examine ALP activity of osteobalsts. When the osteoblasts were treated for 14 day, mineral nodules formation was observed with alizarin red S staining. Western blot was applied to examine protein expressions of glucose regulated protein78/94(GRP78/94), inositol dependent enzyme 1 alpha (IREα), spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) and phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in calvarial osteoblasts. Compared with control group, the cell viability of osteoblasts, ALP activity and mineral nodules formation in TCP group were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), while the percentage of apoptosis and protein expressions of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were obviously increased in calvarial osteoblasts (P＜0.05). Compared with TCP group, the injuries of calvarial osteoblasts and cell apoptosis in psoralen treated groups were obviously decreased (P＜0.05), and the expression levels of GRP78/94, IRE1α, XBP1 and p-JNK were down-regulated remarkably (P＜0.05). Psoralen prevents osteoblasts injuries caused by TCP wear particles through IRE1α-XBP1s-JNK signaling pathway activation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects and molecular mechanisms of 2-12alkyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione(DMDD) on diffuse large B lymphoma (DLBCL). METHODS: In animal experiments, 4-week-aged BALB/C mice were divided into 5 groups, 20 mice in each group. Mice were inguinal injected with DLBCL cell line OCI-LY19 cells 0.1 ml at the concention of 1 × 10 /ml. Two days later, mice were treated with DMDD at the doses of 0, 1, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg by intragastric administration respectively, once /2 days. Ten mice of each group were killed on the 18th day of administration, and the tumor tissues were weighed. The survival time of the remaining mice were recorded. In cell experiments, OCI-LY19 cells were added to 96-well culture plates, 100 μl 1×10 cells/ml per well, then 100 μl DMDD was added to the well and the final concentrations were 0, 1, 5, 25 and 125 μmol/L respectively. The cells were treated with DMDD for 0, 24, 48 and 72 h, three wells in each group. The cell proliferation activity was detected by MTS assay. According to the results of cell proliferation experiments, OCI-LY19 cells were treated with DMDD at the concentrations of 0 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L and 25 μmol/L for 24 h. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow cytometry, the nuclear type was observed by hoechst staining, the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed by JC-1 staining, cytotoxicity of drugs was evaluated by LDH release experiment, gene expression and transcription were analyzed by qPCR and Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with 0 mg/kg drug group, DMDD at the dose of 1～125 mg/kg could inhibit the growth of tumor tissue in mice and prolong their survival time (P＜0.01). Cell experiments showed: in DMDD group, the proliferation activity of OCI-LY19 cells was decreased significantly and the level of apoptosis was increased significantly (P＜0.01), nuclear fragmentation, agglutination, apoptotic bodies occurred and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased, the LDH release rate was increased significantly (P＜0.01), the expressions of caspase-3 and bax genes and the phosphorylation level of Ikappa B alpha in cells were up-regulated significantly, the protein expression levels of bcl-2, bcl-xL, jak2 and stat3 were inhibited significantly (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION DMDD can inhibit the expressions of JAK2, STAT3 and p-Ikappa B alpha in JAK2/STAT3 and NF-kappa B signal pathways, down-regulate BCL-2/BAX and activate Caspase-3, finally, activate the endogenous pathway of mitochondrial apoptosis in OCI-LY19 cells and promote the apoptosis of DLBCL cells, inhibit proliferation of OCI-LY19 cells. It has inhibitive effects on DLBCL.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Cyclohexenes ; pharmacology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effects of procyanidin on periprosthetic osteolysis caused by tricalcium phosphate (TCP) wear particles in the mouse calvaria and its mechanism. METHODS: Forty-eight male ICR mice were randomly divided into sham group, TCP group, and procyanidin (0.2 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg)-treated group (n=12). A periprosthetic osteolysis model in the mouse calvaria was established by implanting 30 mg of TCP wear particles onto the surface of bilateral parietal bones following removal of the periosteum. On the 2 day post-operation, procyanidin (1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg) was locally injected to the calvaria under the periosteum every other day. After 2 weeks, all the mice were sacrificed to collect the blood samples and the calvaria. Periprosthetic osteolysis and osteoclastogenesis in the mouse calvaria were observed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and HE staining. mRNA levels of TRAP, capthesin K, c-Fos and NFATc1 in the periprosthestic bone tissue were examined by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Serum contents of total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) and MDA, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were determined by chemical colorimetry. Protein expressions of autophagic biomarkers such as Beclin-1 and LC-3 in periprosthetic bone tissue of the calvaria were examined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, periprosthetic osteolysis, osteoclastogenesis, mRNA levels of TRAP, capthesin K, c-Fos and NFATc1, and serum MDA content were increased significantly in the TCP group (P＜0.05), whereas serum T-AOC level and SOD activity were decreased. The protein expressions of Beclin-1 and LC-3, and the conversion of LC3-II from LC3-I were both up-regulated markedly in the mouse calvaria of TCP group (P＜0.05). Compared with TCP group, osteolysis, osteoclastogenesis, mRNA levels of TRAP, capthesin K, c-Fos and NFATc1 and serum MDA content were decreased obviously in the procyanidine group (P＜0.05), serum T-AOC level and SOD activity were increased, the expressions of Beclin-1 and LC-3, and the conversion of LC3-II from LC3-I were down-regulated obviously in the mouse calvaria of procyanidin group (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION Procyanidin has a protective effect of periprosthetic osteolysis caused by TCP wear particles in the mouse calvaia, its mechanism may be mediated by inhibition of oxidative stress and autophagy.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Biflavonoids ; pharmacology ; Calcium Phosphates ; adverse effects ; Catechin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Osteolysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Proanthocyanidins ; pharmacology ; Prostheses and Implants ; adverse effects ; Random Allocation ; Skull

0.05).CONCLUSION:Single oral dose of atenolol had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of nitrendipine.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and synaptophysin(SYN) proteins in different developmental stages of human embryonic esophagus.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of NSE and SYN proteins in embryonic esophagus tissues of fetuses of 2, 3 and 4 month gestational age (n=16). One-way ANOVA and LSD-t test were employed to compare the staining intensity and number of positive expression cells in embryonic esophageal tissues of different gestational age.

RESULTSIn fetuses with 2, 3 and 4 months of gestation, the number of NSE-positive nerve cells in the myenteric nerve plexus and submucosa of human embryonic esophageal tissues were 18.38 ± 8.37, 25.00 ± 11.54 and 38.00 ± 15.09, respectively; the staining intensity of NSE-positive nerve cells and nerve fibers in myenteric nerve plexus and submucosa of embryonic esophageal tissues were 74.38 ± 14.93, 62.25 ± 18.59 and 56.44 ± 14.70, respectively. NSE-positive cells were detected in the esophageal epithelium only at the third month. In the fetuses at 2, 3 and 4 months of gestation, SYN in all layers of esophageal tissue were positively or strong positively expressed, especially in the myenteric plexus and submucosal plexus. The staining intensity of SYN-positive cells in embryonic esophagus tissues of 2, 3 and 4 month gestation were 54.69 ± 9.34, 51.84 ± 6.10 and 46.41 ± 6.44, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSYN and NSE may be involved in the regulation of nerve system of esophageal tissues during the human embryonic development.

Esophagus ; embryology ; Female ; Fetus ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

Objective To compare the values of dynamic enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI),digital breast tomosynthesis(DBT),and digital mammography(DM)in the early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and imaging data of 65 cases with early breast cancer confirmed by surgical pathology from June 2017 to December 2018.All patients underwent breast DCE-MRI,DM and DBT before surgery.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were drawn,with the pathological results as the gold standard,to evaluate the diagnostic performance of different examination methods.The areas under ROC curves(AUCs)were compared using test.The differences among DCE-MRI,DBT and DM in detecting early breast cancer were compared using chi-square test in terms of positive rates,accuracy,sensitivity,and specificity.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to assess the accuracy of these imaging methods in detecting the size of early breast cancer.Results The AUCs of DCE-MRI,DBT,and DM based on the BI-RADS classification for early diagnosis of breast cancer were 0.910,0.832,and 0.700,respectively(=2.132,=0.001);the sensitivity of DCE-MRI,DBT,and DM for early breast cancer was 92.3%,70.8%,and 52.5%,the specificity was 65.0%,85.0%,and 79.3%,and the accuracy was 83.1%,70.8%,and 50.8%,indicating that DCE-MRI(=15.330,=0.0001) and DBT(=5.450,=0.020) had significantly higher diagnostic accuracy than DM.The measurement results of DM,DBT,and DCE-MRI were positively correlated with the pathological measurements(=0.781,=0.847,=0.946;all <0.01). Conclusions DCE-MRI and DBT have higher positive rates and accuracies than DM in detecting early breast cancer.Medical institutions where DCE-MRI is still not available can use DBT to improve the early detection of breast cancer.
Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mammography ; methods ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of oxidative stress on periprosthetic osteolysis induced by TCP wear particles in mouse calvaria and its mechanism. METHODS: Thirty-six male ICR mice were randomly divided into three groups (=12):sham group, TCP wear particles (TCP) group and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) group. Aperiprosthetic osteolysis model in mouse was established by implanting 30 mg of TCP wear particles onto the surface of bilateral parietal bones following removal of the periosteum. On the 2nd day post-operation, NAC (1.0 mg/kg) was locally injected to the calvarium under the periosteum every other day for 2 weeks. Then, all the mice were sacrificed to obtain blood and the calvaria. Periprosthetic osteolysis in the mouse calvaria was observed by tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining; serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6); total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined by ELISA and chemical colorimetry, respectively; protein levels of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), phospho-PERK (p-PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) and phospho-eIF2α (p-eIF2α) in periprosthetic bone tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with sham group, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and osteolysis area were increased obviously in TCP group (<0.05), and serum level of T-AOC and SOD activity were decreased significantly in TCP group (<0.05), GRP78 expression, the ratio of p-PERK and PERK, p-eIF2α and eIF2α in the mouse calvaria of TCP group were up-regulated markedly. Compared with TCP group, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, and osteolysis area were decreased markedly in NAC group (<0.05), serum level of T-AOC and SOD activity were increased obviously in NAC group (<0.05), and GRP78 expression, the ratio of p-PERK/PERK and p-eIF2α/eIF2α were obviously down-regulated. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of oxidative stress can prevent periprosthetic osteolysis induced by TCP wear particles, which may be mediated by inactivation of PERK/eIF2α signaling pathway.
Animals ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Osteolysis ; Oxidative Stress ; Skull ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

OBJECTIVE: To study whether tricalcium phosphate(TCP) wear particles cause injuries of periprosthetic osteocytes in the mouse calvaria, and to explain its molecular mechanism. METHODS: Thirty six-week(ICR)male mice were randomly divided into sham group, model (TCP) group and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) group. A murine calvarial model of osteolysis was established by 30 mg of TCP wear particles implantation over the periosteum around the middle suture of calvaria in mice. On the second postoperative day, the autophagy specific inhibitor 3-MA (1.0 mg/kg) was subcutaneously injected to the calvaria in the 3-MA-treated mice every other day. After 2 weeks, blood and the calvaria were obtained. Micro-CT was used to detect bone mineral density(BMD), bone volume fraction (BVF) and porosity number. HE staining and flow cytometry were performed to analyze the viability and apoptosis of periprosthetic osteocytes. The serum levels of dentin matrix protein 1(DMP-1) and sclerostin (SOST) were determined by ELISA. The proteins expressions of DMP-1, SOST, Beclin-1 and microtuble-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC-3) were detected by Western blot in the calvaria osteocytes. RESULTS: Compared with the sham group, the mice in the TCP group showed that a significant decrease in the viability of periprosthetic osteocytes, but obvious increases in number of osteocytes death and osteocytes apoptosis (<0.05), and in serum level and protein expression of SOST; significant decreases in serum level and protein expression of DMP-1 (<0.05), and remarkable up-regulation of autophagy-related factors beclin-1 and the conversion of LC3-Ⅱ from LC3-I in the calvaria osteocytes. Compared with TCP group, the mice in the 3-MA group showed that injuries of calvaria osteocytes were obviously aggravated, and osteocytes apoptosis was significantly increased (<0.05). CONCLUSIONS TCP wear particles can cause injuries of periprosthetic osteocytes via activation of apoptosis and autophagy, which promotes osteolysis around the prosthesis osteolysis and joint aseptic loosening.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Beclin-1 ; metabolism ; Bone Density ; Calcium Phosphates ; adverse effects ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; metabolism ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Osteocytes ; pathology ; Osteolysis ; Prostheses and Implants ; adverse effects ; Skull

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and nestin in gastric development in human embryos and fetuses.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of MAP-2 and nestin proteins in the gastric cardia, pyloric and gastric tissues of human embryos and fetuses during the second, third and fourth month of development.

RESULTSIn the second to fourth months of gestation, MAP-2 and nestin expressions were detected in the neural cells and neural fibers of the intermuscular nerve plexus and submucosal plexus in the gastric cardia, pyloric and gastric tissues. As the gestational age increased, the number of MAP-2- and nestin-positive cells and the expression intensity all increased in the myenteric plexus, but MAP-2 and nestin expressions were negative in the glandular and mucosal tissues of human embryonic and fetal gastric cardia, pylorus or gastric walls.

CONCLUSIONMAP-2 and nestin participate in the regulation of the development of gastric tissues in human embryos.

Fetus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intermediate Filament Proteins ; metabolism ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Nestin ; Stomach ; embryology ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the distribution pattern of the expressions neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), Pax3 and connexin 43 (Cx43) proteins in the early developing posterior horn of embryonic and fetal human spinal cord.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of nNOS, Pax3 and Cx43 proteins in the posterior horn of the spinal cord during the second, third and fourth month of human embryonic and fetal development.

RESULTSIn the second to fourth month of gestation, the expressions of nNOS and Pax3 proteins increased gradually from weak expression to strong expression in the posterior horn of the spinal cord. In the second to third month of development, Cx43 protein expression was negative in the posterior horn of the spinal cord, but positive in the myelin sheath. In the fourth month, positive Cx43 expression was detected in some of the cells in the posterior horn of the spinal cord.

CONCLUSIONnNOS, Pax3 and Cx43 proteins are closely related to the growth and development of the spinal cord in human embryos and fetuses.

Connexin 43 ; metabolism ; Embryo, Mammalian ; cytology ; metabolism ; Female ; Fetus ; cytology ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ; metabolism ; PAX3 Transcription Factor ; Paired Box Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Posterior Horn Cells ; metabolism ; Pregnancy