Objective To obtain the normal image and sectional anatomical data of the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries with MRI and plastination. Methods The optimal angles and the length of intracisternal segment of the oculomotor nerve were measured on multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) images. Meanwhile, the relationship between the nerve and the basilar artery(BA), posterior cerebral artery(PCA), superior cerebellar artery(SCA) and posterior communicating artery(PCoA) were observed from the plastination slices, the original images, MPR and maximum intensity projections (MIP) images. Results MRI revealed the similar result corresponding to the plastination section in displaying the oculomotor nerve and its related arteries. The length of the intracisternal segment of the nerve was (14 4?2 15) mm and it formed an angle of (69.68?7.15)?with the posterior plane of the brain stem. The angle between the oculomotor nerve and the median sagittal plane was (24 44?4 64)?on the left and (24.44?5.06)?on the right. Shift of the BA was more likely found in aged individuals. Most of the PCA and SCA were close to the nerve,and a few of them compressed it, as for the PCoA, only the embryonic type was close to or compressed the nerve. Conclusion MRI is an accurate imaging technique for determination of the syntopy of the oculomotor nerve to its related arteries.

The arteries of thirty human adult upper extremities, injected with red lead oxide, were treated with angiography, sectional dissection and photography. A microcomputer was used to determine the positions of the vessels and reconstruct the arterial system of the hand.The arteries of the palm are arranged in 2 or 3 layers. The area of three layers were only observed in the middle portion of the palm. The divisions of the territories of the radial and ulnar arteries are not the same in different layers. The anastomotic branches in the palmo-dorsal direction are usually observed in the third, fifth and seventh sections. There are three chief anastomotic channels between the radial and ulnar arteries in the palm, i.e. the deep palmar arch, the superficial palmar arch and a third pathway. The patterns of the blood supply in the palm and its clinical significance have also been discussed.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium alloy studies in orthopedic field have been carried out,and good biocompatibility has been reported.However magnesium alloys have not yet been researched in the intestine.OBJECTIVE: The biodegradable magnesium-zinc alloy samples are implanted around the rat cecum to investigate the biocompatibility in rat.METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into magnesium alloy group,medical titanium group and the sham-operated group.Then magnesium-zinc alloy samples with the dimension of 5 mm × 1 mm× 1 mm were embedded in the cecum incision in the magnesium alloy group.The medical titanium was embedded in the medical titanium group,and just suture in the sham-operated group.Prior to surgery and at 7,14,21 and 28 days after operation,the serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,creatinine and magnesium ion concentration were examined in each group.X-ray film on implanted region.The pathological changes in liver,kidney and cecum were examined.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant differences in serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase,creatinine and magnesium ion concentrations among each group(P > 0.05).Magnesium-zinc alloy degraded gradually during 28 days.The pathology of liver,kidney and cecum was normal.Results suggested that magnesium-zinc alloy had no obvious effect on the cecum.The degradation time to play a fixed function of time was longer than the intestinal healing time,with good biocompatibility.Magnesium-zinc alloy can be used as anastomotic nail for stomach intestine anastomat.

Objective To observe the effect of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction(XZD) for the intervention of myocardial fibrosis of coronary heart disease(CHD) patients with blood stasis syndrome,and to explore its mechanism.Methods Sixty CHD patients with blood stasis syndrome were equally randomized into XZD group and placebo group.Both of the two groups were given western basic medicine.Meanwhile,XZD group received oral use of XZD and the placebo group received oral use of decoction of Fructus Hordei Germinatus,Fructus Setariae Germinatus and Radix Glycyrrhizae additionally.Changes of serum precollagen Ⅲ(PCⅢ),laminin(LN),hyaluronic acid(HA),endothelin(ET) and nitric oxide(NO) were observed before and after treatment.Results Serum levels of PCⅢ,LN,HA and ET were decreased,and NO was increased in the two groups after treatment(P

Objective To provide morphological data for image diagnosis and mediastinal surgery planning.Methods Cross-sectional images of fresh tissues from the first Chinese visible female human data-set were reviewed and the main structures of the superior mediastinum were confirmed on a section-by-section basis.The positional rule of the main structures in various plane of superior mediastinum was found out,and a few key sectional images were selected and compared with the relative images of CT or MRI,and the relative data on the cross-sectional images were collected.Results The cross-sectional images of the first Chinese visible female human fairly displayed the aortic arch and its 3 large branches,superior vena cava,left and right brachiocephalic veins,azygos vein,pulmonary trunk,trachea,esophagus,thoracic duct and so on,as well as their relationship clearly.Conclusion The first Chinese visible female human dataset can almost provide complete and accurate data.

Objective To establish a 3D digitized visual model of the liver to provide anatomical structure for planning hepatic operations and creating accurate computer simulations of the liver.Methods Transverse sections of abdomen were chosen from the Chinese Visible Human dataset. The liver was reconstructed in three dimensions with surface rendering in combination with volume rendering reconstruction. Results Accurately segmented images of the main structures of liver were completed. The reconstructed structures could be displayed singly, in small groups or as a whole and could be continuously rotated in 3D space at different velocities. Conclusion The reconstructed liver is realistic and demonstrates the natural shape and exact position of hepatic structures. It provides an accurate model for the automated segmentation algorithmic study and a digitized anatomical model of the liver.

Objective To study the thin sectional anatomy and CT and MR imaging of ligamentous structures of foramen magnum (FM).Methods Six formalin fixed (10%) specimens including head and neck were selected, and each specimen was imaged with CT and MR. Three specimens were sectioned with frozen section technique, the others were sectioned with plastination. Ligamentous structures of FM on continuous thin sections were observed and compared with the images of CT and MRI.Results Continuous sections of 3.0 mm slice thickness for the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of FM sectioned with frozen section technique were obtained.Continuous thin sections of 1mm slice thickness for the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes of FM sectioned with plastination were obtained. The resulting sections demonstrated excellent distinction of ligamentous structures of FM (including ligamentum alare, ligamentum transversum, membrana tectoria, anterior obturator membrane of atlas, posterior obturator membrane of atlas, and anterior atlanto-axial ligament). A good overall correlation between sections and images of CT and MR was found.Conclusions In combination with CT and MRI, continuous thin sections of FM offers a better understanding of ligamentous structures of FM.

Objective To study the sectional anatomy of the cardiac septum to provide the reference for clinical imageology and surgery. Methods Sixteen normal adult hearts without organic lesions were verified macroscopically. After vascular perfusion, the specimens were embedded with gel, fixed with 5% formalin, and cryopreserved for a week, and then were sectioned with the Digital Sectioner. Results A total of 1 608 slices (thickness: 0.2 mm) of the heart were obtained. Cardiac septum and the surrounding structures were shown clearly. The demarcation of connective and muscular tissues was clear. The diameters of the cardiac apex, fossa ovalis, brawny intraventricular septum, left ventricle, right ventricle, left and right fibrous trigone were measured with Photoshop6.0. Conclusion The clear images can display tiny structures that could be measured, which could provide anatomical references clinical imageology and surgery.

Objective To build a digitized 3D model of the pulmonary venous system of Chinese people for the purpose of providing anatomic information of the pulmonary venous system for anatomic teaching,imaging diagnosis and surgical operation of pulmonary diseases. Methods The primal images from the first Chinese visible human data set of chest were converted into image sequence only cantaining the sections of pulmonary veins after manual registration and image segmentation.Then these images were imported into 3DMed software to build a 3D model of the pulmonary venous system through threshold registration algorithm. Results The three dimensional structures of the pulmonary venous system were reconstructed entirely.All reconstructed structures could be displayed individually or jointly,and could be rotated continuously on any plane.Conclusion The branches and the spacial characters of the pulmonary venous system can be clearly shown on the reconstructed 3D model.It will help anatomy teaching and provide morphological data for image diagnosis and lung operations.

Objective To study on how to remove the background in the digital images of visible human body.Methods After removing most of the background with standardized thresholds segmentation,we did identification,connection and noise-removing work against the edge around the target verge,and then the results of these two methods were combined to get the final image.Results Complex segmentation technology based on edge and thresholds effectively removed the background in the image of human body.Conclusion Compared with other segmentation algorithm,the algorithm presented here has better practical effect.