Objective To observe the dynamic changes in matrix metalloproteinase-12(MMP-12) expression during the course of development of radiation pulmonary injuries in order to get an insight of the roles played by MMP-12 during early tissue remodeling after radiation pulmonary injuries.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups(6 each): normal control group and 1,2 and 4 weeks after irradiation groups.The rats in the last three groups received irradiation of the whole lung with 20Gy of 60Co ?-ray,and they were sacrificed 1,2 and 4 weeks post irradiation.The gene expression of MMP-12 was determined by RT-PCR;the protein expression was detected by Western blot;MMP-12 activity was examined by gelatin zymography;the tissue distribution of MMP-12 was observed by immunohistochemistry;the degradation and collapse of elastin were observed after tissue elastin specific staining.Results The gene expression of MMP-12 began to increase 1 week post irradiation,then decreased at 2 weeks,and it reached its peak value at 4 weeks,while its protein expression was elevated again 2 weeks post irradiation.MMP-12 was mainly expressed in macrophages and activated fibroblasts of the alveolar septum.With the elapse of time,the lung injury aggravated gradually,with thickening of alveolar wall and septum,breakdown of the structure of alveoli,collapss of a part of the alveolar space,extensive breakdown of elastin in the basement membrane of lung,appearing as irregular fibrils distributed in the lung.Conclusion 60Co ?-ray irradiation can up-regulate the expression of gene and protein of MMP-12 significantly,implying that it may play a very important role in early remodeling process in of radiation pulmonary injuries,and initiate the process of pulmonary remodeling by degrading elastin and destroying the normal structure of basement membrane.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Qihuangyishen decoction on chronic renal failure. Methods A total of 122 patients with chronic renal failure were randomly recruited into a treatment group and a control group. On the basis of conventional therapy, the treatment group was treated with Qihuangyishen decoction while the control group was treated with coated aldehyde oxystarch. Blood routine results, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and endogenous creatinine clearance rate were observed before and after the treatment in both groups. Results The total effective rate was 82.5% and 67.8% in the treatment group and the control group respectively, the difference showing statistical significance (χ2=16.258, P＜0.01 ) , Conclusion Qihuangyishen decoction was effective in treating chronic renal failure.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of Kiss-1, Ki-67 and VEGF-C in papillary thyroid carcinoma(PTC) and thyroid follicular adenoma (FA).Methods Forty-four cases of PTC and twelve cases of FA paraffin-embedded tissues were used .Immunohistochemical staining and microscopic image analysis technique were used to analyze the expression of Kiss-1, Ki-67 and VEGF-C.Results The integrated optical density (IOD) of Kiss-1, and VEGF-C in the PTC groups was 475.56 ±126.02 and 805.29 ±226.05,respectively.The proliferation index of Ki-67 protein was (3.36 ±1.11) %and the difference between the PTC and FA groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).The IOD of the above two indices was 408.12 ±124.05 and 912.63 ±108.12 in the PTC with lymph node metastasis group , respectively, while the proliferation index of Ki -67 protein was (3.93 ±0.92) % and the difference vs the group without lymph node metastasis was significant ( P <0.05 ) .In the PTC with capsular infiltration group the IOD of above two was 425.58 ±87.38 and 891.37 ±149.36, the proliferation index of Ki -67 protein was (3.79 ±1.09) %and the difference with PTC group without capsular infiltrtion was statistically significant (P<0.05).Linear correlation analysis showed that Ki-67 and VEGF-C were with positively correlated in PTC and FA tissues (P<0.05),while Kiss-1 and Ki-67, VEGF-C were with negatively correlated in PTC and FA tissues (P<0.05).Conclusion Kiss-1, Ki-67 and VEGF-C can facilitate the differential diagnosis of PTC and FA , serving as prognostic indicators in patients with PTC .

Objective The purpose of this article is to analyze the domestic situation of co-authorship in the field of international classification of diseases using Social Network Analysis.Methods Using UCINET to do this research from the following five perspectives,namely density,degree centrality,betweenness centrality,closeness and subgroup analysis.Results The density of co-authoring network is 0.0021.The number of nodes which made up the main component accounts for 3.46％ of the total nodes.Lin Jie-zhong possesses the highest value of degree centrality,and Guo Yun-qing's value of betweenness centrality and closeness is the highest.Forty-four 2-plexes are found in all authors.Conclusions Currently,the co-authorship is not close,but to a certain extent,the authors liked Lin Jie-zhong,Liang Yao,Li Jian-wei,Fan Wei,Guo Yun-qing,Liu Ai-min and so on constitute the core members or leaders.From the overall point of view,the authors in this field have not yet formed a subgroup phenomenon obviously.The structure of this co-authoring network is loose and isolated.

Objective To observe the effects of over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) on the transformation of pulmonary fibroblasts in radiation damaged rats. Methods Thirty-two male Wistar rats (weighed 250-280g) were randomly assigned into control group and 1, 2 and 4 weeks after irradiation groups (8 each). The whole lungs of rats in irradiation groups were irradiated by 60 Co ?-ray at a dose of 20Gy, and the lung specimens were harvested 1, 2 and 4 weeks after radiation. The change of MMP-12 activity was detected by gelatin zymography, the degradation and collapse of elastic fibers were observed by tissue specific staining, the "cross talking" phenomenon between alveolar type Ⅱ cells and mesenchymal cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy, the content of TGF-?1 was determined by ELISA, and the expression of ?-smooth muscle actin (?-SMA) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results MMP-12 activity began increasing 1 week after irradiation, and seemed to decrease 4 weeks after irradiation. Elastin, a part of the basement membrane of alveolar wall, began to degrade and collapse 1 week after radiation, and became worse 4 weeks after irradiation. The expressions of both TGF-?1 and ?-SMA were elevated gradually within 4 weeks after radiation. The "cross talking" phenomenon was found by electron microscopy between alveolar type Ⅱ cells and mesenchymal cells. Conclusions Increased activity of pulmonary MMP-12 has been found after radiation, which may promote the transformation of pulmonary fibroblasts by degrading elastin and ultimately initiate the pulmonary fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) gene modified placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells( PMSCs) on limb ischemia in a rabbit model.Methods The placental tissue was digested with enzyme, cultured and passaged.The PMSCs were characterized by surface marker expression.These cells were infected with adenoviral( Ad)-HGF and intramuscular injected for treatment of limb ischemia in a rabbit model.The blood supply of the limb was detected by digital subtraction angiography ( DSA ) and the vessel number was evaluated in histopathological HE staining.Results The results showed that Ad-HGF gene transduction increased the vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF ( bFGF ) and HGF expression in PMSCs. Transplantation of HGF-transduced PMSCs resulted in the increase in vessel density and improvement of blood supply in the rabbit limb ischemia model.Conclusion The therapeutic effect of HGF gene engineered PMSCs on ischemia by enhancing angiogenesis in a rabbit model is evaluated.Transplantation of PMSCs with HGF gene therapy may be a promising strategy for the treatment of ischemia diseases.

Objective To investigate the effects of salvianolate lyophilized injection(SLI) on neural functional recovery and the expression of microtubule associated protein-2(MAP2) after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in the diabetic rats.Methods Diabetes model was made by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was developed by Longa suture occluded method in the middle cerebral artery of diabetic rats.The rats were randomly divided into five groups: sham operation group, model group, SLI (21.0 mg.kg-1,10.5 mg.kg-1) treatment groups, and edaravone (6 mg.kg-1) treatment group.3 hours after ischemia,rats were respectively given normal saline or drugs followed by the injection once a day for 14 days and the neurological impairment was assessed.2 h after the last injection,the rats were decapitated and the brains were collected.The expression of MAP2 protein and mRNA in the bilateral hippocampal ischemia and infarcted area was detected with immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.Results Severe neurological dysfunction was found in diabetic rats that had been subjected to cerebral ischemic injury (1.850±0.457).A significant improvement on neurological function was found in the SLI treatment groups (1.581 ± 0.314, 1.345 ± 0.425) compared with model group(P＜0.01, P＜0.05).Moreover,the expression of MAP2 in ischemia bilateral hippocampal CA1 and penumbra was represented by the average optical density value respectively (0.743±0.250,0.561± 0.224).In the hippocampal CA1 region, the number of MAP2-positive cells (0.781 ± 0.420 , 0.851 ± 0.136) in the treatment group showed significant increase than those in model group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05).In the ischemic penumbra region,the number of MAP2-positive cells (0.753±0.235,1.203±0.326) in the treatment group showed significant increase than those in model group (P＜0.01, P＜0.05).Conclusion The SLI can promote the post-injury neurocognitive function in diabetic rats.The increase of MAP2 expression may be involved in the mechanisms.

Objective To explore the curative effect of ulinastatin against toxic acute kidney injury(AKI) in rats and its mecha-nism .Methods Twenty-four male SD(Sprague Dawley) rats were randomly divided into 3 groups ,control group ,model group and treatment group with 8 rats in each group .Rats were subcutaneously injected gentamicin(300 mg/kg of body weight per day) for 3 days to establish models of toxic AKI .Rats in treatment group were intraperitoneally injected with a 7-day course of ulinastatin(30 000 U/kg of body weight per day) from 4th day .Dectetion of serum level of creatinine and Cystatin-C(Cys C) ,urinary concentra-tion of kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1 ) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL ) ,activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) ,content of malondialdehyde ,levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) and inter-leukin-1β(IL-1β) in homogenate of renal tissues as well as observation of renal pathological changes and semiquantitative score in each group were conducted on 11th day .Results In model group ,degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cell ,dilatation of renal tubular cavity and inflammatory cell infiltration in renal interstitial were observed .Renal pathological changes were milder in treatment group ,when compared with the model group .Renal pathological semiquantitative score ,serum level of creatinine and Cys C ,urinary concentration of Kim-1 and NGAL ,content of malondialdehyde ,levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in homogenate of renal tissues were higher in model group than in control group ,while those in treatment group were lower than in model group(P<0 .01 , respectively) .And activity of SOD and GSH-Px in homogenate of renal tissues were lower in model group than in control group ,and those in treatment group were higher than in model group and control group(P<0 .01 ,respectively) .Conclusion Ulinastatin pos-sesses a curative role in toxic AKI in rat via inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating levels of proinflammatory factor in renal tissues .

We analyszed 108 examination papers that were taken when the students of 8 groups had finished theexercitation. The attainment was 73.6?4.4 points. Among the 400 selective questions, the difficult questions whichwere concentrated only on a few diseases accounted for 35.3%. There was mush difference between the proportion of theselective questions and that of the demands of the teaching program in different system of diseases. There was few or noselective question in the important diseases of the teaching program. It is suggested that the proposition of difficultquestions must include the important diseases in the teaching program. The diseases that are not commonly encountereddiseases may be deleted from the teaching program, but the commonly encountered must be put in the teaching program.It is necessary to reinforce the ability of students to analyse and resolve problems[

Adjuvants, Immunologic ; therapeutic use ; Antigen-Presenting Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Phytotherapy