Objective To investigate the effect of myeloid differentiation factor 88 inhibitor ST2825 on the autophagy of THP?1 cells infected by re?combinant mycobacterium smegmatis. Methods The myeloid differentiation factor 88 inhibitor ST2825 was applied on the THP?1 cells infected by recombinant mycobacterium smegmatis,and three groups were defined:the test group with ST2825 treatment,the control group without ST2825 treatment,and the blank group. Autophagosomes were observed under the fluorescence microscope,and the mRNA expression of Beclin?1 gene and Bcl?2gene was analyzed by RT?PCR. Results Compared with the control group,the number of autophagy fluorescent dots in the test group was ob?viously reduced(P<0. 05),and the expression levels of Beclin 1 gene and Bcl?2 gene were declined as indicated by the RT?PCR detection. Con?clusion The myeloid differentiation factor 88 inhibitor ST2825 might inhibit the autophagy of THP?1 cells through interfering the separation of Be?clin?1 and Bcl?2.

Objective:To prepare sirolimus ( SRL) dropping pills to improve SRL solubility and dissolution. Methods:The base of SRL dropping pills was screened. The optimal formula and preparation process were also optimized by orthogonal design. The equi-librium solubility, hygroscopicity and drug release in vitro of SRL dropping pills were studied. Results: PEG6000 was chosen as the base. The optimal preparation conditions of SRL dropping pills were as follows: the ratio of SRL and base was 1∶10, the dropping speed was 65 drops/min, the dropping temperature was 95℃ and the temperature of cooling solvent was 5℃. The equilibrium solubili-ty of SRL dropping pills in different solvents was increased significantly compared with that of SRL. The hygroscopicity of the dropping pills was notable. The drug release in vitro of SRL dropping pills was similar to that of the marketed tablets with quick and complete re-lease. Conclusion:SRL dropping pills exhibit increased solubility and improved dissolution, which are valuable to be studied further.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and to analyze the potential risk factors. Methods The clinical data of 472 patients with maintenance hemodialysis from 7 blood purification centers were collected. Patients were divided into the MS group and the non-MS group. The demographic data , anthropometric examinations , dialysis prescription and results of laboratory were compared between these two groups. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of MS. Results The morbidity of MS was 34.75%. There were significant differences in weight , waist circumference , waist-hip ratio , frequency of dialysis , time of hemodialysis perweek , urea reduction ratio, urea clearance index (Kt/v), iron, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), leukocytes, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) between these two groups (P < 0.05, resectively). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that iron (OR = 1.084, P = 0.042), iPTH (OR = 1.754, P = 0.035), waist-hip 1ratio (OR = 2.013,P = 0.021), hs-CRP (OR = 4.245,P = 0.000)were correlated with MS. Conclusion The morbidity of MS in patients with maintenance hemodialysis is higher. Iron, iPTH, waist-hip ratio, hs-CRP are potential risk fctors of MS for the patients with maintenance hemodialysis.

One hundred and twenty one patients on maintenance hemodialysis ( MHD) from Januaury 2004 to Januaury 2009 in our hospital were enrolled in the study. Demographic characteristics, clinical data and causes of disease were documented, the survival probability was estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and the prognostic factors were analyzed with Cox regression model. The median follow-up duration was 28. 9 months. The 1,3, 5-year survival rates were 93. 0% , 66. 5% and 45. 8% respectively. By Kaplan-Meirie analysis, cardiovascular disease (x2 =6. 582, P =0. 010) , age of starting dialysis (x2= 12.439, P= 0.002), urea clearance index Kt/V ( x2 =7.633, P=0.006) and albumin levels ( x2 = 4.512, P= 0.034) were closely related to prognosis. Cox regression analysis showed Kt/V, cardiovascular disease and age of starting dialysis were independent prognostic factors ( relative risk were 3. 204, 2. 994, 2. 543 respectively).

BACKGROUND:Pulsed electromagnetic fields,as an important physical therapy,are exactly effective in the treatment of osteoarthritis,but the mechanism has not been fully clarified. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on the degeneration of knee joint cartilage in aged rats. METHODS:Eight 6-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were selected as the young group and were subjected to normal diet with no treatment.Sixteen 22-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into old group(n=8)and pulsed electromagnetic field group(n=8).The rats in the pulsed electromagnetic field group were subjected to a pulsed electromagnetic field intervention,once a day,5 days per week for continuous 8 weeks.The rats in the old group were given no treatment.All rats were anesthetized and executed after 8 weeks for the detection of relevant indexes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the young group,serum type Ⅱ collagen C-terminal peptide level was increased in the old group(P<0.05);compared with the old group,serum type Ⅱ collagen C-terminal peptide level was decreased in the pulsed electromagnetic field group(P<0.05).Micro-CT showed that the bone volume fraction,bone mineral density,and number of bone trabeculae decreased(P<0.05)and the trabecular separation increased(P<0.05)in the tibia of rats in the aged group compared with the young group;and the bone volume fraction,bone density,and number of trabeculae increased(P<0.05)and the trabecular separation decreased(P<0.05)in the tibia of rats in the pulsed electromagnetic field group compared with the aged group.The tibial plateau Safranin O-fast green staining showed that the articular cartilage structure of rats in the aged group was disorganized,and the number of chondrocytes was obviously reduced,and the tidal line could not be distinguished.The above results were improved in the pulsed electromagnetic field group.RT-qPCR and western blot assay showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1,matrix metalloproteinase 13,P53 and P21 in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone of rats were elevated in the aged group compared with the young group(P<0.05)and decreased in the pulsed electromagnetic field group compared with the old group(P<0.05).To conclude,pulsed electromagnetic fields may improve osteoarthritis in aged rats by inhibiting chondrocyte senescence,alleviating articular cartilage degradation and inhibiting subchondral bone osteoporosis through suppressing the expression of P53/P21.