Objective To explore the microtraumatic treatment for obstructive renal dysfunction caused by upper urinary stones. Methods A total of 43 cases of obstructive renal dysfunction caused by upper urinary stones was treated with microtraumatic treatment from August 1998 to December 2005.The treatment included ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy, ureteroscopic double-J catheter placement followed by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL),percutaneous nephrolithotomy,and primary percutaneous nephrostomy followed by ureteroscopic lithotripsy,or ESWL,or stone removal through the fistula.Results The operation time was 23~150 min(mean, 47 min) and the hospitalization time was 3~20 d(mean,7.2 d).Renal functions recovered to normal within 2 weeks ~ 3 months after operation in 29 cases;different degrees of azotemia remained 3 months after operation in 12 cases,their renal functions were improved significantly,with the serum creatinine levels decreased from 712.4 ?mol/L(326~2882.7 ?mol/L) preoperatively to 294.6 ?mol/L(173~532 ?mol/L) postoperatively;uremia remained in the rest of 2 cases and a long-term dialysis was required.The stone clearance rate was 88%(38/43).Follow-up checkups in the 43 cases for 3 months ~ 5 years(mean,1.5 years) found no death or pyonephrosis.The mean serum creatinine was 186.2 ?mol/L(39.9~933.1 ?mol/L).Recurrence occurred in 9 cases.Conclusions Microtraumatic treatment has advantages of minimal trauma,good tolerance of patients,and satisfactory safety for treating obstructive renal dysfunction caused by upper urinary stones.Different microtraumatic methods can be selected according to patient's condition.

Objective To validate near-infrared cerebral topography (NCT) as a practical toolin tracing the regional hemodynamic changes during normal ischemic stroke model of rat. Method Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and photosensitizer induced intracranial infarction model of rat were established. The geometric shape and infarction area were measured by NCT, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and TTC stained anatomical imaging techniques. Result In photosensitizer induced infarction model, the correlation between anatomical infarct area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r= 0.897 for 24 h group (P<0.05) and r=0.906 for 2 months group (P<0.01),respectively. The correlation between anatomical infarction area and NCT image area for infarct focus were r=0.820 for normothermia group (P<0.05) and r= 0.851 for hypothermia group (P<0.05), respectively. The correlation between fMRI and NCT image area for infarction focus were r= 0.874 for normothermia group (P<0.05) and r= 0.782 for hypothermia group (P<0.05),respectively. Conclusion Measurement with NCT for infarction focus matched well with fMRI and anatomic sample in rats. NCT technique might be a practical tool for short-term prediction of stroke and the rehabilitation after stroke in real time.

Objective To explore the effect of anti-retroviral therapy on interleukin(IL)-7/IL-7R in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients in China.Methods Cases were divided into 2 groups:HIV-infected group (35 cases),and control group (30 cases).IL-7 in serum,IL-7R(CD127) expression in CD4 +T cells,and CD4 +T cells count were detected and compared between two groups before and after treatment for 1 year.Results IL-7 level in the serum of HIV infected group before treatment [(8.98 ±3.77) pg/ml] was significantly higher than that in control group [(3.84 ±0.86) pg/ml] (P ＜0.05).The counts of CD4+T cells [(202.65 ± 121.54)/μl],CD4 + CD127 + T cells [(60.25 ± 11.75) ％],and CD8 + CD127 + T cells [(46.27 ± 12.10)％] in HIV-infected group were significantly lower than those in control group [(766.99 ± 103.21)/L,(76.89 ± 20.01) ％,(81.27 ± 12.35)％] (P ＜0.05).After anti-retroviral therapy (ART),IL-7 level in the serum of HIV-infected group[(5.55 ± 1.35) pg/ml]was decreased,and CD4+T cells [(450.58 ± 15)/μl],CD4 + CD127 +T cells [(69.82 ± 15.24)％],and [CD8 + CD127 + T(59.23± 14.73) ％] cells was increased in HIV-infected group,with a significant difference between two groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusions ART could improve the IL-7 level in the serum and IL-7R(CD127)expression in CD4 +T cells of HIV-infected patients.However,they still cannot become normal level.