With the development of image technology,functional imaging was gradually applied to contouring the gross target volume,which generated the concept of biological target volume and biological intensity-modulated radiation therapy.In this review,we introduced our work and the current status of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging,amino acids imaging,nucleic acid imaging,hypoxic imaging,gene imaging and molecular imaging.The future of functional imaging and it application in biological intensity-modulated radiation therapy were discussed in prospect.

Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy

Dendritic cells (DCs) is known as the most potential and professional antigen presenting cells (APC), it mainly involves in the cellular immunity and T cell dependent humoral immunity, which plays a key role in the immune response and is one of the most hot areas in immunology in recent years. DCs plays a key role in allergic rhinitis (AR) and is one of the most important mechanism of AR treating by sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). This article reviewed the mechanism of the role of DCs in AR and AR treating by SLIT.
Animals ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Desensitization, Immunologic ; Humans ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy ; Sublingual Immunotherapy

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism underlying docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-induced regulation of angiopoietin expression and Src-suppressed C kinase substrate (SSeCKS) in human brain vascular pericytes (HBVPs) subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation and restoration (OGD/R).Methods HBVPs were seeded in 96-well or in 6-well plates at a density of 2× 105 cells/ml and divided into 5 groups (n =18 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),OGD/R group,DHA group (group D),SSeCKS gene silencing group (group S) and SSeCKS gene silencing plus DHA group (group SD).The model of OGD/R injury was established as follows:the cells were subjected to O2-glucose deprivation for 24 h in glucose-and serum-free culture medium aerated with 94％ N2-5％ CO2-1％ O2 followed by restoration of O2-glucose supply for 6 h in high-glucose DMEM culture medium in normal atmosphere.DHA was added at 1 h before hypoxia with the final concentration of 40 μmol/L in group D.Small interfering RNA induced SSeCKS gene silencing in S and SD groups.Subsequently,DHA with the final concentration of 40 μmol/L was added at 1 h before hypoxia in group SD.At 6 h of reoxygenation,the cell survival rate was determined by CCK-8 assay,the amount of LDH released was detected using ELISA,and the expression of SSeCKS,angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and Ang-2 was detected by Western blot.Results Compared with group C,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,the amount of LDH released was increased,the expression of SSeCKS and Ang-1 was down-regulated,the expression of Ang-2 was up-regulated,and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was decreased in group OGD/R,and the expression of SSeCKS was down-regulated in group S (P＜0.05).Compared with group OGD/R,the cell survival rate was significantly increased,the amount of LDH released was decreased,the expression of SSeCKS and Ang-1 was up-regulated,the expression of Ang-2 was down-regulated,and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was increased in group D (P＜O.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group SD (P＞0.05).Compared with group D,the cell survival rate was significantly decreased,the amount of LDH released was increased,the expression of SSeCKS and Ang-1 was down-regulated,the expression of Ang-2 was up-regulated,and Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio was decreased in group SD (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which DHA increases the ratio of Ang-1/Ang-2 may be totally related to up-regulation of SSeCKS expression in HBVPs subjected to OGD/R.

Objective: To explore the expression of Eotaxin and the effect of histamine in allergic rhinitis model (AR),and aim to explore the pathogenesis of AR. Method:The AR models were established by applicating of ovain albumin in rats. The expression of Eotaxin in nosal mucosa,serum and nasal cavity lavage fluid,were observed before and after treatment of histamine or its antagonist by immunochemistry,RT-PCR and ELISA technique. Result:The expression of Eotaxin in nasal lavage fluid and nasal mueosa increased after treatment of histamine(P＜0.05). Contrarily,the expression of Eotaxin in nasal lavage fluid,nasal mucosa and serum decreased after treatment of the antagonist of histamine. Conclusion:Both histamine and its receptor can involve in the pathogenesis of AR by affecting the expression of Eotaxin.

Objective To analyze the clinical and CT manifestations of lung involvement of microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). Methods The clinical manifestations,laboratory ANCA examinations and CT features of 16 patients with lung involvement of MPA were retrospectively reviewed. Results (1) Clinical manifestations: 11 cases had hemoptysis or bloody sputum. Eight cases, who first presented with lung symptoms, were misdiagnosed with other lung diseases. All cases had mulfiorgans injuries involved kidney, cardiovascular and endocrine system, etc. (2) Laboratory examinations: all cases were pANCA positive and 14 cases were MPO-ANCA positive. (3) CT examinations: all cases had interstitial changes, 15 cases were interstitial predominately and 1 case was parenchymal predominately. Eight cases had pulmonary interstitial fibrosis and 11 cases had consolidation and 6 of them had both interstitial and consolidation. Two case had accompanied multiple nodulesand one of them had multiple cavitates. Six cases had mediastinal lymphoadenopathy. Conclusions Most of MPA patients have clinical manifestations of hemoptysis and bloody sputum, the CT examination show interstitial lung disease. Middle or advanced age population presented with above-mentioned manifestations should be alert to MPA, whether or not they have kidney and other organs injury.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the therapeutic effect and prognostic factors of carcinoma of parotid gland (CPG). Methods: Data on 103 CPG patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the simple surgery group (Group One) and post-operative radio-chemotherapy group (Group Two). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log-rank test, and Cox re-gression analysis were employed to analyze the five-year overall survival. Chi-square test was applied to compare the local control rate and recurrence-free survival. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between all factors and the local control rate. Results:For all patients, the five-year local control rate, five-year recurrence-free survival rate, and five-year overall survival rate were 71.49%, 69.61%, and 76.10%respectively. The five-year local control ratio (81.96%vs. 61.90%), five-year recurrence-free surviv-al (78.69%vs. 59.52%), and five-year overall survival (88.12%vs. 68.50%) were significantly improved in Group Two compared with Group One. The logistic regression analysis showed that the therapeutic method, T staging, as well as pN(+) neck and tumor differentia-tion were significantly correlated to the five-year local control rate and five-year recurrence-free survival (P<0.01). Cox regression anal-ysis showed that therapeutic method, T stage, as well as pN(+) neck and tumor differentiation were significantly correlated to the five-year overall survival (P<0.01). Conclusion:Post-operative radio-chemotherapy can improve the local control and overall survival rates. This therapeutic method is applicable to patients with T3-4 tumors, as well as pN(+) neck and middle-low differentiation.

Objective To explore the effects of silencing Livin gene by RNA interference mediated by lentiviral vector on colorectal cancer HT-29 cell xenograft growth and sensitivity to radiotherapy in nude mice.Methods BALB/c nude mice models were established by subcutaneously inoculating differently treated HT-29 cells into nude mice and the tumor growth situation of tumors was observed by measuring the volume of tumors and the weight of the nude mice at different time points after cell seeding.Livin expression was detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry,respetively.Apoptosis rate was detected by TUNEL.Normal saline,lentivirus carring unrelated sequences,lentivirus caning Livin shRNA were injected intratumorally.All the nude mice were given 10 Gy of 6 MV X-ray irradiation.The changes of mice weight and the tumor volume were measured at different time points and the weight and tumor growth curves were drawn.Results The inhibition rate of tumor volume was(50.04 ± 0.07)％ and the tumor weight of the RNA interfering group was significantly less than that in experimental group compared to the blank and negative groups(F=4.85,P＜0.05),and the inhibition rate of tumor weight was(50.27 ±0.17)％.Relative Livin mRNA expression level in the RNA interfering experimental group was(17.75 ±0.08)％,and was significantly lower than that of the blank group(67.60 ± 0.05)％ and the negative group(68.54 ± 0.03)％(F=89.97,P＜0.01).Livin protein expression level in the RNA inferring group was also significantly lower[(36.00 ± 3.40)％ versus(85.00 ± 3.15)％,(80.33 ± 3.08)％,F=107.32,P＜0.01].The apoptosis rate in the RNA interfering experimental group was significantly higher than that in the blank and the negative groups[(23.67 ± 2.25)％ versus(5.00 ± 1.50)％,(8.33 ± 1.82)％,F=56.94,P＜0.01].Combined with radiotherapy,the tumor volume at different groups had significant difference(F=10.70,P＜0.01),and RNA interfering group was significantly less than negative group and blank group(F=7.01-9.32,P＜0.01).Conclusions Silencing of Livin gene expression by lentiviral vector-mediated RNA interference could inhibit the growth of colorectal HT-29 cell xenograft and increase the sensitivity of the transplanted tumors to radiotherapy.

Objective To evaluate the endoscopic and pathologic characteristics and etiological ex-amination of viral esophagitis. Methods The data of 16 patients with viral esophagitis, including endoscop-ic, pathological and immunohistochemical findings were retrospectively studied. Results Endoscopic find-ings of viral esophagitis were characterized by single or multiple round and oval ulcers, located at the upper and middle esophagus. The surface of the ulcer was clean, and the boundary was distinct. Pathologic findings included degeneration and necrosis in squamons epithelium, accompanied by ulcer, infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes, hyperplasia of capillaries and basal cells and formation of granulation tissues, Immunocyto-chemical examination showed HSV-1 was positive in biopses, while CMV, EBV, HHV8 were negetive. Con-dusion Viral esophagtitis exhibited distinctive endosoopic and pathological features, and etiology can be confirmed by immunohistochemical examinations.