Objective To assess the characteristics and influencing factors of non-motor symptoms (non-motor symptoms) in untreated patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) at early stage.Methods A total of 106 untreated patients with PD at early stage and 108 healthy controls (HC) matched for age,gender,education status and occupation were investigated by non-motor symptoms questionnaire.And both of them were divided into two groups:aged group (≥60 years old) and nonaged group (＜60 years old).76 cases with an average of (66.8±6.6) years old were selected in the aged group,and 30 cases with an average of (57.3± 5.2) years old were selected in the non-aged group.The distribution of non-motor symptoms items was analyzed between two groups.The clinical characteristics of PD patients were also collected to assess the dominant influencing factors for the prevalence of non-motor symptoms.Results The total number of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients and non aged PD patients than in age-matched control groups [(13±7) vs.(4±2),t=10.843; (11±4) vs.(2±1),t=12.145,both P＜0.001].The incidence of non-motor symptoms was significantly higher in aged PD patients (20 items) and non-aged PD patients (9 items) than in age-matched control groups (both P＜0.05).The constipation in aged PD patients and the olfactory disturbance in non-aged PD patients were the most frequent ones.The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with course of disease(r=0.413),age(r=0.385) and Hoehn-Yahr stage (r =0.318) in aged PD patients (all P ＜ 0.05).The number of non motor symptoms was positively correlated with Hoehn-Yahr stage in non-aged PD patients (r=0.306,P＜0.05).Conclusions non-motor symptoms are more frequently seen in aged and non-aged PD patients than in age-matched controls.non-motor symptoms are more common in PD patients at earl stage and the number of non-motor symptoms increases with the degree of disease severity and age.More attention should be paid to the diagnosis and rational treatment of the non-motor symptoms so as to increase treatment effectiveness.

Objective To observe the effects of treadmill training and music therapy on freezing of gait among patients with Parkinson′s disease. Methods Fifty-six Parkinson′s disease patients with freezing of gait were randomly divided into a control group, a treadmill training group, a music group and a united group, each of fourteen. All groups received standard medication. The treadmill training group and the music group were also given treadmill training and music therapy respectively. The united group received both treadmill training and music therapy. All of the patients were assessed in terms of freezing score, time to start a first step, incidence of falls, UPDRS-Ⅲ scores and MBI scores before and after 8 weeks of intervention. Results There were no sig-nificant differences among the 4 groups before the training. Significant differences were observed in all of the measurements between the treadmill training and united groups after the treatment. In the music group, only the average UPDRS-Ⅲ and MBI results were significantly improved after the treatment. Compared with the treadmill training and music groups, the united group showed significant differences in all of the measurements. Conclu-sion Treadmill training combined with music therapy is more effective than either alone in relieving gait freezing among those with Parkinson′s disease. It decreases falling and improves their capacity in the activities of daily living life, thus their quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor ( NGF) combined with exercise train-ing on nerve protection, learning and memory. Methods Twenty-four six-month-old APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into a control group, an NGF group, an exercise group and an NGF combined with exercise training group ( the combined group) , each of 6. The control group mice were given 50 μL of saline intra-nasally every day, while the NGF group were given 50 μL of NGF solution (0.1 mg/ml) intranasally. The exercise group was given 50μL of saline intra-nasally plus 30 minutes of treadmill exercise daily, while the combined group was given 50μL of the NGF solution and 30 minutes of exercise. The intervention lasted 21 days. Then Morris water maze test was conducted to e-valuate the memory of all groups, and all of the mice were sacrificed and immunohistochemical staining was used to check the levels of APP, Ki-67 expression in cortex and NeuN expression in hippocampus. Results In the place navigation test, significant differences in escape latency were observed among the 4 groups, with the NGF, exercise and combined groups showing average latencies significantly shorter than that of the control group The average latency of the combined group was also significantly shorter than that of the NGF and exercise groups. In the spatial probe, there were significant differences among the 4 groups in the percentage of time spent in the target quadrant. The com-bined group′s average was significantly larger than those of the NGF and exercises groups. The immunochemistry showed that the combined group had better-arranged neurons and more cells compared with the 3 other groups. The average APP protein expression of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the other groups, but their Ki-67-positive and NeuN-positive cells were found to be significantly more numerous. Conclusion NGF combined with exercise can improve learning and memory, at least in APP/ PS1 mice. This might be associated with its reduc-ing the expression of APP and promoting the expression of Ki-67 and NeuN.

ObjectiveTo review the effect of school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on the World Health Organization (WHO) health-promoting school (HPS) framework on the psychological and behavioral health of children and adolescents. MethodsSystematic reviews on school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on WHO HPS framework and the health outcome, published from 2013 to June, 2023, were searched from Medline, EBSCO, PubMed, Web of Science. A systematic review of the systematic reviews was conducted. ResultsSeven articles were included, involving 261 studies, from six countries, from the journals in the fields of children's psychological health, HPS and school health, published mainly from 2013 to 2022. School-based psychological and behavioral health services involved school health education curriculum and school health services. School health education curriculum included psychological health courses and health education provided by trained teachers. School health services involved various services provided by professionals in school settings, including psychological screening, preventive interventions for psychological and behavioral health issues, clinical assessment, management services, promotion, and supportive services. The health benefits of school-based psychological and behavioral health services included relieving symptoms and incidence of anxiety and depression, alleviating the negative impact of stress, decreasing negative mood, enhancing positive attitudes and resilience, increasing happiness, improving positive psychological well-being, enhancing cognitive functions (such as sustained attention, fluid intelligence, information processing speed and executive functions), fostering correct attitudes and awareness of psychological health, helping students develop interest in learning, enhancing psychological health literacy, knowledge of psychological disorders, awareness of prevention, ability to recognize signs and symptoms, eliminating stigma related to psychological health, promoting social interaction, and improving help-seeking behaviors for psychological health issues. ConclusionThe school-based psychological and behavioral health services based on the WHO HPS framework mainly encompass school health education curriculum and school health services. The health benefits of school-based psychological and behavioral health services are reflected in psychological and behavioral health, overall psychological well-being, and quality of life, as well as social behavior and academic performance.

Objective To explore the effect of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation ( rTMS) com-bined with rehabilitation training on the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Methods A total of 150 persons with Parkinson's disease were randomly divided into an rTMS group, a rehabilitation training group and an observation group, each of 50. The rTMS group received only repeated magnetic stimulation. The rehabilita-tion training group received only standard rehabilitation training. The observation group was given both for 4 weeks. The overall efficacy of each treatment was evaluated using the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale ( UPDRS) , while the motor symptoms were assessed using the 10 m back-and-forth run test, a simple test for evaluating hand function ( STEF) and Berg's balance scale. Non-motor symptoms were evaluated using a questionnaire ( NMSQ) , the mini-mental state examination ( MMSE) , the Hamilton depression scale ( HAMD) , the Hamilton anxiety scale ( HAMA) and the Parkinson's disease sleep scale ( PDSS) . Moreover, a comprehensive quality of life assessment questionnaire ( SF-36) was used to evaluate the life quality of patients before and after the treatment. Results Compared with before the treatment, the average UPDRS scores of all three groups were lower after the treatment. Moreover, the average UPDRS score of the observation group was significantly lower than those of the other two groups. Significant improvement was observed in the mean 10 m run time and in the average STEF and Berg scores of the rehabilitation training and observation groups, but not in the rTMS group's averages. After the treatment, the mean NMSQ, MMSE, HAMD, HAMA and PDSS results of the rTMS and observation groups were significantly bet-ter than those before treatment, with the observation group's averages significantly better than those of the rehabili-tation training group. The average PDSS and SF-36 scores of the observation group were also significantly better than those of the other groups. Conclusion rTMS combined with rehabilitation training can significantly improve the motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease patients, and its efficacy is superior to that of rTMS or reha-bilitation training alone.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) under the guidance of event related potentials (ERPs) with action observation therapy (AOT) on the cognitive and motor functioning of stroke survivors in the recovery period.Methods:Ninety stroke survivors were randomly divided into a control group, an rTMS group and an rTMS+ AOT group, each of 30. All three groups were given conventional rehabilitation treatment (including the training of waist, upper and lower limb function, balance, walking, memory, attention, orientation, spatial perception and executive ability). The rTMS group also received one session of ERP-based rTMS daily five times a week. The rTMS+ AOT group was given the same rTMS combined with AOT twice a day, five times a week. Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MOCA), the Fugl-Meyer assessment scale (FMA), the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the modified Barthel index (MBI) were used to evaluate each subject′s cognitive and motor ability and their skill in the activities of daily living.Results:After the treatment, the average MMSE, MOCA, FMA, BBS and MBI scores of all groups had improved significantly, but the average MMSE, MOCA, upper limb FMA and MBI scores of the rTMS group were then significantly higher than the control group′s averages. And the average scores of the rTMS+ AOT group were significantly better than those of the other two groups.Conclusion:Combining rTMS guided by ERPs with AOT can effectively improve the cognitive functioning, motor control and balance of stroke survivors, and improve their ability in the activities of daily living.

Objective:To observe any effect of combining music exercise with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the motor control, balance and cognition of persons with Parkinson′s disease (PD).Methods:A total of 120 PD patients were randomly divided into a control group, a music exercise group, a tDCS group and a combined group, each of 30. All received routine rehabilitation training, while the music exercise, tDCS and combined groups were additionally provided with music exercise therapy, tDCS treatment or both, respectively. Version three of the unified Parkinson′s disease scale (UPDRSIII), a 10m reentry movement test, the Berg balance scale (BBS), the Activity Balance Confidence scale (ABC) and Montreal cognitive assessments were applied before and after 4 weeks of the treatments.Results:After the treatment, the average UPDRSIII score and 10m reentry movement time of the music exercise group were significantly lower than in the control group, while the average BBS and ABC scores were significantly higher than the control group′s averages. The tDCS group′s average MoCA scores on all of the items and its total score were significantly higher than those of the music exercise and control groups. The average UPDRSIII score and 10m reentry movement time of the combined group were the lowest after the treatment, and that group′s average BBS, ABC, MoCA and total scores were the highest, significantly better than the other three groups.Conclusion:Combining music exercise training with tDCS can effectively improve the motor functioning, balance and cognition of persons with PD.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of various shades of resin cements on the final color of an improved lithium-disilicate pressed glass ceramic veneers and analyze the agreement of resin cements and corresponding try-in pastes.

METHODSForty-eight artificial maxillary central incisor teeth were sequenced according to the measured color parameters and divided at random into 8 groups (n = 6). These artificial teeth were prepared following veneer preparation protocol. An improved lithium- disilicate pressed glass ceramic materials (IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) were selected as the veneer material. The shape and curvature of each veneer wax pattern were duplicated with the same impression to guarantee the similarity. The ceramic veneer specimens were delivered on the artificial teeth using the corresponding try-in pastes of 8 shades (Variolink Veneer, shades of LV-3, LV-2, MV, HV+2, HV+3; and 3M RelyXTM Veneer, shades of WO, TR, A3) and bonded with the resin cements. A clinical spectrophotometer was used to measure the color parameters of the ceramic veneers before the try-in, during the try-in procedure, and after cementation. ΔE values and C*ab values were calculated.

RESULTSThe result of one-way ANOVA indicated that the color changes of ceramic veneer cementation with resin cements were statistically significantly different in the shades of resin cements (P < 0.001). The ΔE values of ceramic veneer after cementation ranged from 0.93 to 6.79. The color changes of ceramic veneer specimens using the shades of LV-3, HV+3, WO were 3.31, 4.90 and 6.79, respectively (ΔE>3.3). The ΔE values of the ceramic veneer specimens between the resin cements and corresponding try-in pastes were from 0.72 to 1.79 (except the shade of HV+3).

CONCLUSIONSThe LV-3, HV+3, WO shades were able to change the final color of a ceramic veneer. The color of resin cements and corresponding try-in pastes achieved high agreement (except the shade of HV+3).

Acrylic Resins ; Analysis of Variance ; Cementation ; Ceramics ; Color ; Composite Resins ; Dental Porcelain ; Dental Veneers ; Esthetics, Dental ; Humans ; Incisor ; Polyurethanes ; Resin Cements

Objcetive: To explore the treatment of long segment defect of tibia by using tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle iliac flap. Methods: From February 2012 to August 2017, The People′s Hospital of Zun Yi City Bo Zhou District treated 16 patients who had long segment defect of tibia.There were 11 males and 5 females, age from 22 to 58 years old, the average age was 42 years old. Iliac flap grafting with tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle was used to treat the defect of long segment of tibia. There were 4 cases with simple tibial defect and 12 cases with skin defect. The longest tibial defect was 5-8 cm. Results: In this study, four patients used iliac flaps with deep circumflex iliac pedicle, the area of flaps ranged from 2.5 cm×5.0 cm to 5.0 cm×10.0 cm, while the area of iliac flaps ranged from 5.0 cm×2.5 cm to 8.0 cm×4.0 cm. Twelve patients used grafting with tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap, the area of flaps ranged from 5.0 cm×12.0 cm to 12.0 cm×23.0 cm, while the area of iliac flaps ranged from 7.0 cm×2.0 cm to 8.0 cm×4.0 cm. All 16 cases of bone flap were survived, fracture healing, without surgical complications. The average follow-up period was 1.5 years, the flaps had good appearance in 10 cases and was slightly bloated in 6 cases; the ankle had normal motion in 14 cases and had poor dorsal extension in 2 cases. X-ray films showed that the bone flap repaired the bone defects and reached bone healing. Conclusions Vascularized tensor fascia lata combined with iliac flap or deep circumflex iliac pedicle iliac flap grafts increase local blood supply and accelerate the process of fracture healing.

ObjectiveTo analyze the needs and current situation of home-based exercise rehabilitation for people with disabilities, develop service plans for different types of disabilities, and assess its health benefits for people with severe disabilities. MethodsBased on the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Action Plan on Physical Activity 2018-2030: More Active People for a Healthier World and WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior, functional and individualized home-based exercise rehabilitation plans for people with severe disabilities were developed. Begining from May, 2023, a six-month intervention was conducted for 37 people with severe disabilities. They were assessed with International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0), WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) before and after intervention. ResultsThe time of low-intensity leisure physical activity of IPAQ increased after intervention, while the scores of domains of cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities and participation, and total score of WHODAS 2.0 decreased, and the scores of physical health, psychological health, independence, and environment dimensions, and total score of WHOQOL-BREF increased. ConclusionThe functioning-oriented and individualized home exercise rehabilitation program can improve the level of physical activity, enhance the level of activity and boost the quality of life for people with severe disabilities.