This study on the surface electromyography (sEMG) characteristics of human upper limb during the Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) was aimed to deliberate over the precise evaluation index for the muscle function of human upper limb, and for the significance of muscle function prediction, diagnosis and rehabilitation evaluation, thus providing the design parameters for prosthetic devices. 20 normal adults (10 males and 10 females) were recruited. They each performed 13 basic actions of left and right upper limb; then they repeated each action 3 times. The sEMG signals of ten muscles (the middle of deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, palmaris longus, extensor digitorum) were tested by 8-channel sEMG collected system. The eigenvalue of Average electromyography (AEMG) and Integral electromyography (IEMG) were processed by SPSS 14. 0. The sEMG characteristics of main muscles (the middle of deltoid, biceps brachii, triceps brachii, palmaris longus, extensor digitorum) during the ADLs were obtained and analyzed. The conclusion is that Man and Woman should be different in using muscle force; man should focus on the strength of extensor digitorum, while woman should enhance the strength of palmaris longus when the elderly and the disabled performed rehabilitation training. Biceps brachii is important both in man and woman during the ADLs; deltoid and triceps brachii are less important. There is no significant difference in sEMG between left and right main muscles. At the same time, AEMG is consistent with IEMG in evaluating the muscle function.
Activities of Daily Living ; Adult ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiology ; Sex Factors ; Upper Extremity ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effect of nicorandil on early prognosis in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods Forty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ or Ⅳ patients,aged 18-64 yr,with New York Heart Association grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ,scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement with CPB,were divided into 2 groups (n =20 each) using a random number table method:control group and nicorandil group.Nicorandil was intravenously infused at 10-60 μg · kg-1 · h-1 (3-15 ml/h) after anesthesia induction until the end of surgery in nicorandil group.Before anesthesia induction (To) and at 6,12,24,48 and 72 h after surgery (T1-5),and when the patients were discharged from hospital (T6),venous blood samples were obtained for determination of the concentrations of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and brain natriuretic peptide.The events of myocardial ischemia or development of arrhythmia before and after surgery,development of defibrillation during restoration of heart beat,spontaneous heart beat,drug administration during restoration of heart beat,heart rhythm after restoration of heart beat,and the requirement for cardiovascular drugs during and after surgery were recorded.The mechanical ventilation time,duration of intensive care unit stay,and length of postoperative hospital stay were also recorded.Results Compared with control group,the concentrations of serum cTnI at T2,3 and brain natriuretic peptide at T2-6 were significantly decreased,the consumption of intraoperative norepinephrine and postoperative dobutamine was reduced,and the ventilation time and duration of intensive care unit stay were shortened (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the rate of defibrillation,restoration of spontaneous heart beat,requirement for drugs during restoration,heart rhythm after restoration or duration of postoperative hospital stay in nicorandil group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Continuously infusing nicorandil during surgery can reduce myocardial injury and improve early prognosis in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement with CPB.

Objective To explore the effect of drug injection under bronchoscopy on the retreatment of smear positive cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods From June 2016 to December 2017,164 cases of pul-monary tuberculosis with smear Yang cavity type were selected,which were divided into 2 groups according to the random digital table method,each groups has 82 cases.The control group received routine treatment,the observa-tion group underwent bronchoscopy with Kangfuxin Liquid combined with drug injection therapy.The clinical effect of the two groups,the changes of lung function before and after treatment and the improvement of clinical symp-toms were compared.Results The clinical curative effect of the treatment group was better than the control group, which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). FEV1,FEV1/FVC,PEF index in the observation group were better than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The complication rate of observation group was lower than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion Drug injection under bronchoscopy can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and lung function and promote clinical symptoms in patients with retreated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.It is worthy of popu-larization and application.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of nicorandil on cardiac function in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods:Forty patients of both sexes, aged 18-64 yr, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ, with New York Heart Association class Ⅱ or Ⅲ, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, scheduled for elective cardiac valve replacement under general anesthesia and CPB, were divided into conventional group( n=20) and nicorandil group( n=20) according to a randomized number table method.In nicorandil group, nicorandil 10-60 μg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused starting from the end of anesthesia induction until the the end of operation.Mean arterial pressure was maintained at 60-80 mmHg in two groups.Venous blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia (T 0) and at 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after operation (T 1-5) and at the time of discharge (T 6) to determine the serum amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations.The occurrence of myocardial ischemic events or arrhythmia before and after operation was recorded.The defibrillation during intraoperative restoration of spontaneous heart beat, restoration of spontaneous heart beat, medication during restoration of spontaneous heart beat, and cardiac rhythm after restoration of spontaneous heart beat were recorded.The intra- and post-operative requirements for cardiovascular drugs were recorded.The mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stay time were also recorded. Results:Compared with conventional group, the serum NT-proBNP concentration was significantly decreased at T 5 and T 6, the mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stay time were shortened, the consumption of intraoperative norepinephrine and postoperative dobutamine was decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the incidence of postoperative myocardial ischemic events or arrhythmias, defibrillation rate during restoration of spontaneous heart beat, rate of spontaneous recovery of heart beat, cardiac rhythm after restoration of spontaneous heart beat or medication during restoration of spontaneous heart beat in nicorandil group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Intravenous infusion of nicorandil can improve the cardiac function and is helpful in improving short-term prognosis in the patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB.

From September 2017 to February 2018, 650 disabled children and adolescents aged 6-to 17-year-old in Beijing were matched 1∶1 to those in normal physical condition with same age, gender and place of residence. All children and adolescents were investigated for self-injury status in the last year to understand the difference of self-injury incidence between groups. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression model was applied for exploring relevant factors of self-injury of children and adolescents. This study found that the disability, insufficient sleep, difficulty falling asleep, and sleeping late were associated with self-injury of children and adolescents.