Objective To determine the median effective concentration(EC50) of remifentanil by TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope performed under propofol anesthesia administered by TCI.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ orⅡ patients,aged 20-51 yr,weighing 52-83 kg,undergoing extirpation of vocal cord polyps under general anesthesia with remifentanil-pmpofol administered by TCI.were enrolled in the study.The target plasma concentration (Cp) of propofol was set at 4μg/ml.Operating laryngoscope was placed at 3 min after tracheal intubation.HR and MAP were continuously monitored.When HR or MAP increased by 15%,the candiovascular response was defined as positive.The EC50 was determined by up-and-down technique.The initial Cp of remifentanil was set at 5 ng/ml and was increased/decreased by 20%in the next patient if the cardiovascular response was positive or negative.Results No chest wall stiffness and intraoperative awareness occurred in all the patients.The EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting the cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope was 3.50ng/ml with confidence interval(CI) between 3.47-3.60 ng/ml.Conclusion Thee EC50 of remifentanil TCI inhibiting cardiovascular response to the placement of operating laryngoscope is 3.50ng/ml with CI between 3.47-3.60ng/ml.

Objective:To compare acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and their influencing factors among college students in different years in Beijing, and to provide evidence for targeted health education among college students in future.Methods: College students were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method, and a questionnaire survey was conducted among college students in year 2006 and 2016 in Beijing.The sample sizes were 1 800 and 3 001 college students, respectively.The contents of the questionnaire included: socio-demographic characteristics, AIDS related knowledge, AIDS related attitude, sex intercourse and its related risk behaviors, condom use intension, and AIDS related health education.Results: Compared with the year 2006, the average AIDS knowledge scores of college students in year 2016 dropped from 12.78±1.95 to 11.90±2.56 (t=12.91, P<0.05), and the correct answer rates of questions in the knowledge part were decreased, too.Except for belief on condom use, the college students were more negative on AIDS related attitude and self-efficacy in year 2016 than in year 2006.Among the students who had sex experience, the rates of commercial sex [17.65% (33/187) vs.6.53% (16/245), χ2=13.003, P<0.001] and the rates of homo-sexual intercourse [15.43% (29/188) vs.4.13% (10/242), χ2=16.356, P<0.001] were higher in year 2016 than in year 2006.The main way for the students seeking pornographic information was changed from books to internet (41.15%) in 2016 compared with the year 2016.In 2016, the influencing factors of intention on condom use were male (OR=0.713), self-efficacy of condom purchase (OR=0.876), never received sex education before college (OR=0.752), self-efficacy of condom use (OR=1.135), belief of condom use (OR=1.775), and attitude towards AIDS patients (OR=1.136).Conclusion: AIDS related knowledge, attitudes and behaviors among college students have been changed, AIDS related health education should be designed and improved based on new characteristics of college students.AIDS health education in colleges should pay more attention to sex attitude and sex responsibility and self-protection awareness among college students as well.

Objective To explore the expression of miR-101-3p in gastric cancer and its mechanism on the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of gastric cancer cells by targeting the STC-1 gene to regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miR-101-3p and STC-1 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and BGC-823 cell and analyze the relationship between miR-101-3p expression and patients' clinical pathological factors. The cells were transfected with miRNA mimics and plasmids separately or in combination with Lipofectamine^TM 2000. TargetScanHuman prediction and dual-luciferase assay were used to verify the targeted regulation of miR-101-3p on STC-1. The effect and possible mechanism of miR-101-3p targeting the STC-1 gene on the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of cancer cells were verified by scratch test, Transwell chamber test, Matrigel in vitro tube forming test, and Western blot assay. The development of the transplanted tumor was detected by nude mouse tumorigenicity test. Results The expression of STC-1 in gastric cancer tissues was higher than that in normal tissues. Compared with normal gastric tissues and GES-1 cells, miR-101-3p was down-regulated, and STC-1 mRNA was up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and BGC-823 cell. The level of miR-101-3p was negatively correlated with the level of STC-1, and significantly correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, TNM stage, and lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). miR-101-3p directly targeted STC-1. The overexpression of miR-101-3p inhibited STC-1 expression and downregulated the expression of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-AKT/AKT, MMP-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and Ang2, consequently, inhibited tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis and reduced the size and weight of the transplanted tumors (P < 0.05). Conclusion miR-101-3p is down-regulated in gastric cancer and can target the STC-1 gene to regulate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and inhibit the invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis of BGC-823 gastric cancer cells and the development of transplanted tumors in vivo.

The effectiveness of rhIL-11 on thrombocytopenia induced by carboplatin in rhesus monkeys was investigated. Thrombocytopenia was induced in monkeys by i.v. administration of carboplatin at a dose of 15 mg/kg(-1)/d(-1) for three consecutive days. rhIL-11 (50 or 100 micro g/kg(-1)/d(-1)) or Neumega (100 micro g/kg(-1)/d(-1)) were administered s.c. for 14 days beginning one day following the final dose of carboplatin. The results showed that rhIL-11 significantly improved mean platelet nadirs and shortened the mean duration of platelet counts less than 50% of pre-treatment values. Administration of rhIL-11 also resulted in moderate increase of the reticulated platelet, leukocyte and reticulocyte counts in peripheral blood and megakaryocytic and erythroid progenitors in bone marrow. rhIL-11 did not enhance ADP-induced platelet aggregation. These results indicate that rhIL-11 has a potent thrombopoietic effect in vivo and could be an important agent to reduce the severity and duration of thrombocytopenia following chemotherapy.

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is one of the methods to prevent stroke in patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis. Under cervical plexus block, the consciousness of patients can be evaluated to determine whether shunt is needed during the clamp period of carotid artery. Traditional nerve block adopts blind technique according to anatomical landmark. Ultrasound-guided nerve block can identify accurate location of puncture site, improve anesthesia effect and minimize the potential risk of block-related complications. To provide guidance for clinical application, this article reviews the status quo of carotid endarterectomy, anesthesia methods and ultrasound-guided cervical plexus block.

In order to help improving mental attention and sensory integration ability of mental retarded children, this paper proposes an interactive eyes-brain-hands coordination training system. This system realizes the principle of seeing, thinking and moving of hands by an interactive operation between the computer software custom icons and a touch control panel, so it can improve cognitive function and activity of daily living. The results show this training platform has a high degree of application and acceptance, and provides a portable training method for mental retarded children.

Objective:To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China in 2015.Methods:The data from 501 cancer registries in China collected by the National Cancer Center were reviewed and evaluated, and the qualified data were included in the final analysis. According to the national population data in 2015, the nationwide incidence and mortality of the prostate cancer were estimated. Chinese standard population in 2000 and world Segi′s population were used to calculate the age-standardized (ASR) incidence and mortality rates (ASR China and world, respectively).Results:After data review, the data reported by 368 registries were included in the final analysis, covering a total population of 309 553 499, accounting for 22.52% of the national population at the end of 2015. There were 72 thousand new prostate cancer cases estimated in China in 2015, with a crude incidence rate of 10.23/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world are 6.59/100 000 and 6.47/100 000, respectively, which is the sixth incidence of male malignant tumor.The estimated number of prostate cancer death was 3.07 thousand in China in 2015, with a crude mortality rate of 4.36/100 000; The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 2.61/100 000 and 2.65/100 000, respectively, which is the tenth leading cause of death in male malignant tumor.The ASR China incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in males were higher in urban areas (8.40/100 000 and 3.11/100 000) than those in rural areas (4.16/100 000 and 1.90/100 000). The incidence and mortality rates in the eastern areas (8.54/100 000 and 2.99/100 000) were higher than those in the central (5.28/100 000 and 2.34/100 000) and western areas (5.32/100 000 and 2.37/100 000) of China.Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China are lower than the global average, but there is an increasing trend. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China have obvious regional differences.

Objective:To study the neuroprotective effect of Chuanjin Jieyu decoction on a chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS) induced depression rat model.Methods:A total of 48 adult male healthy Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly selected, with 12 rats as the control group, and the remaining rats were used to establish a CUMS depression model. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into three groups: CUMS group, fluoxetine group, and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group; 0.9% sodium chloride solution fluoxetine and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction were respectively administered for intervention for 4 weeks. After modeling and intervention, depression levels in rats were measured through open field experiments and sugar water preference experiments; After intervention, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine protein kinase receptor B (TrkB), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate responsive element binding protein (CREB) mRNA in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression levels of BDNF and NeuN. Western blot was used to detect the level of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP).Results:After modeling, the sugar consumption, sugar preference, vertical and horizontal movement results of the CUMS group, fluoxetine group, and Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly lower than those of the control group (all P<0.01); After intervention, the above indicators in the CUMS group were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01). The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were higher than those in the CUMS group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), but lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). The qRT-PCR results showed that the mRNA expression levels of BDNF, TrkB, and CREB in the CUMS group, the fluoxetine group, and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01); The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were significantly higher than those in the CUMS group (all P<0.01). The immunofluorescence results showed that the expression levels of BDNF and NeuN in the CUMS group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P<0.01); The above indicators in the fluoxetine group and the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group were higher than those in the CUMS group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05), and all indicators in the Chuanjin Jieyu decoction group and the NeuN expression level in the fluoxetine group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.01 or P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the expression of GFAP protein in the CUMS group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0.01); The expression of GFAP protein in the fluoxetine group was higher than that in the CUMS group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Chuanjin Jieyu decoction can improve the behavioral indicators of depression in rats, increase the expression of BDNF, TrkB, CREB, and NeuN in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, suggesting that Chuanjin Jieyu decoction may exert neuroprotective effects through the BDNF/TrkB/CREB pathway.

Objective:To estimate the incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China in 2015.Methods:The data from 501 cancer registries in China collected by the National Cancer Center were reviewed and evaluated, and the qualified data were included in the final analysis. According to the national population data in 2015, the nationwide incidence and mortality of the prostate cancer were estimated. Chinese standard population in 2000 and world Segi′s population were used to calculate the age-standardized (ASR) incidence and mortality rates (ASR China and world, respectively).Results:After data review, the data reported by 368 registries were included in the final analysis, covering a total population of 309 553 499, accounting for 22.52% of the national population at the end of 2015. There were 72 thousand new prostate cancer cases estimated in China in 2015, with a crude incidence rate of 10.23/100 000. The ASR China and ASR world are 6.59/100 000 and 6.47/100 000, respectively, which is the sixth incidence of male malignant tumor.The estimated number of prostate cancer death was 3.07 thousand in China in 2015, with a crude mortality rate of 4.36/100 000; The ASR China and ASR world mortality rates were 2.61/100 000 and 2.65/100 000, respectively, which is the tenth leading cause of death in male malignant tumor.The ASR China incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in males were higher in urban areas (8.40/100 000 and 3.11/100 000) than those in rural areas (4.16/100 000 and 1.90/100 000). The incidence and mortality rates in the eastern areas (8.54/100 000 and 2.99/100 000) were higher than those in the central (5.28/100 000 and 2.34/100 000) and western areas (5.32/100 000 and 2.37/100 000) of China.Conclusions:The incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer in China are lower than the global average, but there is an increasing trend. The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in China have obvious regional differences.

Background::Breast cancer is ranked among the most prevalent malignancies in the Chinese female population. However, comprehensive reports detailing the latest epidemiological data and attributable disease burden have not been extensively documented.Methods::In 2018, high-quality cancer surveillance data were recorded in 700 population-based cancer registries in China. We extracted data on female breast cancers (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10]: C50) and estimated the incidence and mortality in 2022 according to the baseline data and corresponding trends from 2010 to 2018. Pathological types were classified according to the ICD for Oncology, 3rd Edition codes. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of the years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs).Results::In 2022, approximately 357,200 new female breast cancer cases and 75,000 deaths occurred in China, accounting for 15.59% and 7.94% of total new cancer cases and deaths, respectively. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 33.04 per 100,000. When analyzed by pathological type, the ASIRs for papillary neoplasms, invasive breast carcinoma, rare and salivary gland-type tumors, and other types were 1.13, 29.79, 0.24, and 1.88 per 100,000, respectively. The age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) was 6.10 per 100,000. A total of 2,628,000 DALYs were found to be attributable to female breast cancer in China, comprising 2,278,300 YLLs and 349,700 YLDs. The ASIR, ASMR, and age-standardized rate (ASR) for DALYs in urban areas were consistently higher than those in rural areas. We observed a four-fold increase in the ASIR and ASR for DALYs and an eight-fold increase in the ASMR among females over 55 years compared with those aged under 55 years.Conclusion::These data provide invaluable insights into the latest epidemiology of female breast cancer in China and highlight the urgency for disease prevention and control strategy formulation.