Objective To investigate whether poly arginine as the carrier can carry foreign proteins to penetrate the cell membrane and even penetrate the eyeball barrier.Methods Poly-Args (R9) was used as a CPP in this study.R9-green fluorescent protein (GFP) and GFP were constructed.In vitro,human lens epithelial cells were treated with these two proteins.Then,MTT assay were used to detect whether the protein could affect the proliferation of the cells.Flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy were used to detect the penetrability of CPPs on the cells.In vivo,eyes of mice were treated with protein in eye drops way for 7 days.Then total protein were extracted,ELISA were used to detect the penetrability of CPPs.Results The results of MTT,flow cytometry and laser confocal microscopy showed that CPPs could carry protein into cells in a dose dependent manner without affecting cell proliferation.In vivo,slit lamp showed that the mice eyeballs had no any abnormal after treated by GFP,R9-GFP,and ELISA results also showed that R9 could effectively get foreign protein into the eyeball.Conelusion R9 can carry foreign protein into the cell membrane and eyeball barrier.This study provides the basis for the eye medication and dosing mode improvement.

Objective To explore the incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of radiation encephalopathy (REP) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Methods 870 NPC patients confirmed pathologically and without distant metastasis received radical IMRT,570 of which received chemotherapy simultaneously,and followed up for 6 -104 months (with a median of 40 months),undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) once every 3 months within the first 3 years after treatment and then once every year.The clinical manifestations were observed.In 29 of these 42 patients diagnosed as with REP,the dose distributions of REP lesions were evaluated.Results 4.83％ of the NPC patients (42/870) were diagnosed as with REP.There were 39 cases with pure temporal lesion (bilateral in 6 cases),with a median latency period of 30 months (6 -56 months),2 cases with pure cerebral stem lesion both with a latency period of 14 months,and one case with lesions in temporal lobe and cerebral stem with the latency period of 18 months.REP was not observed in the stage T1-2 patients.The incidence rate of REP was 3.09％ for the stage T3 patients and 14.35％ for the stage T4 patients.Twenty-two patients underwent following-up MRI after initial diagnosis of REP.After medication or surgical treatment the conditions became better or stable in the most cases. Dosimetric analysis of 32 injured temporal lobes in 29 patients found that the maximal dose was in the contrastenhanced lesions in 27 injured temporal lobes and in edema regions in 5 injured temporal lobes.For each patient,the maximal dose in the normal temporal lobe was lower than that in the injured temporal lobe.In the same patient,the maximal dose,minimal dose,and mean dose of contrast-enhanced lesions were all higher than those in the edema region.Conclusions The incidence of REP after IMRT is high,especially in local advanced NPC patients. Active treatment stabilizes or improves the REP condition. REP is positively correlated with dose of irradiation to brain tissue.

Objective To investigated the protective ways of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT)for submandibular gland function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods From March 2010 to November 2012,101 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were enrolled into study.They were treated with IMRT and evaluated by face to face dry mouth questionnaire during the follow-up of 3,6,12,18,24 and more than 24 months,meanwhile,their dose volume histogram of submandibular gland were taken into consideration.Results The average contralateral median dose and that of ipsilateral submandibular gland were (45.69±7.22) Gy and (51.64±8.20) Gy,respectively,and the V35,V40,V45,V50 were 95.82 ％,69.99 ％,46.90 ％,25.50 ％,and 100 ％,96.50 ％,82.24 ％,60.98 ％,respectively.There were positive relationship between the xerostomia grading of 3,6,and 12 months after radiotherapy and the average dose of submandibular gland or the V35,V40,V45,V50.After 6 month,the xerostomia in 77.2 ％ (78/101) was significantly improved,and after 12 months,less than 5 ％ of patient complained about G3 or more grade of xerostomia.Conclusions When using IMRT in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,it' s necessary to reduce the irradiated volume and the dose of submandibular gland.It is confined that the median dose of contralateral submandibular gland should be less than 40-45 Gy,and V40 or V45 ≤66.7 ％ or ≤50 ％,which can effectively protect the function of salivary gland.

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the feasibility of contouring target volume according to residual tumor and decreasing the dose to the tumor regression field after induction chemotherapy (IC) in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2009 to August 2013, patients with stage III–IVB NPC were treated with IC and concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Gross tumor volume of nasopharynx (GTVnx)–residual and gross tumor volume of cervical lymph node (GTVnd)–residual were contoured according to post-IC residual primary tumor and any N+ disease, respectively. The tumor regression field was included in CTVnx1/CTVnd1 and prescribed a dose of 60 Gy. Outcomes and toxicities of all patients were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 57 patients were enrolled. At a median follow-up of 68 months, three cases displayed locoregional recurrence and one case showed both distant metastasis and locoregional recurrence. All locoregional recurrences were in the GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual and in-field. The 5-year overall, locoregional relapse-free, distant metastasis-free, and progression-free survival rates were 82.2%, 87.7%, 85.8% and 80.3%, respectively. CONCLUSION: After IC, contouring of GTVnx-residual/GTVnd-residual as residual tumor volume and distribution 60 Gy ofradiation dose to the tumorregression field may be feasible and need further investigation.
Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Lymph Nodes ; Nasopharynx ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Recurrence ; Tumor Burden

Objective To analyze the effects of Hual qi huang granules on children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.Methods A randomized,multicenter parallel controlled clinical trial was carried out.A total of 3 000 cases of hospitalized children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia were selected.All of them were given treatment for mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolide antibiotics and symptomatic treatment.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:research group and control group.The children of research group were give oral Huai qi huang granules for three months.According to the classification of pneumonia,these two groups were divided into:lobar pneumonia research group,lobar pneumonia control group,lobular pneumonia research group,lobular pneumonia control group.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay,the absorption area of lung inflammation and pneumonia severity sores were observed.The frequency of upper respiratory infections,bronchitis,pneumonia were observed in 3 months after discharge.Results 2 378 cases were investigated.The hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay of research group were significantly shorter than that of in control group (P ＜ 0.001).The children with lobar pneumonia,2 weeks after treatment,the absorption of consolidation of the lobar pneumonia research group is significantly better than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜0.001).After two weeks treatment,the pneumonia scores of lobar pneumonia research group is lower than lobar pneumonia control group (P ＜ 0.05).Followup of 3 months after hospital discharge,frequency of upper respiratory infection and bronchitis of research group,were significantly lower than that of control.In addition,appetite increased significantly in research group than control (P ＜ 0.001).There are 21 cases with drug associated adverse reactions (mild diarrhea),including 12 cases of research group,9 cases of control group,and there was no statistical significance (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Standard treatment combined with oral Huai qi huang granules in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia,can significantly shorten hospitalization duration of fever,length of hospital stay and reduce the severity score of pneumonia.Three months oral Huai qi huang granules can significant reduce the frequency of respiratory infections and bronchitis,also can increase patients appetite,and be safe.

Themedical's () infantgenre in western Hunan Province is one of the most famous infantgenres in China. Based on physiological and pathological characteristics of infants, generation-inhibition theory of five-elements andmedical's promotion-inhibition theory of five-meridians, theprotocol of "" was flexibly adjusted; according to different constitution types, including lung-deficiency type, spleen-deficiency type, kidney-deficiency type,-deficiency type,-deficiency type,-deficiency type, phlegm-wet type, phlegm-heat type, different protocols were adopted to prevent or reduce the asthma recurrence and reach the aim of regulating constitution and disease prevention.