The brain is an important organ in the human body with high metabolic requirements, and epilepsy, as a common neurological disease, also exhibits high metabolic characteristics in its lesion area. At present, controlling seizures caused by drug-resistant epilepsy or specific metabolic defects through metabolic regulation has shown good anti epileptic effects. In recent years, people have become increasingly interested in the relationship between brain metabolism and epileptic seizures. So far, several new anti epileptic therapies targeting metabolic pathways have been proposed, including inhibition of glycolysis, targeted lactate dehydrogenase, and dietary therapy. It is highly promising to intervene in epilepsy by regulating brain metabolism, but currently we still lack a thorough understanding of the role of brain metabolism in controlling epilepsy. This review aims to gain a deeper understanding of energy metabolism in the brain and its correlation with epilepsy, emphasizing the regulation of neuronal excitability through glycolysis, in order to search for effective anti epileptic therapies, in order to better understand the role of glycolysis in epileptic seizures and reveal potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of total parathyroidectomy and autotransplantation (TPTX+AT) and total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) on secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library were searched from inception to June 2017 for relative studies, which were screened according to inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis of included study were conducted to compare the improvement of symptoms, persistent SHPT, recurrent SHPT, reoperation, hypoparathyroidism, duration of operation and hospitalization between TPTX+AT group and TPTX group. Results: A total of 11 studies with 1212 patients were included. Results of meta-analyses showed no difference between TPTX+AT and TPTX regarding improvement of symptoms and persistent SHPT (RR=1.03, P=0.70; RR=0.81, P=0.67, respectively), but TPTX was associated with lower risks of recurrent SHPT and reoperation (RR=0.25, P<0.01; RR=0.19, P<0.01). Patients with TPTX had higher rate of hypoparathyroidism (RR=2.68, P<0.01) but shorter time of operation (MD=-17.3, P=0.01). Durations of hospitalization were similar between the two groups (MD=-0.06, P=0.98). Conclusion Compared with TPTX+AT, TPTX reduces the risks of recurrent SHPT, reoperation and operation time, but has higher risk of hypoparathyroidism.