Objective To establish lung function reference values and prediction equations in children and adolescents of the Han nationality in Heilongjiang province.Methods A survey in 588 healthy children and adolescents (292 males,296 females)aged 10 to 18 years old was carried out in Heilongjiang province in 2008.Eight flowvolume tests parameters were measured.Stepwise multiple regression was carried out to establish prediction equations for the parameters mentioned above.Results FVC and FEV1,were found,regardless of sex,to tend to go up with the increase of age(P ＜0.001).Beginning from the age of 14,male FVC and FEV1 became significantly higher than those of the female(P ＜0.001),the period of a fast increase of the male FVC and FEV1 taking place during the age of 13～14,while that of the female taking place in the age of 12 ～ 13,one age bracket earlier than the male.All lung volumes and flow rates,were found,regardless of sex,to tend to go up with the increase of age,height and weight(P ＜ 0.001).The regression equations of lung function were established.By comparison with the equations derived from our study and other authors' reports,it was found that the difference between measured data and predicted values from other authors was higher than those from our8.Conclusion Reference values and prediction equations for forced expiratory lung function applicable for children and adolescents of the Han nationality in Heilongiiang province were established.

AIM: The study is designed to probe for the relationship between waist to hip ratio(WHR)and static lung volumes of adults. METHODS: In July-October 2008, 1 307 healthy adults(372 males and 935 females)were selected in Heilongjiang province by means of questionnaire and physical examination. The height, weight, WHR, fat mass, percentage body fat and lung function were measured, and then grouped according to the standard of classification of WHR(central obesity male WHR ≥ 0.86, female ≥ 0.82)for analysis of the relationship between WHR and static lung volume. RESULTS: WHR was found, regardless of sex, to tend to go up with the increase in age and BMI(P<0.01), and both the fat mass and percentage body fat of the central obesity group were higher than those in the group with normal WHR(P<0.01). An independent negative correlation was found(P<0.05), also regardless of sex, between the WHR with expiratory reserve volume(ERV)in all these adults. ERV in central obesity group was lower than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). Compared to the normal group, ERV in the central obesity group decreased by 11% for males and 8% for females(P<0.05). However, with regard to the relationship between WHR and VT, IC, MV, and VC, gender differences were found. For the males, a significant independent positive correlation was observed between WHR and IC(P<0.05), with IC of the central obesity group 6% higher than that in the group with normal WHR(P<0.05). For the females, significant independent positive correlation was found between WHR and MV(P<0.05), with the VT and MV of the central obesity group 7% and 6% higher(P<0.05), respectively, than that in the group with normal WHR. CONCLUSION: WHR is in an independent negative correlation with ERV. The elevation of WHR may play a role in the impairment of respiratory function. Its occurrence is accompanied by a rise of IC for the male and a rise of MV for the female. These changes in the two genders could be associated with the decrease in arterial oxygen tension caused by the decrease of ERV.

Objective To explore the problems and solving countermeasures in application of nursing vertical management,and provide references for nursing post management reform.Methods Through purposive sampling method,nursing administers,clinical nurses,heads of clinical departments and performance directors from five hospitals were interviewed by semi-structured interview method.Data were analyzed using 7-step Colaizzi's phenomenological analysis method.Results Four themes were formed about the problems in application of nursing vertical management,including:affecting department management and doctor-nurse collaboration,insufficient scientificity and fairness of performance evaluation,significant issues regarding post setting of senior nurses,competence and sense of belonging of temporarily deployed nurses.Four themes were formed about the solving countermeasures in application of nursing vertical management,including:improving participation of clinical departments in nursing management,making performance system to public and asking advices of nurses,providing career development for senior nurses,and conducting standardized training and establishing reserve nurses tank.Conclusion The main problems in application of nursing vertical management consisted of affecting department management and doctor-nurse collaboration,insufficient scientificity and fairness of performance evaluation,post setting of senior nurses,and competence and sense of belonging of temporarily deployed nurses.We suggested to better apply nursing vertical management by improving participation of clinical department in nursing management,making performance system to public and asking advices of nurses,providing career development for senior nurses,and conducting standardized training and establishing reserve nurses tank.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the safety and efficacy of trastuzumab administered concurrently with anthracycline-containing adjuvant regimen for breast cancer.

METHODSIt is a prospective, randomized and controlled trial. Participants were randomized to receive trastuzumab administered concurrently or sequentially with anthracycline-containing adjuvant regimen. The primary endpoint was cardiac safety. The second endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTSOne hundred and nine breast cancer patients were enrolled and randomized in this trial. Fifty-five participants received trastuzumab administered concurrently with anthracycline-containing adjuvant regimen and 54 patients received trastuzumab administered sequentially with anthracycline. The primary cardiac event was asymptomatic decrease in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). There was no significant difference between concurrent and sequential groups in cardiac event rates (9.1% vs13.0%, P = 0.556), neither of LVEF values at basline or at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months during trastuzumab treatment (P > 0.05). Four patients (7.3%) in the concurrent group suffered local recurrences or distant metastases, and 6 participants (11.1%) in the sequential group had distant metastases. There was no significant difference between the two groups in DFS (P = 0.724). There was no death in both groups.

CONCLUSIONSTrastuzumab administered concurrently with anthracycline is a safe adjuvant regimen for breast cancer and does not increase cardiac events. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy of this treatment regimen.

Adult ; Anthracyclines ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; pathology ; surgery ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Disease-Free Survival ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; secondary ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke Volume ; Trastuzumab

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transurethral resection of Prostate(TURP)combined with endocrine therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 87 cases of late-stage prostate cancer with dysuria admitted between January 2014 and December 2017.We divided them into 2 groups.TURP group(n = 48)received transurethral resection of prostate,followed by regular endocrine therapy.The control group(n = 39)was only given regular endocrine therapy.Comparative analysis of indicators such as prostate-specific antigen before and after treatment,maximum urinary flow rate,residual urine volume,International Prostate Symptom Score(IPSS),and 5-year survival rate was performed between the two groups.Results Three months after TURP surgery,the symptoms of urinary difficulty significantly improved,and various indicators showed significant improvement compared to before the surgery.PSA levels also notably decreased compared to before the surgery.After 3 months of treatment,the TURP group showed significant improvements in IPSS,Qmax,RV,and PSA indicators compared to the control group(P<0.05).Both groups of patients experienced a gradual decrease in PSA levels after receiving standardized treatment.In the first 12 months of treatment,the PSA levels in the TURP group decreased more significantly compared to the control group,but after 12 months of treatment,the comparison difference was not statistically significant in the PSA levels between the two groups(P = 0.056).A 5-year follow-up comparison of the two groups of patients revealed that there was no statistically significant difference in survival(P = 0.734).Conclusion Transurethral resection of Prostate(TURP)combined with regular endocrine therapy can effectively improve the dysuria in prostate cancer patients,improve the quality of life of patients,and will not affect the five-year survival rate.TURP is a safe and effective treatment for advanced prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy and side effects of brentuximab vedotin (BV) plus chlormethine hydrochloride (CH) in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after failure with BV alone.

METHODSFrom March, 2014 to December, 2014, 6 patients who failed with BV monotherapy were enrolled in this study. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of BV (1.2-1.8 mg/kg, iv. gtt, d1) and CH (6 mg/m2, iv. gtt, d1) was given for 3 weeks as one course, and all patients received about 3-8 courses of chemotherapy, with an median of 4 courses. Clinical efficacy and adverse events were assessed and observed by radiographic examination and serological detection.

RESULTSAmong 6 patients, the overall response rate was 100% with 2 complete remission and 4 partial remission. The main adverse events were grade I (2 patients) and IV (2 patients) bone marrow depression, grade II (2 patients)gastrointestinal reaction, grade I (1 patient) increase of transaminase and myocardial enzyme and grade I (1 patient) mouth ulcers.

CONCLUSIONThe combination of BV and CH in the treatment of relapsed and refractory HL after failure with BV alone was high effective and the toxicities were well tolerable.

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating ; therapeutic use ; Hodgkin Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates ; therapeutic use ; Mechlorethamine ; therapeutic use