Objective:To study the effect of calcium sodium phosphosilicate(CSP)on the enamel remineralization of primary teeth. Methods:30 extracted human healthy primary molars were collected.Each tooth was cut bucco-lingually and mesial-distally into 4 sections.The sections were assigned randomly into 4 groups(n =30).Demineralization and remineralization cyclic model was estab-lished by etching with 35% phosphate acid for 2 min and then treated by unexposure of the sample to nothing(control,group A),so-dium monofluorophosphat(MFP,group B),CSP(group C)and MFP +CSP(group D).The cyclic was repeated twice daily for 30 d. The enamel surface morphology was observed by SEM and the surface microhardness(SMH)was measured.Results:On the tenth day,squamous morphology was observed on the enamel surface of group A and that of group D appeared less demineralization.The SMH value of group D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).On the thirtieth day,obvious demineralization was ob-served in group A.Group B,C and D appeared surface remineralization.The SMH value of group B,C and D was significant higher than that of group A(P <0.05).Highest SMH value was achieved in group D.Conclusion:CSP combined with fluoride is more ef-fective in the enamel remineralization of primary teeth than the single application of them.

Objective To investigate the effects of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) on the expression of EDA+ FN in granulation tissues of human diabetic foot wounds.Methods Forty patients with diabetic foot wounds fitting the inclusion criteria,admitted from Jan.2014 to Jun.2016,were randomly and equally apportioned to receive either NPWT or conventional gauze therapy (control) for 14 days.Granulated tissue biopsies were collected before (0 day) and after (14 day) treatment in both groups.All biopsies were subdivided into two parts.One part was preserved in 4％ paraformaldehyde for immunocytochemical staining of EDA+FN,and the other part was stored at-80 ℃ for Western blotting and PCR analysis of EDA+FN.Results The immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the mean area density of EDA+ FN increased in both NPWT group and control group at day 14 relative to day 0,but the change value of mean area density was higher in NPWT group than in control group (P＜0.01).Western blotting showed that the relative protein levels of EDA+FN increased in both NPWT group and control group at day 14 relative to day 0,but the change value of relative protein levels of EDA+FN was higher in NPWT group than in control group (P＜0.01).The real time PCR analysis demonstrated that the relative mRNA levels of EDA+ FN increased in both NPWT group and control group at day 14 relative to day 0,but the change value of relative mRNA levels of EDA+ FN was higher in NPWT group than in control group (P＜0.01).The results demonstrated the higher protein and mRNA levels of EDA+FN in NPWT group than that in control group.Conclusion NPWT obviously enhances EDA+FN expression in granulation tissue of diabetic foot wound,as a result promotes wound healing.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) gene and the incidence of hypertension in obese subjects. Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 377 simple obese subjects who had Trp64Arg mutation in the β3-AR gene and some clinical metabolic parameters, such as body mass index, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured in the year of 2000 and 2007. Results The results of follow-up indicated that the incidence of hypertension in Trp64Arg heterozygote subjects were higher than that in Trp64Trp homozygote subjects (52.7% ,69/131 vs 37.0% ,91/246,P < 0.01), the difference was only seen in male (59.5%, 50/84 vs 45.1%, 64/142, P < 0.05). The incidence of hypertension in both Trp64Trp homozygote and Trp64Arg heterozygote subjects were higher in obese male than those in obese female (P < 0.01 or <0.05). After seven years, the blood pressure increased (9.7 ± 4.3)/(5.4 ± 4.0) mm Hg(1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) in Trp64Trp homozygote,and (12.8 ± 5.2)/ (7.9 ± 4.7) mm Hg in Trp64Trp heterozygote subjects. Compared with that in Trp64Trp homozygote subjects, lipid profile, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR was increased significantly in Trp64Trp heterezygote subjects (P < 0.05). Logistic analysis showed that β3-AR gene mutation, male, central obesity and insulin resistance were associated with the incidence of hypertension in obese subjects. Conclusion The β3-AR gene Trp64Arg mutation is the independent risk factor in the incidence of hypertension in male.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors of metabolic syndrome ( MS ) in obese subjects.Methods A seven-year follow-up study was conducted in 413 simple obese subjects and 196 subjects with normal body weight who were recruited from community residents during physical examination in 2000.There was a 7 years follow-up.Anthropometrics,blood pressure,lipid profile,fasting blood glucose,and 2 h blood glucose after glucose loading were measured.Endothelium-dependent dilatation (EDD) test was also performed.Results Among 553 of 609 subjects who were followed up in 2007,there were 381 simple obese subjects ( simple obese group) and 172 normal weight subjects( normal weight group).Seven-year cumulative incidence of MS was 35.17％ in simple obese group and 8.14％ in normal weight group.In simple obese group,subjects with MS showed greater or higher levels of waist circumference( WC ),waist-hip ratio ( WHR ),triglyceride ( TG ),fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ),fasting insulin (FINS),and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) (all P＜0.05 ),and also decreased EDD( P＜0.05 ) as compared with those without MS.WC,WHR,and FINS were higher( all P＜0.05 ) and EDD was lower( P＜0.05 ) in subjects with MS of normal weight group than those without MS.Logistic analysis showed that the male gender,WC,WHR,FPG,HOMA-IR,and EDD were major risk factors of MS.Conclusion Central obesity,insulin resistance,and endothelial dysfunction are important independent risk factors for development of MS.

Objective To investigate the effects of clearing liver and purging the heart decoction( CLPHD) combined with methimazole on hormone levels in hyperthyroid rats. Methods Rats were administered with levothyroxine (600 μg·kg-1 ) for 3 weeks to establish the hyperthyroid model,and the serum contents of T3,FT3,T4,FT4,TSH and TRAb in hyperthyroid rats treated with CLPHD combined with methimazole were detected. Results Methimazole, CLPHD, and the combination therapy significantly reduced food intake,water intake and body temperature of the hyperthyroid rats. All treatments reduced levels of FT3, T4 and FT4 in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with the CLPHD mono-therapy, the combination therapy significantly lowered serum T4 in hyperthyroid rats,but not the TRAb level. Conclusion CLPHD combined with methimazole can obviously improve the function of thyroid gland in hyperthyroid rats.

BACKGROUND:Tranexamic acid is a synthetic anti-fibrinolytic drug, and can effectively control blood loss after total knee arthroplasty through vein. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tranexamic acid in reducing blood loss after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty. METHODS:From 2014 to 2015, 100 patients from the Department of Lower Limb, Sichuan Orthopaedic Hospital underwent primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty, and randomly divided into test group which used tranexamic acid and control group which used tranexamic acid, with 50 cases in each group. 1 g tranexamic acid was infused into the vein at 10 minutes before total knee arthroplasty in the test group, but tranexamic acid was not given in the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The amount of total blood loss, postoperative wound drainage in 24 hours, and the amount of blood transfusion were significantly less in the test group than in the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences in intraoperative blood loss and the number of patients receiving blood transfusion were found between the test and control groups. No significant difference in preoperative hemoglobin levels was detected before surgery, but hemoglobin levels were decreased after surgery between the two groups. Postoperative hemoglobin levels were apparently higher in the test group than in the control group after surgery. At 24 hours after surgery, no significant difference in coagulation was detectable between the two groups. At 6 days, double lower limb vein color Doppler ultrasound examination did not reveal deep vein thrombosis in both groups. These findings verify that treatment with tranexamic acid in the vein before primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty can evidently diminish the amount of perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion, reduce the risk and cost of blood transfusion, which is good for rehabilitation and does not increase the risk of deep vein thrombosis.

BACKGROUND:Compared with bone marrow and autologous peripheral blood stem cells, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells are characterized as more primitive, more powerful amplification and lower immunogenicity, no ethical problems, which are more important to the elderly patients with diabetes mel itus. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment of the elderly patients with diabetic lower limb vascular disease. METHODS:Fifty-six elderly patients with diabetic lower limb vascular disease were randomly divided into observation group and control group. The control group was treated with conventional therapy, while the observation group was treated with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Observation group showed a higher efficiency than the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). After treatment, foot skin temperature, transcutaneous oxygen pressure, and ankle brachial index were al improved in both two groups, and the ankle brachial index showed a better value in the observation group (P<0.05). There were no significant adverse reactions in the two groups. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells transplantation is a simple, safe and effective therapy for the elderly patients with diabetic lower limb vascular disease, with better short-term curative effect.

Objective To compare the effects of peripatellar peripheral nerve partially and totally depolarized in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods 66 TKA patients were divided into partially depolarized group (A, 42 knees) and totally depolarized group (B, 38 knees). The scores of knee-joint, Feller and Visual Analogue Scale were recorded. Results There was no significant difference in all the scores between 2 groups before operation (P>0.05). All the scores improved after operation (P<0.05), however, there was still no significant difference between 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Patellar peripheral nerve partially depolarization technique can reduce postoperative knee pain, which has the same effect with totally depolarization.

BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord can induce differentiation into islet-like cells.OBJECTIVE: To verify the possibility of human umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells co-cultured with rat pancreatic cells differentiate into islet-like cells, and to observe the effects of transplantation of islet-like cells on blood glucose of diabetic rats.METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells in Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord was separated, induced, passaged, and co-cultured with pancreatic cells to induce differentiation into islet-like clusters. Rats were divided into the normal control, model and experimental groups. Rats in the model group were prepared for diabetic models, and those in the experimental group were transplanted islet-like cells after model preparation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were cells crawled out of cultured Wharton's Jelly of the human umbilical cord, and morphology of adhered cells turned into fusiform shape at 7 days. The isolated cells are characterized by expressing specific surface markers of mesenchymal stem cells, such as CD44, CD29, CD105, but not expressing CD34, CD45 or CD14. The cells were strongly stained by PDX-1 and human insulin at 7 and 10 days. Compared with the simple culture group, the expression of human insulin and concentration of C-peptide were obviously increased; PDX-1 and human insulin mRNA expressions were highly expressed at 7 and 10 days after induction. Compared with the model group, the streptozotocin test of rats in the experimental group was obvious decreased (P < 0.01), but extremely higher than that of the normal control group at 1 week after transplantation (P < 0.01). Brdu positive nuclei and insulin positive kytoplasms could be seen in the experimental group at 8 weeks after transplantation. The results demonstrated that, umbilical cord derived mesenchymal stem cells existed in Wharton's Jelly. The co-cultured cells promote mesenchymal stem cells differentiating into islet-like cells, which can dramatically decrease blood glucose in diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Nowadays, angiotensin Ⅱ plays an important role in onset of diabetic nephropathy. Therefore, the nuclear factor-κB may have adjustive effects on angiotonin system of kidney tissue of diabetic rats. OBJECTIVE: To observe the relationship of activity of inhibitive nuclear factor-κB with angiotensin Ⅱ and its type 1 receptor mRNA expression of renal tissue of diabetic rats. DESIGN: Completely randomized group design, control experiment. MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences between March and April 2000. Fifty-one pure breed clean grade male Wistar rats were select ed. METHODS: ①Models were established in 39 rats. Streptozotocin dissolv ing in citric acid buffer (0.1 mmol/L,pH=4.5) were given to establish dia betic models with 60 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection. If the fasting blood glucose maintained above 13.9 mmol/L, the establishment of models was successful. The thirty-nine rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups: model group (n=17, without other interventional measure, feeding normally) and pyrrolidine dithiocar2. Bamate (PDTC) (active inhibitor of nuclear fac tor-κB) interventional group [n=22, PDTC at the dose of 20 mg/kg were given with intraperitoneal injection, twice a day]. Other 12 rats were as normal control group, did not make into diabetic models with normal breeding. ②After feeding for 18 weeks kidneys were got in every group. The activity of nuclear factor-κB was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The expression of type 1 receptor mRNA of angiotensin Ⅱ was measured with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Contents of angiotonin Ⅰ and angiotensin Ⅱ were tested with Radio Im munoassay (RIA). Activity of rennin was referred to that the result of the level of angiotonin Ⅰ at 37 ℃ water bath subduced to that at 4 ℃. ③Dif ference of measurement data was compared with single factor analysis of variance. After normal transformation, the non-normal distribution data were conducted with statistical disposal. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of contents of angiotensin Ⅰ and Ⅱ, activities of rennin and nuclear factor-κB and expression of type 1 receptor mRNA of angiotensin Ⅱ in renal tissues of rats of each group. RESULTS: In the normal control group, model group and PDTC interven tional group 1, 6 and 13 rats were dropped out, respectively, so 11, 11 and 9 rats in each group were involved in the result analysis. ①Activity of nu clear factor-κB: It was higher significantly in the model group than that in the normal control group and PDTC interventional group (P ＜ 0.01 ). It was similar between the normal control group and the PDTC interventional group. ②Activity of rennin of renal tissue: It was similar among the 3 groups. ③Content of angiotonin Ⅰ of renal tissue: It was higher obviously in the model group that that in the normal control group and the PDTC interventional group (P ＜ 0.01 ). ④Content of angiotensin Ⅱ in renal tissue: It was similar between the model group and the normal control group. It was lower markedly in the PDTC interventional group than that in the model group and the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). Expression of type 1 receptor mRNA of angiotensin Ⅱ: It was lower remarkably in the model group than that in the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). It was lower dis tinctly in the PDTC interventional group than that in the model group and the normal control group (P ＜ 0.01 ). CONCLUSION: The increase of activity of nuclear factor-κB in renal tissue of diabetic rats can inhibit the activity of nuclear factor-κB, which will induce the reduction of the level of angiotensin Ⅱ and expression of type 1 receptor mRNA of angiotensin Ⅱ in renal tissue of diabetic rats.