AIM: To investigate the adsorption mechanism of pueraria on the molecular imprinting polywer(MIP) and Scatchard analysis was carried out. METHODS: Pueraria MIP was synthesized using pueraria as the template,acrylamide as the functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethaerylate(EDMA) as the crosslinker. RESULTS: The result showed that at least two classes of binding sites were formed in the imprinted polymer.Extracting compounds from Radix Pueraria was separated by MIP. CONCLUSION: The component of the products is analyzed by HPLC.The result shows that the final products contain pueraria and the other two kinds of isoflavone.

The ratio of plasma aldosterone concentration to plasma renin activity (ARR) is a practical parameter in screening for primary aldosteronism (PA).However,variations of the cutoff value of ARR in different studies have been reported due to plenty of influential factors that may affect the secretions of renin and aldosterone. Lack of standardization of assays for ARR also makes direct comparisons among different studies difficult.The associated influential factors on ARR were introduced in this review.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the degree of serum cortisol suppression by low-dose dexamethasone (1 mg) and full serum cortisol suppression (suppression rate > 50% ) by high-dose dexamethasone (8 mg) in patients with Cushing syndrome, and to evaluate these tests in Cushing disease. Methods Ninty-one patients with Cushing syndrome were studied retrospectively. The relationship of 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% cortisol suppression by overnight 1mg dexamethasone with full serum cortisol suppression by overnight 8 mg dexamethasone was analyzed, and the sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of Cushing disease were evaluated. Results The degree of cortisel suppression during overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test was correlated with that during overnight 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test (r=0. 649,P<0. 001 ). 30, 22, 13, and 9 patients had greater than 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% serum cortisol suppression respectively during overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test. Among them, 23 ( 76. 7% ), 20 (90. 9% ), 12 (92.3%), and 9 ( 100.0% )patients had full serum cortisol suppression during overnight 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test. The sensitivity of the cutoff of greater than 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% serum cortisol suppression for the diagnosis of Cushing disease was 52.8%, 32.7%, 22.6%, and 15.7%, and the specificity was 94.7%, 94.7%, 97.4%, and 97.4% respectively. Conclusions In patients with Cushing syndrome, greater than 20% serum cortisol suppression during overnight 1 mg dexamethasone suppression test is usually associated with full serum cortisol suppression during overnight 8 mg dexamethasone suppression test, and most of them are finally diagnosed as Cushing disease.

Objective To apply Plato analysis method to clinical cases which were reported from clinical nursing, finding out the key link of the risks which were related to the cases:the key age, the key period, the key spectrum of disease and the key projects, etc. To carry out the feedforward control of the quality of care, and ensure the quality and safety of nursing. Methods A database were set up including clinical special cases, high-risk cases, security hidden danger cases and emergency cases. Thetwo eightprinciple of Plato analysis method was used to find out the main factors, the principal contradiction, the key hazard and the key problems of the cases, etc. The aim was to provide guidelines of risk analysis, risk prevention and risk aversion for nurses, and improve their consciousness of security hidden danger, and reduce security hidden danger cases. Results The results of 207 cases collected from 2014 to 2015 showed that the main risks involved the age groups were 41-80 years old and 21-30 years old. The major risks involved the spectrum of disease were the nervous system, cardiovascular disease, surgical anesthesia related problems, kidney disease, cancer and respiratory system. The major risks involved the time were the midnight, morning and afternoon. The major risks involved the locations were sickroom, emergency room, auxiliary inspection departments and outpatient. The major risks involved items were disease mutation, psychological problems, medication safety and instrument safety, among the disease mutation, timely discovered, rescued 13 patients with heart and breathing pause, stop 13 patients who attempted suicide. Since the Plato analysis method was applied to identify the security risks of the clinical cases, the number of falling, all kinds of pipe shed, skin problems and suicides were decreased from 6, 6, 7, 5 in 2014 to 2, 2, 2, 1 in 2015, declining trend year by year. Conclusions Applying the Plato analysis method to identify the security risks of the clinical cases which can find out the main problems of cases and improve nursing quality and management efficiency.

Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for severe cranio-cerebral injury,and its influence on the level of serum interleukin -1 beta(IL -1 )and interleukin -6(IL -6). Methods 150 patients with severe craniocerebral injury were selected and divided into two groups by random and single blind method.75 patients of the control group were treated with conventional therapy,75 patients of the observation group were given hyperbaric oxygen on the basis of the conventional treatment,and the clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the observation group was 94.67%,which was significantly higher than 77.33% of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(χ2 =7.83,P <0.05).There were no significant differences in GCS and ADL scores between the two groups(t =1.22,2.39,all P >0.05).After treat-ment,the GCS and ADL scores of the observation group were (12.18 ±2.13)points,(67.46 ±12.55)points,which were significantly higher than those before treatment(t =8.01,7.76,all P <0.05),and there were significant differ-ences between the two groups(t =7.23,6.82,all P <0.05).Before treatment,there were no significant differences in the serum levels of IL -6 and IL -1 between the two groups(t =2.10,1.01,all P >0.05).After treatment,the serum levels of IL -1 and IL -6 in the observation group were (127.48 ±16.35)pg/mL,(89.66 ±13.47)pg/mL, which were significantly lower than before treatment(t =8.34,7.89,all P <0.05),there were significant differences between the two groups(t =7.65,7.22,all P <0.05).Conclusion Implementation of hyperbaric oxygen in patients with severe traumatic brain injury on the basis of conventional symptomatic treatment can effectively improve the clinical symptoms and signs,reduce the serum IL -1 and IL -6 levels,promote the recovery of brain function and ability of daily life,and which is worth to be promoted in clinical.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of early mechanical ventilation coupled with mild hypothermia in the treatment of severe traumatic brain injury(STBI)and its effect on serum C -reactive protein (CRP)and hemorheology.Methods According to the order of admission,110 patients with STBI were divided into two groups.55 cases in the control group were given conventional symptomatic treatment and early mechanical ventilation, while 55 patients in the observation group were given early mechanical ventilation coupled with mild hypothermia.The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.Results The good prognosis rate was 74.55% in the observation group,which was significantly higher than 56.36% of the control group (χ2 =7.65,P <0.05).The serum CRP in the observation group admitted to hospital 2,3,5,7d were significantly decreased compared with the control group(t =7.48,8.04,7.34,7.82,all P <0.05).After treatment,the hear whole blood viscosity was (6.03 ±0.89)mPa·s, low shear whole blood viscosity was (3.18 ±0.19)mPa·s,plasma viscosity was (1.21 ±0.18)mPa·s,hematocrit was (37.56 ±3.23)%,and those were decreased compared with before treatment(t =8.45,7.54,7.04,8.02,all P <0.05).And there were significant differences compared with the control group(t =7.77,6.69,6.44,7.49,all P <0.05).Conclusion The effect of early mechanical ventilation coupled with mild hypothermia in the treatment of STBI has good effect,and it can reduce serum CRP levels,improve blood rheology,which is conducive to patients'prognosis.

Objective To analyze imageology appearance and clinical characteristics of the cystic and solid breast carcinoma.Methods Features of MRI and B-type ultrasonic inspection of 26 patients with the cystic and solid breast carcinoma pathologically confirmed (15 patients with mucinous carcinoma,6 patients with intracystic papillary carcinoma,5 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the breast) were retrospectively reviewed.Results In terms of clinical appearance,the incidence of the squamous cell breast carcinoma with an average age of 70.1 years old was larger than in youth,while mucinous carcinoma with an average age of 67.7 years old and intracystic carcinoma of breast with an average age of 55.1 years old were contrary.The squamous cell breast carcinoma developed more quickly than mucinous carcinoma and intracystic carcinoma of breast.The squamous cell breast carcinoma often occurred around mammilla (4/5),while the mucinous carcinoma and intracystic papillary carcinoma often occurred upper outer quadrant of breast,which was similar with other breast cancer.The average size of 49.6 mm in the squamous cell breast carcinoma was largest than the average size of 25.1 mm in mucinous carcinoma and the average size of 35.2 mm in intracystic papillary carcinoma.The malignant degree of squamous cell breast carcinoma was higher than mucinous carcinoma and intracystic papillary carcinoma,which intended to occur lymph node metastasis and skin infiltration.The diagnosis probability of mucinous carcinoma was smaller than intracystic papillary carcinoma through preoperative puncture,while squamous cell breast carcinoma was larger.On the MRI imageology appearance,both types of breast cancer had the same shape of rotundity or lobulated.The tumors were low signal on T1WI and partially high signal on T2WI,which were circular enhancement after enhancement.However,the edge of mucinous carcinoma and squamous cell breast carcinoma was rougher than intracystic papillary carcinoma compared with squamous cell breast carcinoma.The bursa wall of mucinous carcinoma was more uniformity,while papillary soft tissue image can be found in intracystic papillary carcinoma,which was enhanced significantly after enhancement.In terms of ultrasonic sound (US),there were low echo signal and high echo signal on the back of tumor compared with other breast tumor.There were shadow beside mucinous carcinoma.Squamous cell breast carcinoma was rich in blood supply,while mucinous carcinoma and intracystic papillary carcinoma were opposite.Conclusion Histological type of cystic and solid breast carcinoma is complex,but the appearances of MRI and US have some characteristics.Histological type and the range of disease could be guessed through the combination of preoperative puncture and clinical appearance,which plays an important role in operation mode and treatment guidance.

Objective To observe the clinical manifestation and the mode of RET proto-oncogene mutation in a pedigree of mutiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A). Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood lymphocytes in 18 family members including 3 patients, then PCR was performed to amplify seven exons of the RET proto-oncogene, i. e. exon 8,10,11,13-16. The PCR products were directly sequenced to identify the RET mutation and then sequenced after subcloning to identify their heterozygosity. Results The male proband suffered from pheochromocytoma and medullary thyroid carcinoma since the age of 30; while his sibling sister was ill with pheochromocytoma, and his brother with medullary thyroid carcinoma. A novel heterozygous mutation, 1893-1895delCGA, was detected in exon 11 of the RET proto-oncogene in the 3 patients and the other 2 family members. Conclusion A novel heterozygous mutation of RET proto-oncogene, 1893-1895delCGA, seems to be the disease-causing mutation in the studied MEN2A family.

Objective Plasma renin concentration (PRC) offers advantages in processing and standardization as compared with plasma renin activity (PRA). The aim of the study is to compare the sensitivity and specificity of plasma aldosterone concentration ( PAC)/PRA (ARR) and PAC/PRC (AARR) in screening primary aldosteronism ( PA ) in hypertensive patients and to observe the influence of different postures on PRC and AARR. Method ( 1 ) PAC and PRC in the supine position and after 1-hour and 2-hour upright posture were determined in 28 patients with PA and 51 patients with essential hypertension. The diagnostic efficacies during different postures were compared according to the ROC curve analysis. (2) 31 patients with PA, 242 patients with essential hypertension, and 145 normotensitive subjects were recruited in the study. The diagnostic efficacy of AARR in screening PA from hypertensive patients was evaluate. PAC, PRA, and PRC were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results ( 1 ) The AUC of AARR in the supine position, 1-hour and 2-hour upright posture were0.950 (95% CI0.906-0.994, P<0. 01), 0.979 (95% CI0.956-1.000, P<0.01) and 0.917 (95% CI 0. 856-0. 979, P<0. 01 ) respectively. AARR of 1 -hour upright yielded the highest screening efficiency. ( 2 ) The correlation coefficient index of Log-PRA and Log-PRC was 0. 705 ( P< 0. 01, n = 418 ), whereas the correlation coefficient index of Log-ARR and Log-AARR was 0.705 (P<0.01, n=418). The AUC of ARR and AARR were 0.998 (95% CI0. 981-1. 000, P<0.01 ) and 0.957 (95% CI0. 929-0.985, P<0.01 ) respectively according to the ROC curve. The optimal cutoff of AARR during upright 1 hour was 42.36 ng · dl-1/ng ·dl-1 ( sensitivity 87.10%, specificity 93.75% ). Conclusion The screening efficacy of AARR in screening PA in hypertensive patients was comparable with ARR. AARR measured after keeping upright 1 hour yielded the highest screening efficiency. The optimal cutoff of AARR was 42.36 ng · dl-1/ng ·dl-1.

BACKGROUND: Recent study showed that osteocalcin may elevate Insulin secretion and sensitivity, prevent the fat accumulation, play a role in the metablism of glucose and lipid. Undercarboxylated osteocalcin works as the main role. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different concentrations of glucose on osteoblast undercarboxylated osteocalcin. METHODS: The rib trabeculae were resected and broken, trypsinizated and washed completely by PBS. Bone surface and non-adhesive floating cells in cleaning fluid were observed with inverted microscope. Rib trabeculae was washed by DMEM culture medium once, and cultured in culture bottle. The culture liquid was replaced by new one once a week. The osteoblast was moved from the scledte a week later. The cells were fused monolayer and could be subcultured 4 to 6 weeks later. The active second or third generation cells were inoculated to 6-pore plate forming 5 groups. Osteoblast were stimulated by 5.6 mmol/L., 7.6 mmol/L, 9.6 mmol/L, 12.6 mmol/L, 20.6 mmol/L glucose medium respectively after the 80% cells were fused, the vitamin K_2 was added into the culture liquid until the concentration of it to be 10~(-5) mol/L. Supernatant was collected after half hour culturing, the undercarboxylated osteocalcin level were detected with RIA test kit, and corrected it as the total the undercarboxylated osteccalcin, calculated the carboxylated incomplete osteocalcin rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rate of ostecblast carboxylated incomplete osteocalcin was different under different concentration glucose. The rate of 7.6 mmol/L, 9.6 mmol/L, 20.6 mmol/L concentration glucose groups were higher than that of 5.6 mmol/L glucose group [(0.27±0.02)%, (0.29±0.04)%, (0.12±0.02)%, P < 0.05]. It is indicated that osteoblast could sense the change of glucose concentration by regulating the secretion of the undercarboxylated osteocalcin between the concentration of 5.6mmol/L to 9.6mmol/L, while the carboxylated incomplete osteocalcin decreased as the concentration of glucose increased.