Problem and insufficiency in the nuclear medicine teaching were analyzed and several improvement measures were proposed: to emend the teaching outline;to strengthen the construction of teaching material;to improve teaching staff quality;to improve class and experiment teaching quality.

BACKGROUND: The occurrence and development of tumor may result from the reaction of a series of factors. Up to now, earlier detection, monitoring treatment, and prognosis assessment for tumor are very difficult. It can provide the theoretical foundation of rehabilitation and survival for cancer patients to study the mechanisms of occurrence and development of tumors, or investigate the changes of blood level and tissue distribution.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of levels of some trace elements and serous prooxidant-antioxidant system of cancer patients.DESIGN: A controlled observation trialSETTING: Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mianyang CentralHospital.PARTICIPANTS: From September 1999 to December 2000,111 cancer patients were selected from the Third People's Hospital of Zigong, Yibin First People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, and Longchang County people's Hospital of Neijiang City, Sichuan Province.Of them, 21 cases were of liver cancer, 16 of gastric carcinoma, 15 of colorectal cancer, 11 of breast cancer, 13 of lung cancer, 13 of esophageal cancer, 7 of brain cancer and 15 of other cancers. At the same time; 36 control subjects were recruited from those who came to the hospital for health examination.METHODS :Blood samples of subjects after overnight fasting were pre pared by collecting venous blood in 5-mL Vacutainer tubes (Becton Dickinson, American). After 2-3 hours, the blood samples were centrifuged at 3 000 r/min for 15 minutes. 2.0 to 3.0 mL of serum was separated. The sera were stored in the refrigerator until analysis. Serum glutathione(GSH)level was determined by dithiobis-2-nitrobenzoic acid colorimetry. Xanthine oxidase (XOD) concentration was determined with xanthine-nitrotetrazole colorimetry. Glutahione oxidase (GSHPx) activity was determined with dinitrobenzoic acid colorimetry. Malondialdehyde(MDA) concentration in serum was measured with thiobarbituric acid reaction. Vitamin C (Vit C),vitamin E(Vit E) and total antioxidant power(TAOP) levels were measured with phenanthroline colorimetry. Albumin concentration was determined with bromcresol purple. Serum transferrin (Trf) and ceruloplasmin (CER)concentrations were determined with immunonephelometry. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Fe, and Se were measured with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MDA (as lipid peroxidation marker),trace elements copper, zinc, iron, and selenium and their transport proteins (albumin, transferrin and ceruloplasmin); antioxidation status markers: the concentrations of XOD, GSH, GSHPx, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and total antioxidant power levels.RESULTS: It was shown that lipid peroxidation ( measured as MDA)was significantly higher in cancer patients than in healthy controls [(5.21±1.05) nmol/L vs (4.04±0.68) nmol/L,P ＜ 0.001], and the TAOP level was significantly decreased in cancer patients than in the health controls[(4.34±0.980) U/L vs (5.87±0.93) U/L,P ＜ 0.001]. There were not obvious changes of antioxidation components (XOD, GSH, GSHPx, vitamin C,and vitamin E). Serum albumin concentration was found to be significantly lower in the cancer patients than in the health controls [(34.19±6.94)g/L vs (42.34±4.89) g/L ,P ＜ 0.001], and serum ceruloplasmin concentration was found to be significantly higher in the cancer patients than in the health controls [(0.371 ±0.031) g/L vs (0.346±0.026) g/L,P ＜ 0.05] butserum transferrin concentration remained unaltered (P ＞ 0.05). As com pared with the healthy controls, serum copper level was significantly increased[(19.27±4.74) μmol/L vs (14.29±2.71) μmol/L, P ＜ 0.001], serum selenium levels was significantly decreased[(1.175±0.333 0 μmol/L vs (1.413±0.446) μmol/L,P ＜ 0.001)]. However, the concentrations of zinc and iron remained unchanged. Correlation was observed between copper and MDA levels (r=0.281, P=0.003) in the cancer patients but not in the healthy controls. Moreover, a correlation was also observed between serum iron and MDA levels in the patients with liver cancer (r=0.680,P=0.001).CONCLUSION: The presence of an association between oxidative stress and some trace elements was found in cancer patients; however, the results are possibly inconsisteut because of different cancer types, cancer grades,or other characteristics of the patients engaged in the test.

Objective To evaluate the clinical significance and value of MRI for the diagnosis of the meniscus and ligament injury of the knee joint. Methods 27 patients were put under MRI examinations with 1.5 T unit(Magnetom Vision plus, SIEMENS)and confirmed by surgery or arthroscopy. In all patients, the sagittal and coronal multiplane scan was performed with 4mm section thickness. The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) angle and PCL curvature index were measured in 8 patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears and in 22 patients with ACL normal. The results of measuring were statistically analyzed. Results The accurate diagnosis of MRI was 18 of 24 patients (62.07%) and 24 of 31 cases with meniscus injury (77.42%). On MRI, the signs of meniscus injury were as follows: firstly, the linear high signal intensity inside meniscus was abnormal. Secondly, the size of meniscus diminished and the inner edge was pointless. The third, the triangle configuration of meniscus disappeared.The fourth, the lower or superior margin of meniscus appeared as wavelike configuration. The fifth,the distance from outer side of meniscus to articular capsule increased. Only 5 in 9 patients with ACL tears were exactly diagnosed and the accuracy ratio was 55.56%. There were remarkable statistical differences between the ACL tears group and ACL normal group in the results of (PCL) angle and PCL curvature index(P

Objective To investigate the relationship between levels of serum matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)and brain edema and neurologic impairment in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH).Methods The levels of serum MMP-9 and MMP-2 in 31 patients with ICH were tested with ELISA for at 1 d,3 d,7 d and 2 weeks after onset.The volumes of hematoma and its peripheral edema were evaluated by CT,the neurologic impairment was evaluated by NIHSS at 1 d and 14 d after onset.Results Levels of serum MMP-9 and MMP-2 were significant higher in ICH group at each time point after onset than those in normal control group(allP

Objective To investigate the effects of botulinum toxin type A on the proliferation,apoptosis and ERK/MAPK signaling pathway of human hypertrophic scar fibroblasts in vitro.Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from human hypertrophic scar and cultured by tissue explant method.The cells were divided into control and botulinum toxin type A groups.The botulinum toxin group A was cultured in DMEM medium containing 0.4U/L botulinum toxin type A.The control group was cultured with DMEM alone.Cell proliferation was measured by CCK8 kit at days 1,3,5 and 7 and compared within groups.Apoptosis of fibroblasts was detected by flow cytometry which treated with botulinum toxin and control group.Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of collagen Ⅰ,p-ERK1/2 and total ERK protein in fibroblasts of control,botulinum toxin type A and U0126 groups.Results Botulinum toxin type A could significantly inhibit the proliferation of fibroblasts,the number of cells was only 68.9％ in the control group at 7th days.The apoptotic rate of botulinum toxin type A was 35.9％,which was significantly higher than that of the control group.ERK 1/2 protein expression in the three groups was not significantly different (P ＞ 0.05),while p-ERK 1/2 expression in the control group was still significantly higher,but the p-EKR 1/2 in botulinum toxin type A and U0126 group was significantly inhibited.Collagen Ⅰ was highly expressed in the control group,which was significantly higher than that in the botulinum toxin type A and U0126 groups (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Botulinum toxin type A can inhibit the ERK/MAPK signaling pathway and increased fibroblasts apoptosis,decreased proliferation activity and collagen Ⅰ secretion.

Objective To study the method for determination of micro and trace chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in wa-ter by headspace chromatography.Methods Based on the mild solubility of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in water,trace chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in water were analysed by static headspace gas chromatography using an OV-101chromato-graphic column.Results The better linear ranges for chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were0.00-20.0?g /L(r=0.9998)and0.00-1.00?g /L(r=0.996)respectively.The detection limits of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were0.19?g /L and0.01?g /L respectively.The recovery rate of the method was95%-110%.Conclusion The method could be satisfactorily used for determination of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride in mineral water,well water,pure water and source-water with the advantage of less interfering factors and no secondary pollution.

Objective To construct human single-chain antibody gene library associated with lung adenocarcinoma, and screen lung adenocarcinoma cell A549-specific antibody. Methods The lymphatic tissue near lung adenocarcinoma was used to construct human single-chain antibody gene library. The specific antibody to lung adenocarcinoma cell A549 was screened from the antibody library. Positive clone bacteria were transformed to E. coli HB2151, and their dissolvability was observed. The soluble scFv was purified by affinity chromatography and its relative molecular mass was determined by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The specificity of scFv to human lung adenocarcinoma cells was identified with ELISA. Results The phage antibody library of 4.6?107 was constructed successfully. Single-chain antibody of human lung adenocarcinoma was enriched. The ratio of yield was increased gradually, 181 times higher after 5 rounds of panning than after the first round of panning. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting results showed soluble scFv' molecular mass was about 30 000. ELISA showed dissolved antibody had high specificity to bind A549 cells, not MDA-MB-435. Conclusion The single-chain antibody gene library of human lung adenocarcinoma was constructed successfully, and specific antibodies to lung adenocarcinoma were screened, providing the basis for single-chain antibody radionuclide imaging and treatment.

Aim To explore the effect of matrine( Mat) on the apoptosis of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells and its related mechanism. Methods SKOV3 cells were treated with different concentrations( 0. 4,0. 8,1. 2,1. 6, 2. 0 g?L -1) of Mat for 24,48,72 h. The inhibitory rate of mat on SKOV3 cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay,and cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry ( FCM) ; the expression of survivin mRNA was measured by RT-PCR and the expression of survivin and Caspase-3 protein was measured by Western blot. Results Different concentrations of Mat had certain inhibitory effect on SKOV3 cell proliferation,in a dose-and tine-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration ( IC50 ) of 24,48,72 h were 3. 38,1. 57,1. 13 g?L -1 respectively; the cell apoptotic rate of treated with 0. 8,1. 6 g?L -1 Mat for 48 h, was( 11. 44 ? 0. 56) % ,( 17. 68 ? 0. 98) % respective-ly,which had statistical significance compared with the control group( 4. 85 ? 0. 31) % ( P

Objective To investigate whether and how CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells(Tr) affect oxidized low density lipoprotein(oxLDL) induced proinflammatory response in macrophages.Methods Tr were isolated from lymphocyte suspensions by magnetic cell sorting-column and analyzed by flow cytometry.Macrophages were cultured alone,with CD4 + CD25 + Tr or CD4 + CD25 - Tr in the presence of oxLDL for 48 h.The phenotype of macrophages was determined by flow cytometry.NO production was assessed by Griess reaction an iNOS mRNA was isolated by RT-PCR.ELISA were used to measure the production of cytokine/chemokine like MCP-1,MMP-9,TNF-ct,TGF-β and IL-10 in macrophages response to oxLDL.Results Our data showed that with oxLDL challenge,the Tr modulated macrophages have decreased NO production and iNOS expression,decreased HLA-DR and CD86 expression,and down-regulated proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production.Conclusion Tr can inhibit the proinflammatory properties of macrophages and steer macrophage differentiation toward an anti-inflammatory cytokine producing phenotype.

Objective To evaluate the effects of Acorustatarinowii Schott(ATS)on chronic restraint stress mice and its possible mechanisms. Methods Chronic stressed mice underwent a repeated 8h/d constraint in a specific behavior blocker ,however ,only CSA mice received once gavages of 4.5 g/(kg · d)ATS decoction for con-secutive 28 days. Morris water maze(MWM)task was conducted for evaluating learning and memory of the mice. ELISA was used to examine the levels of plasma corticosteroid. Results ATS dramatically ameliorated cognitive impairments and decreased serum corticosteroid level in the stressed mice(P<0.01). Conclusion ATS improves cognitive deficits provoked by chronic stress in mice ,which may attribute to decreasing plasma corticosteroid levels.